太陽能是一種綠色、可再生的能源，具有巨大的潛力成為未來能源供應的重要來源。隨著全球能源需求的不斷增長和對氣候變化的關注，太陽能技術的發展、應用和開發變得越來越重要。在眾多太陽能技術中，平板式太陽能集熱器作為一種重要的太陽能應用設備，其進步應用和發展刻不容緩，其簡單而有效的設計使其在不同應用場景中廣泛使用，包括家庭熱水供應、游泳池加熱、工業熱水供應等。
本研究建立一個太陽能熱水系統，利用平板式太陽能集熱器 (Flat plate solar collector, FPSC)、儲水桶、循環水泵、流量計和溫度控制器組成，因有添加馬達並設置溫差控制，所以將此系統視為強制循環式液態型的太陽能集熱器，並蒐集當時位置的環境參數和量測其出入口水溫，以便於後續對水溫和效率做驗證與探討。
本研究對平板式太陽能集熱器做熱傳遞分析，分析平板式太陽能集熱器內部各層結構之間及外部與環境間所產生的熱傳遞機制，以及各個熱傳遞機制的熱流方向，並根據能量守恆定律與集總容量法建立熱模型，接著將熱模型等效轉換為電流迴路，分析各個電路元件適用性，再透過求解電路的方式(克希荷夫電流定律)，依序建立平板式太陽能集熱器各層結構的熱平衡方程式，再將所有方程以聯立方程方式寫入MATLAB，接著將所蒐集的環境參數 (日照量、溫度、風速) 輸入至模型，即可預測各層結構動態溫度，然而透過計算性能參數得知效率值。
最後通過實際的平板式太陽能集熱器實驗和動態模型的預測驗證，得出以下結果：在三天的實驗中，水溫的絕對誤差分別為2.07%、1.51%和2.6%。這些實驗的效率測試結果分別為54%、56%和57%，與動態模型預測結果的趨勢相符，且誤差率均在5%以內。同時，可觀察到使用矩形立管的效率稍高於圓形立管的情況。

Solar energy is a green and renewable energy which has great potential to become an important source of energy supply in the future. With the increasing global energy demand and concerns about climate change, the development and application of solar energy technology have become more and more important. Among numerous solar energy technologies, as an important solar energy application equipment, the flat-plate solar collector has an urgent demand for progress and development. It’s simple and effective design makes it widely used in different application scenarios, including home hot water supply, swimming pool heating, industrial hot water supply and so on.
This study constructs a solar water heating system, which consists of a flat-plate solar collector, a water storage tank, a circulating water pump, a flow meter and a temperature controller. With a motor and temperature difference control, this system is regarded as a forced circulation liquid type solar collector, and the environmental parameters of the location at that time are collected and the water temperatures at the inlet and outlet are measured, so as to verify and discuss the water temperature and efficiency later.
This study analyzes the heat transfer of the flat-plate solar collector, analyzes the heat transfer mechanisms between the internal layers of the flat-plate solar collector and between the exterior and the environment, as well as the heat flow direction of each heat transfer mechanism, and builds a thermal model according to the law of energy conservation and the lumped capacity method. Afterwards, the thermal model is equivalently converted into a current circuit to analyze the applicability of the circuit components, the heat balance equations of the structures on various layers of the flat-plate solar collector are established by solving the circuit (Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws), and then all the equations are written into MATLAB in the form of simultaneous equations, and the collected environmental parameters (insolation, temperature, wind speed) are imported into the model, so as to predict the dynamic temperature of the structure on each layer, and the efficiency value can be obtained by calculating the performance parameter.
Finally, the following results are obtained from the experiments on an actual flat-plate solar collector and the prediction verification of the dynamic model: In the 3-day experiment, the absolute errors of the water temperature were 2.07%, 1.51% and 2.6%. The efficiency test results of these experiments were 54%, 56% and 57%, which were consistent with the trend of the dynamic model prediction results, and the error rates were within 5%. Additionally, it can be observed that the efficiency of using rectangular vertical pipes is higher than that of using circular vertical pipes.

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