The development of urban cities in the world is usually accompanied with earthworks, such as deep excavations for basements and parking lots, due to limited land availability. Those earthworks might cause problems to other adjacent structures. The excessive ground movements induced by excavation might endanger whole excavation projects and the existing buildings. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is highly used to simulate wall deformation and ground surface settlement in excavations.
The soil deposited from the Keelung River in the Taipei area is called K-zone. In this zone, the soil mainly consists of silty clay interlayered with silty sand, called Sungshan Formation. Many researches have been done on well-monitored excavation cases in Taipei clay, such as Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) and Core Pacific City (CPC) shopping mall. These cases has been modeled by using variable numerical. Some basic models were found to be inadequate to simulate all behavior present in the case.
The hypoplastic model for clay (HC) is an advanced numerical model with unique features, such as anisotropy, small-strain stiffness, and recent stress history. HC model is used in this research to simulate TNEC and CPC case ground movement. As a result, the model proved to match well with the monitoring data from both cases. Ground movement vector results from the numerical model are also relatively similar to the monitoring data. The effect of excavation width can be seen to increase the wall deformation and ground surface settlement. The wider the excavation, the maximum wall deformation will increase. The primary influence zone of ground surface settlement in a wider excavation might reach a further distance than what was
proposed by Ou and Hsieh’s method. The ground movement is also influenced by the limited soil condition caused by nearby underground structures. In the CPC case, the effect is observed reducing the ground movement induced by excavation.

The development of urban cities in the world is usually accompanied with earthworks, such as deep excavations for basements and parking lots, due to limited land availability. Those earthworks might cause problems to other adjacent structures. The excessive ground movements induced by excavation might endanger whole excavation projects and the existing buildings. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is highly used to simulate wall deformation and ground surface settlement in excavations.
The soil deposited from the Keelung River in the Taipei area is called K-zone. In this zone, the soil mainly consists of silty clay interlayered with silty sand, called Sungshan Formation. Many researches have been done on well-monitored excavation cases in Taipei clay, such as Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) and Core Pacific City (CPC) shopping mall. These cases has been modeled by using variable numerical. Some basic models were found to be inadequate to simulate all behavior present in the case.
The hypoplastic model for clay (HC) is an advanced numerical model with unique features, such as anisotropy, small-strain stiffness, and recent stress history. HC model is used in this research to simulate TNEC and CPC case ground movement. As a result, the model proved to match well with the monitoring data from both cases. Ground movement vector results from the numerical model are also relatively similar to the monitoring data. The effect of excavation width can be seen to increase the wall deformation and ground surface settlement. The wider the excavation, the maximum wall deformation will increase. The primary influence zone of ground surface settlement in a wider excavation might reach a further distance than what was
proposed by Ou and Hsieh’s method. The ground movement is also influenced by the limited soil condition caused by nearby underground structures. In the CPC case, the effect is observed reducing the ground movement induced by excavation.

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