脊椎是人體背側貫穿全身的支撐性中軸骨骼，在人體骨骼結構中扮演著相當重要的角色，其中又以頸椎與腰椎因活動程度較大、頻率較高的關係最容易產生病變，也是目前脊椎相關醫學研究上最受關注的部分。脊椎椎體病變以椎間盤退化性疾病為主要因，隨著年紀增加或不良的生活習慣皆有可能導致椎間盤退化。近年來由於工作形態的轉變以及3C科技產品的演進，長時間於電腦前維持同一姿勢或是低頭使用智慧型手機、平板電腦等皆會增加頸椎部位的負擔，因此也使得現今頸椎病變之好發族群有年輕化的趨勢。
過去已有許多文獻針對脊椎頸部建立有限元素模型，供頸部椎間盤退化與其治療方法的生物力學研究。然而過往的模型除了較為簡化外，使用力量/力矩作為負載條件較不符合頸部實際運動狀態，也少有文獻將肌肉組織考慮進去。本研究之目的係建立一完整、擬真，包含肌肉與韌帶組織之三維人體上部骨骼有限元素模型，用於針對頸部病變之生物力學研究。
該三維有限元素模型包含頭顱到胸椎T5、胸骨、鎖骨、肩胛骨、肋骨1至5節以及韌帶與肌肉組織。利用實際拍攝頭顱前傾、後傾、側彎與軸向扭轉時的位置，推算出頭顱於上述動態的位移量。使用ANSYS Workbench作為有限元素分析軟體，以位移控制設定為負載條件進行模擬，獲得並探討應力、應變與椎體活動度等生物力學研究之參數。
結果顯示本模型經有限元素模擬後，能提供人體上部於動態時之應力、應變與活動度等參數用於生物力學研究。位移控制之位移量設定參數係參考實際拍攝人體上部動態的影像中擷取而來。矢狀面與軸向扭轉之活動度趨勢與過往文獻中的參考資料相似。加入肌肉的模型在應力與應變趨勢上與無肌肉模型比較之差異符合預期中加入肌肉後的影響結果。

Spine is series of bones located at the back of human's body. It plays an important role that supporting the whole human body. Cervical and lumbar are easier degenerative because of the bigger range and the frequency of motion. Degenerative disc disease are the main cause of disc diseases and may occur by age or bad habits. Recently, the change of working patterns and the generalization of 3C products leads to a higher occurrence of degenerative disc disease in younger age groups.
There are many researches built the finite element models for cervical biomechanical investigation of degenerative disc disease and the treatments of it. However, the previous models are too simple and using force or moment as loading conditions. It's not quite reasonable that compare to the real motion of cervical. The purpose of this study was to develop a complete human upper skeleton finite element model with muscles and ligaments for investigations of cervical biomechanics.
Three dimensional finite element models developed in this thesis are including Skull, vertebrae, sternum, clavicle, scapula and ribs with ligaments and muscles. Measure the displacement value of skull in motions of flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial torsion by recording the process of movements. We use ANSYS Workbench as the simulation software and use displacement control as the loading condition then get the data about stress, strain and range of motion.
The result shows that the Musculoskeletal Model can provide biomechanical data about stress, strain and range of motion after finite element analysis. The displacement setting was measured from videos recording real motions of human’s upper spine. The tendencies about range of motion are similar to the previous researches in sagittal plane and axial torsion. The difference about biomechanical data between models with and without muscles is reasonable.

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