本研究涵括超音波數值模擬與超音波實驗兩個區塊，探求不同新拌修補水泥質基材之超音波反射行為，未來可藉由現地超音波檢測，評估土木結構修補狀況。數值模擬應用LS-DYNA軟體，以2-D平面軸對稱有限元素，分析超音波於大理石單層板模式(單層版模型)與大理石上層與水泥質基材下層(雙層版模型)兩種構件之波傳行為，單層版模型材料變數為楊氏係數(150、100及50 GPa)、容積密度(1,750、2,750及3,750 kg/m3)以及卜松比(0.1、0.2及0.3)；雙層版模型變化水泥質基材特性之楊氏係數(40、30及20 GPa)、容積密度(1,000、2,000及3,000 kg/m3)與卜松比(0.1、0.2及0.3)，上層厚度(10、15及20 mm)，建構超音波反射行為關係。雙層版超音波實驗雷同雙層版模型，固定上層面材為大理石，改變下層水泥質修補材料為水泥砂漿、無收縮水泥砂漿、活性粉混凝土以及自充填混凝土等四種材料，隨著齡期發展音阻抗與衰減值之關係，並對照實驗與數值模擬結果。
研究結果顯示：改變單層版材料性質楊氏係數、容積密度及卜松比，大理石對應衰減值變化介於5 dB至9 dB之間，差異性不大；超音波衰減值主要隨楊氏係數增加而遞減。雙層版數值模擬時，改變下層材料性質，下層材料音阻抗增大與上層材料音阻抗愈接近，即音阻比愈大而反射率愈小，超音波衰減值愈大；衰減值介於12 dB至28 dB之間，雙層版模型之衰減值較單層版模型明顯高約2至3倍；上層材料厚度愈大，超音波衰減值也愈大，當厚度自10 mm增至20 mm，超音波衰減值則由26.17 dB增至32.84 dB，並建構不同厚度反射率與衰減值之關係式。10 mm厚上層大理石版貼附於四種水泥質基材料之超音波實驗，活性粉混凝土之超音波衰減率為較高者，平均介於19.98 dB至22.90 dB之間，無收縮水泥砂漿之超音波衰減值較低者，平均介於16.99 dB至17.90 dB之間。實驗結果繪置於數值模擬之反射率及衰減值圖，實驗結果多落於上層厚度15 mm之數值解關係線，衰減值均高於厚度10 mm之數值解關係線，誤差在8~17 %之間，未來可據此校正數值與現地超音波實驗誤差。

This research emphasizes on numerical simulation and experiments for ultrasonic behavior on fresh cement-based retrofitting materials. In future, this ultrasonic technique can be used to evaluate the retrofitting conditions on civil infrastructures in field. Commercial numerical software, LS-DYNA with 2-D plane axisymmetric finite element, is applied to analyze ultrasonic behavior on single-layered marble (single-layered model) and marble covering on a material as a substrate (double-layered model). The effects of Young's moduli (150, 100, and 50 GPa), bulk densities (1,750, 2,750, and 3,750 kg/m3), Poisson’s ratios (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) of marble are numerically discussed in detail. The effects of Young's moduli (40, 30, and 20 GPa), bulk densities (1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 kg/m3), Poisson’s ratios (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) of substrate and thicknesses (10, 15, and 20 mm) of marble are simulated in detail. The ultrasonic experiments on marble covering on 4 different concretes, mortar, non-shrinkage mortar, reactive powder concrete (RPC), and self-compacting concrete (SCC), are executed to identify the numerical results.
Research results are summarized as the following: On single-layered marble, reflected attenuation loss values range from 5 dB to 9 dB for various material properties. A main attenuation loss is affected by Young’s modulus. On double-layered model, the closer acoustic impedances between these two layers, the lower reflectivity and higher reflected attenuation loss values. Their attenuation loss range falls between 12 dB and 28 dB, 2 to 3 times of values in single-layered model. The attenuation loss values increase from 26.17 dB into 32.84 dB as thickness changes from 10 mm to 20 mm. The relationship between reflectivity and reflection loss is developed for different thicknesses. On ultrasonic experiments in double-layered condition, 10 m thick marble is attached at 4 types of concretes. A higher attenuation loss value is found for RPC base, around 19.98 dB to 22.90 dB. On the other hand, non-shrinkage mortar has a lower attenuation loss value, around 16.99 to 17.90 dB. The experimental results plotted on numerical reflectivity and reflection loss relationship fall along the curve with a thickness of 15 mm of marble. All their attenuation loss values are higher than those from numerical results, 10-mm thick marble. In future, this could be provided as modification for field ultrasonic experimental results.

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