主動式有機發光二極體(AMOLED)由於其優異的特性，近年來受到市場上相當的矚目，像是廣視角、快的反應速度、高對比、高色彩飽和度、和自發光性等等。而在有機發光二極體顯示器的尺寸日益增大，造成其電壓衰退增加。另外，有機發光二極體在長時間操作下會導致發光效率降低以及產品生命期縮短。因此，近幾年出現了有關應用金屬氧化物薄膜電晶體(a-IGZO TFT)於畫素電路以及補償有機發光二極體之發光效率之研究。
由於低溫複晶矽薄膜電晶體(LTPS-TFT)其優異的電流驅動能力，可以使得畫素電路尺寸微縮，進而達到較大的開口率，提升顯示器品質。然而，低溫複晶矽薄膜電晶體製程過程中，在準分子雷射退火時會造成的電性差異，會使得在相同灰階情況下卻出現電流不一的情況，進而造成顯示器亮度之不均勻，所以開始出現許多補償電路之研究，而近年來此問題也被有效改善。
近幾年，金屬氧化物薄膜電晶體(a-IGZO TFT)開始被重視，因為金屬氧化物薄膜電晶體具有介於低溫複晶矽薄膜電晶體(LTPS-TFT)和非晶矽薄膜電晶體(a-Si TFT)之間的電流驅動能力，且製程上有很高的均勻性，適合發展大尺寸的面板。然而，金屬氧化物薄膜電晶體在長時間操作下會造成電性差異，會使得在相同灰階情況下卻出現電流不一的情況，進而造成顯示器亮度之不均勻，所以開始出現許多改善不均勻性的補償電路之研究。因此，在本篇論文中，我們希望讓補償電路能補償薄膜電晶體的不均勻性，並且搭載同步顯示的高速操作(Simultaneous emission)3D驅動時脈。
鑒於以上動機，我們提出了三個新型補償畫素電路，同時搭載了高品質的同步顯示(Simultaneous emission)3D驅動時脈，這三個電路分別為6T2C、4T2C及5T2C，皆經由AIM-SPICE模擬驗證並修改相關參數得到預期之結果。
在6T2C畫素電路中，首先其高頻三維度驅動操作之特性已經由模擬軟體驗證。其平均電流錯誤率在驅動元件臨界電壓偏移±.0.33之情況下為1.67%，及在有機發光二極體及驅動元件臨界電壓同時偏移之最糟情況下為3.83%。還有在由寄生電阻造成的電源電壓下降狀況下，畫素電路也依然能維持穩定的電流供應。由以上敘述顯示，此新型成功的在三維度驅動操作下有效維持畫面均勻度，並且利用有機發光二極體之逆偏壓，進而改善有機發光二極體之生命期。
在第二個4T2C畫素電路中，利用金屬氧化物薄膜電晶體(a-IGZO TFT)作為畫素電路的驅動元件，其高頻的驅動操作之特性已經由模擬軟體驗證。在驅動元件臨界電壓偏移±3並且有機發光二極體臨界電壓偏移+0.5之極端情況下之電流不均勻性小於7%。
在第三個5T2C畫素電路中，我們考慮了有機發光二極體經長時間操作後亮度會衰減的現象去設計補償電路。利用有機發光二極體臨界電壓隨操作時間上升之特性回授補償電流，得已維持亮度。在驅動元件臨界電壓偏移±.0.5情況下之電流誤差率僅0.509%。
由以上結果顯示，在高速驅動時脈下，補償驅動元件及有機發光二極體的能力有如我們所預期。因此，我們相信在此論文所發表的三個新型畫素電路是有著相當不錯的穩定電流驅動能力且也是相當適合於應用在大尺寸和高解析度的三維度主動式有激發光二極體顯示器面板中。

Recently, active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) has attracted a much attention due to its extraordinary properties, such as wide viewing angle, fast response time, high contrast ratio, high color saturation and self-emissive ability. Since the OLED TVs become more and more popular, the issue of voltage drop in power line will be increase. Moreover, luminance of AMOLED decayed after long time operation to lead OLED luminance degradation and short lifetime of product. Recently, using Metal Oxide TFT (a-IGZO TFT) for AMOLED pixel circuit and compensating for electric degradation of OLED are investigated.
The low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS-TFTs) plays an important part due to its high current driving capability. However, the various characteristic of LTPS-TFTs due to the excimer laser annealing process, which will further cause the non-uniform driving current under same gray-scale. Hence, many pixel circuit researches are proposed and this issue is effectively ameliorated.
Recently, Metal Oxide TFT (a-IGZO TFT) is paid much attention because a-IGZO TFT has the current driving capability between LTPS-TFT and a-Si TFT and has great uniformity to fabricate large size display on fabrication process. However, a-IGZO TFT has non-uniform of electrical characteristics under long time operation which will further cause the non-uniform driving current under same gray-scale. Hence, many pixel circuit researches are proposed and this issue is effectively ameliorated. Thus, in this thesis, we want to design novel pixel circuits that can compensate the non-uniformity of TFTs, the OLED luminance degradation and the stereo 3D effect is also applied in the circuits.
Base on above reason, we proposed three compensating pixel circuits with high quality 3D simultaneously emission (SE) driving scheme, 6T2C, 4T2C and 5T2C respectively. Through the parameter modulation, these three circuits achieved the performances what we expected and verified by AIM-SPICE.
In the 6T2C pixel circuit, first the high speed 3D driving is verified by simulator. The current error rate under various threshold voltage of TFT(ΔVTH_DTFT = ±0.33 V) is 1.67%. In a worst case of both various threshold voltage of OLED and TFTs, current error rate is only 3.83%. In power line I-R drop which was caused by intrinsic resistance, the proposed pixel circuit still offers a stable current. Consequently, this proposed 6T2C pixel circuit maintains the image uniformity effectively under high speed 3D driving, and the proposed 6T2C pixel circuit is also applied the reverse bias to ameliorate OLED lifetime.
In the 4T2C pixel circuit, using a-IGZO TFTs for AMOLED pixel circuit the high speed 3D driving is verified by simulator. The current error rate of this pixel circuit under various threshold voltage of TFT(ΔVTH_DTFT = ±3 V) and OLED (ΔVTH_OLED = +0.5 V) is less than 7%. Furthermore, the current degradation error rate is less than 2% under the critical condition of VDD dropping 0.5 V
In the 5T2C pixel circuit, OLED luminance degradation in long-term operation is in consideration. So we utilized the property that the threshold voltage of OLED will increases with operation time, to design a feedback structure. Due to this structure, the OLED current will increases with the threshold voltage of OLED. The current error rate of this pixel circuit under various threshold voltage of TFT(ΔVTH_DTFT = ±0.5 V) is 0.509%.
Due to the above simulation results, under high speed driving, the capability of compensation is achieved as what we expected. Hence, we believed these three proposed pixel circuits have excellent current driving capability and it is suitable in large size and high resolution AMOLED displays.
 

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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[3.18] B.W. Lee, I. H. Ji, S. M. Han, S. D. Sung, K. S. Shin, J. D. Lee, B. H. Kim, B. H. Berkeley, and S. S. Kim, “Novel simultaneous emission driving scheme for crosstalk-free 3DAMOLED TV,” in Proc. SID Tech. Dig., 2010, pp. 758–761.

Chapter 4
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[4.2] Y. W. Jeon, S. Kim, S. Lee, et al., “Subgap density-of-states-based amorphous oxide thin film transistor simulator (DeAOTS),” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. 57, No. 11, pp. 2988–3000, (2010).
[4.3] Y. G. Mo, M. Kim, C. K. Kang, et al., “Amorphous oxide TFT backplane for large size AMOLED TVs,” in SID Tech. Dig., PP. 1037–1040 (2010).
[4.4] M. Kimura and S. Imai, “Degradation evaluation of α-IGZO TFTs for application to AM-OLEDs,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 963–965 (2010).
[4.5] S. M. Lee, C. I. Ryoo, J. W. Park, et al., “Control of threshold voltage in back channel etch type amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors,” in SID Tech. Dig., PP. 104–106 (2011).
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[4.7] B. W. Lee, I. H. Ji, S. M. Han, S. D. Sung, K. S. Shin, J. D. Lee, B. H. Kim, B. H. Kim, B. H. Berkeley, and S. S. Kim, “Novel simultaneous emission driving scheme for crosstalk-free 3D AMOLED TV,” in SID Tech. Dig., PP. 758–761 (2010).
[4.8] C. L. Lin, W. Y. Chang, and C. C. Hung, “Compensating pixel circuit driving AMOLED display with a-IGZO TFTs,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 1166–1168 (2013).
[4.9] Y. Kim, Y. Kim, and H. Lee, “A novel a-InGaZnO TFT pixel circuit for AMOLED display with the enhanced reliability and aperture ratio,” J. Display Technol., Vol., 10, No. 1, pp. 80-83 (2014).
[4.10] Y. Kim, J. Kanicki, and H. Lee, “An a-InGaZnO TFT pixel circuit Compensating Threshold Voltage and Mobility Variations in AMOLEDs,” J. Display Technol., Vol., 10, No. 5, pp. 402-406 (2014).
[4.11] C. L. Lin, W. Y. Chang, C. C. Hung, and C. D. Tu, “LTPS-TFT pixel circuit to compensate for OLED luminance degradation in three-dimensional AMOLED display,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 700–702 (2012).
Chapter 5
[5.1] S. Ono, K. Miwa, Y. Maekawa, and T. Tsujimura, “VT compensation circuit for AMOLED displays composed of two TFTs and one capacitor,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 462–467, Mar. 2007.
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[5.3] C. L. Lin and T. T. Tsai, “A novel voltage driving method using 3-TFT pixel circuit for AMOLED,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 489–491, Jun. 2007.
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[5.9] C. L. Lin, W. Y. Chang, C. C. Hung and C. D. Tu, “LTPS-TFT Pixel Circuit to Compensate for OLED Luminance Degradation in Three-Dimensional AMOLED Display,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 700–702, May. 2012.
[5.10] H. J. In and O. K. Kwon, “External compensation of nonuniform electrical characteristics of thin-film transistors and degradation of OLED devices in AMOLED displays,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 377– 379, Apr. 2009.
Chapter 6
[6.1] J. P. Lee, H. S. Jeon, D. S. Moon, and B. S. Bae “Threshold Voltage and IR Drop Compensation of an AMOLED Pixel Circuit Without a VDD Line,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 72–74, (2014).
[6.2] C. L. Lin, W. Y. Chang, C. C. Hung, and C. D. Tu “LTPS-TFT Pixel Circuit to Compensate for OLED Luminance Degradation in Three-Dimensional AMOLED Display,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 700–702, (2012).
[6.3] C. L. Lin, W. Y. Chang, and C. C. Hung, “Compensating pixel circuit driving AMOLED display with a-IGZO TFTs,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 1166–1168, (2013).