簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 張志凱
CHIH-KAI CHANG
論文名稱: 台灣地區機場績效評估之研究
An Evaluation of Airport Performances in Taiwan
指導教授: 呂守陞
Sou-Sen Leu
口試委員: 潘乃欣
none
林建良
none
楊亦東
I-Tung Yang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 147
中文關鍵詞: 航空站資料包絡線分析法績效評估
外文關鍵詞: Airport, Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), Performance Evaluation
相關次數: 點閱:334下載:7
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

現今航空站不但有運輸旅客的功能,並具國防及救災的戰略重要角色,且提供離島地區居民交通運輸需求及支援緊急醫療服務,而高速、快速及西部公路網絡陸續建構、高速鐵路的通車營運及台鐵太魯閣號的加入等,造成運輸市場的結構產生變化,更嚴重影響航空站的營運績效。
本研究運用資料包絡線分析(DEA)法,對民航局所屬國內 18 座航空站作績效評估,探討民國 92 年至 99 年度的營運資料,共 144 個樣本,進行相對效率分析、差額變數分析、敏感度分析並輔以 DEA 與現行評估制度及區分本、外島航空站作比較,以驗證分析結果的穩定性,經運用 CCR 及 BCC 模式之分析結果,整體而言,台灣地區運輸之航空站,其經營效率有逐年降低的情況,其中在整體技術效率、純粹技術效率及規模效率表現上亦顯著偏低;差額變數分析結果,針對相對無效率樣本在投入與產出項應作調整;敏感度分析結果,投入項之機場面積,具較大之敏感度,對於本島航空站更是影響績效的重要因子,而本島與外島航空站相對效率值差異不大,另 DEA 與現行評估制度比較的結論,建議兩者若能相輔相成更能成就客觀評估。最後並依據實證分析結果,針對各航空站無效率之情形,分別提出相關改善建議。


Today airport not only transports passengers but also plays an important role on national defense and disaster rescue. It also fulfills the transportation needs as well as emergency medical services to those who resident outside of Taiwan Island. On the other hand, the recent completion of road systems including highways, freeways, and the western road network, the open of the high-speed bullet train, and the operation of the fast train Taroko in TRA result in structural changes to the transportation market, but even more seriously affect the airport's operating performance.
This research uses Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the operating performance of 18 airports in Taiwan during the period 2003-2010 that consisting of 144 DMUs, decision-making units. The research contains the overall efficiency analysis, slack variable analysis and sensitivity analysis among DMUs and compares results between our research and other existing evaluation methods to validate the reliability and validity of our research. According to the analysis results of CCR and BCC models in our research, airports in Taiwan appear declining operation efficiency year over year. Apparently their operations become less efficient on overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The result of slack variable analysis shows these inefficient DMUs must adjust their input slacks and output slacks in order to improve their overall efficiency. The result of the sensitivity analysis is found more sensitive to the total airport land size in the inputs and is also the major impact factor of the operation efficiency to those airports inside Taiwan Island. The efficiency differences are insignificant between airports inside and outside Taiwan Island. Last, according to our research, it is suggested that the analysis result of DEA should be included for the efficiency evaluation of airport operations, which provides a objective analysis result. Last completed the empirical analysis and advised how those inefficient airports shall improve their operation efficiency accordingly.

中文摘要................................................................I 英文摘要...............................................................II 誌謝..................................................................III 目錄...................................................................IV 表目錄.................................................................VI 圖目錄................................................................VII 第一章 緒論.............................................................1 1.1 研究緣起與目的..................................................1 1.2 研究範圍........................................................2 1.3 研究方法與流程..................................................3 1.3.1 研究方法....................................................3 1.3.2 研究流程....................................................4 第二章 文獻回顧與研究理念架構...........................................6 2.1 績效評估方法....................................................6 2.2 機場績效評估...................................................10 2.2.1 國外文獻探討...............................................11 2.2.2 國內文獻探討...............................................14 第三章 資料包絡線分析法與民用航空局之發展..............................17 3.1 資料包絡線分析(DEA)法........................................17 3.1.1 基本概念...................................................18 3.1.2 Farrell效率觀念............................................18 3.1.3 特性.......................................................19 3.1.4 限制.......................................................20 3.1.5 常用之模式.................................................20 3.1.6 應用程序與步驟.............................................22 3.2 民用航空局之發展...............................................25 3.2.1 組織架構...................................................25 3.2.2 國內航空站現況.............................................28 第四章 機場績效之資料包絡線分析........................................44 4.1 樣本與變數的選取...............................................44 4.2 投入及產出項之選擇.............................................44 4.3 相關性分析.....................................................48 4.4 分析結果.......................................................49 4.4.1 整體技術效率分析...........................................49 4.4.2 純粹技術效率分析...........................................50 4.4.3 規模效率分析...............................................50 4.4.4 規模報酬分析...............................................51 4.4.5 差額變數分析...............................................58 4.4.6 標竿的分析.................................................64 4.4.7 敏感度分析.................................................65 4.5 小結...........................................................72 第五章 資料包絡線分析的比較............................................75 5.1 DEA 與民航局現行績效考核之比較.................................75 5.1.1 現行評估方式及結果.........................................75 5.1.2 DEA 對航空站進行評估結果...................................77 5.1.3 小結.......................................................79 5.2 本島與外島航空站績效之比較.....................................79 5.2.1 本島與外島機場相對效率分析.................................79 5.2.2 本島與外島機場敏感度分析...................................87 5.2.3 小結.......................................................91 第六章 結論與建議......................................................92 6.1 研究結論.......................................................92 6.2 研究建議.......................................................92 6.3 研究限制與未來發展.............................................94 參考文獻...............................................................96 附錄 附錄 A 機場建設與發展..................................................99 附錄 B 所有機場的投入產出項資料.......................................104 附錄 C 交通部民用航空局為民服務考核項目表.............................109 附錄 D 交通部民用航空局 99 年為民服務不定期考核優缺點紀錄摘要表.......134 作者簡介

一、中文部分:
[1] 「民航統計年報」,交通部民用航空局會計室編印,2006 年 6 月。
[2] 「交通統計要覽」,交通部統計處編印,2009 年 7 月。
[3] 交通部運輸研究所,1999,亞太地區國際機場競爭力分析與發展趨勢。
[4] 吳安妮,「績效評估新趨勢」,會計研究月刊, 133 期,2000。
[5] 李得璋,「公共工程執行績效評估系統之研究」,行政院國家科學委員會研究報告,1996。
[6] 李朝彬,台灣資訊硬體廠商投資大陸對生產力影響之初探,國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文,2003。
[7] 林立千、陳怡君(2004),亞洲地區國際機場之營運效率評估資料包絡分析法之應用,運輸學刊,第十六卷,第二期,頁 115-144。
[8] 林嘉誠,行政機關績效評制度的建置與回顧,政府績效評估,行政院研究發展考核委員會,2004,頁 3。
[9] 林耀煌,「營建工程品質管制講義」,未出版,國立台灣科技大學營建工程系,2001。
[10] 孫遜(2004),資料包絡分析法-理論與應用,台北,揚智文化事業股份有限公司。
[11] 張有恆,當代運輸政策,華泰文化事業股份有限公司,2006,頁266。
[12] 張有恆、王東琪,航空站營運績效評估之研究-以亞太地區國際機場為例,民航季刊,2002,第四卷第一期,頁 89-107。
[13] 薄喬萍,績效評估之資料包絡分析法,五南圖書出版股份有限公司,2007。
[14] 高強、黃旭男、Toshiyuki Sueyoshi,「管理績效評估-資料包絡分析法」,華泰文化事業公司,2003。
[15] 馮鑑昌,航空站經營管理與規劃,詹氏書局,2005,頁 8。
[16] 彭為德,「透過績效管理制度提昇企業競爭力」,勤業管理顧問公司,1998。
[17] 黃旭男,「資料包絡分析法使用程序之研究及其在非營利組織效率評估上之應用」,博士論文,交通大學管理科學研究所,1993。
[18] 陳育如,我國民用航空站營運效率之評估,東吳大學會計學系碩士論文,2008。
[19] 楊詠凱,台灣地區主要航空站營運與財務之績效評估,交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文,2003。
[20] 蔡宗標,兩岸三地航空運輸業效率之研究-資料包絡分析法之應用,國際企業管理學系碩士班碩士論文,2006。
[21] 顧志遠,張國平,「數據包絡分析(DEA)效率評估之應用—以臺北市公車為例」,運輸計劃季刊,第 19 卷,第 1 期,1990。

二、英文部分:
[1] Adler, N., & Berechman, J. (2001) “Measuring airport quality from. the airlines, viewpoint: an application of data envelopment analysis.” Transport Policy, 8(3), P171-181.
[2] Andersen, P. and Petersen, N. C., “A Procedure for Ranking Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Management Science, No. 39, pp.1261-1264, 1993.
[3] Banker, R. D., Charnes, A. and Cooper, W. W., “Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in DEA”, Management Science, Vol. 30, No. 9,pp.1078-1092, 1984.
[4] Bazargan, M., & Vasigh, B. (2003). “Size versus efficiency: a case study of US commercial airports.” Journal of Air Transport Management Science, 30 (9), P1078-1092.
[5] Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. and Rhodes, E. , “Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp.429-444, 1978.
[6] Engert, F. M., “A Study of School District Efficiency in New York State UsingData Envelopment Analysis”, Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 56, No. 7,pp.2502A (University Microfilms No. 95- 38079), 1995.
[7] Farrell, M. J., “The Measurement of Productivity Efficiency”, Journal of the RoyalStatistical Society, Series A, General 120, Part 3, pp.253-281, 1957.
[8] Fernandes, E. and Pacheco, R. R., (2002), “Efficient use of airport capacity.” Transportation Research Part A, Vol.36, P225-238.
[9] Forsund, F. R., Lovell, C. A. K. and Schmidt, P., “A Survey of Frontier Production Functions and of Their Relationship to Efficiency Measurement”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 13, pp. 5-15, 1980.
[10] Gillen, D. and Waters II, W. G.(1997), “Airport performance measurement and airport pricing.” Transportation Research Part E, Vol.33, No.4, P245-247.
[11] Kaplan, R.S. and D.P. Norton, “The Balanced Scorecard measures that drive performance.”, Harvard Business Review (January/February), p.71-79, 1992.
[12] Martin, J. C., and Roman, C., (2001), “An application of DEA to measure the efficiency of Spanish airports prior to privatization.” Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol.7, P149-157.
[13] Niven, P., “Balanced Scorecard Step by Step”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 2002.
[14] Parker, D. (1999), “The performance of BAA before and after privatization: a DEA study.” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 33(2), P133-146.
[15] Salazar, F.(1999), “A DEA Approach to the Airport Production Function.” International Journal of Transport Economic, Vol. XXVI, No.2, P255-270.
[16] Sarkis, J.(2000), “An analysis of the operational efficiency of major airport in the United States.” Journal of Operation Management, Vol.18, P335-351.
[17] Sarks, J. and Talluri, S., (2004), “Performance based clustering for benchmarking of US airports.” Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, Vol.38, No.5, P329-346.
[18] Vasigh, B., & Gorjidooz, J., (2006), “Productivity analysis of public and private airports:A causal investigation.” Journal of Airport Transportation, Vol.11, No.3, P144-163.
[19] Yu, M. M. (2004), “Measuring physical efficiency of domestic airports in Taiwan with undesirable outputs and environmental factors.” Journal of Air Transport Management, 10(5), P295-303.
[20] Zomorrodian, M. R., “Guidelines for Improving Efficiency in Elementary Schools in Western Massachusetts : a Data Envelopment Analysis Approach”, Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 51, No. 7, 2264A (University Microfilms No. 90-35426), 1990.

QR CODE