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研究生： 王麗華
Li-Hua Wang
論文名稱： 以稻殼灰吸附水溶液中重金屬離子的研究
Adsorptions of Heavy Metals Ions from Aqueous Solution using Rice Hull Ash
指導教授： 林俊一
Chun-I Lin
口試委員: 侯萬善
Wain-Sun Hou
李達源
Day-Yuan Lee
劉志成
Jhy-Chern Liu
吳豐智
none
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 化學工程系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 231
中文關鍵詞： 吸附 、重金屬 、稻殼灰 、恆溫吸附 、吸附動力
外文關鍵詞： adsorption, heavy meta, rice hull ash, isotherm, kinetic
相關次數： 點閱：311  下載：8 
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    • 本論文報告如何導演單部位模式及雙部位模式的吸附速率式及吸附等溫式和以稻殼灰分別吸附水溶液中鉻(III)離子、鉛(II) 離子、銅(II) 離子及鎘(II)離子的實驗結果。
    理論計算結果發現，在特定的 (或 )、 和 的範圍內，單部位模式及雙部位模式的速率式可分別以擬一階模式及擬二階模式者近似之。另外，我們也發現單部位模式的吸附等溫式與Langmuir者一樣。
    實驗結果發現，以去除速率的觀點來看，稻殼灰是極好的吸附劑。若由平衡去除量來看，稻殼灰是去除鎘離子、鉛離子和銅離子的良好吸附劑；但是去除鉻離子的效率只是可接受而已。
    另外，我們發現降低稻殼灰劑量或提高離子起始濃度都有利於這些金屬離子的去除。在吸附鉻離子、鉛離子及銅離子的情況下，pH值小於5.4時，去除速率及平衡去除量不受pH值的影響；但pH=6時，其吸附加快及平衡吸附量加大。但在吸附鎘離子時，pH值則完全不會改變去除速率及平衡去除量。在吸附鉻離子和鉛離子的情況下，振盪速率愈大，吸附愈好，但超過120stroke/min時，振盪速率沒有作用；吸附銅離子和鎘離子時，振盪速率對吸附效能完全沒有影響。吸附鉻離子和鉛離子時，吸附溫度上升會提升吸附效能，但在吸附銅離子和鎘離子的情況下，則完全沒有效應。
    Freundlich吸附等溫式及Langmuir吸附等溫式都適用於吸附鉻離子、鉛離子及鎘離子。但只有Freundlich等溫式適合於吸附銅離子。
    擬二階速率式可合適的迴歸本研究中之四種吸附系統動力學數據；在本文中迴歸出四條描述重金屬離子去除量與吸附時間關係的方程式。

    Theoretical formulation of the rate equations and the isotherms for two adsorption models i.e., single site model and dual site model and the experimental results of separate adsorptions of chromium (III) ion, lead (II) ion, copper (II) ion and cadmium (II) ion from aqueous solution using rice hull ash are reported in this thesis.
    The calculated results indicated that the rate equation of single site model and dual site model could be approximated by those of pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model in a limited ranges of the values of (or ), and , respectively. The adsorption isotherm of single site model was found to be same as that of Langmuir model.
    Experimental results indicated that rice hull ash was excellent adsorbent for adsorbing these metals ions in view of the rate of removals. It was also a good adsorbent to remove cadmium ion, lead ion and copper ion based on the judgment of percentage removal of heavy metal at equilibrium while it was only acceptable to remove chromium ion.
    It was found that the rate of removal and the removal at equilibrium could be increased by decreasing the rice hull ash dosage and increasing the initial heavy metal concentration for adsorbing these metals ions. The rate of removal and removal at equilibrium were found not to be influenced by pH value when it was below 5.4 for adsorbing chromium ion, lead ion and copper ion. But, when it was over 6, the removal was accelerated. The pH value, however, was not able to affect the removal for adsorbing cadmium ion. The increase of stroke speed was found to increase the removal when it was lower than 120 stroke/min while it did not affect the removal when it was over this value for the case of adsorbing chromium ion and lead ion. But, stroke speed had no effect on the removal for adsorbing copper ion and cadmium ion. The increase of adsorption temperature was also found to enhance the removal for adsorbing chromium ion and lead ion, whereas it had no effect for adsorbing copper ion and cadmium ion.
    Adsorption isotherms of Freundlich and Langmuir were found to be suitable for adsorptions of these metals ions except adsorption of copper ion in which only Freundlich isotherm was proper.
    Pseudo-second-order rate expression were found to interpret the kinetic data of the adsorption systems of present study properly and four empirical equations were determined to relate the removal and the adsorption time.

    中文摘要 I 英文摘要 III 誌　　謝 V 目 錄 V II 符號索引 X I V 圖表索引 X VII 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2.1 吸附劑 3 2.2 廢水 4 2.3 以吸附法移除水溶液中重金屬的相關研究 6 2.4 吸附原理 7 2.4.1 吸附動力學 26 2.4.2 吸附熱力學 33 2.4.3 吸附速率式 43 第三章 單部位模式及雙部位模式的理論推演 49 3.1 單部位模式 49 3.1.1 吸附速率式 50 3.1.2 吸附等溫線 56 3.2 雙部位模式 57 3.2.1 吸附速率式 57 3.2.2 吸附等溫式 60 3.3 討論 62 第四章 實驗部份 63 4.1 氣體與藥品 63 4.1.1 氣體 63 4.1.2 藥品 63 4.1.3 吸附劑 64 4.2 實驗設備與儀器 65 4.2.1 實驗設備 66 4.2.2 實驗儀器 67 4.3 實驗內容 69 4.4 實驗原理及步驟 69 4.4.1 吸附劑的製備 69 4.4.1.1 活性碳 71 4.4.1.2 活性白土 71 4.4.1.3 高爐熔渣 71 4.4.1.4 高爐粉塵 71 4.4.1.5 飛灰 72 4.4.1.6 再生白土 72 4.4.1.7 稻殼灰 72 4.4.1.8 ZnO廢觸媒 73 4.4.2 吸附劑成份及物理性質之測定 74 4.4.2.1 感應耦合電漿質譜儀之量測 74 4.4.2.2 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡之量測 75 4.4.2.3 表面積測定儀之量測 75 4.4.2.4 密度測定儀之量測 76 4.4.2.5 粒徑分析儀之量測 78 4.4.2.6 pH計之量測 78 4.4.3 含重金屬離子水溶液的調配 80 4.4.3.1 吸附質的配製 80 4.4.3.2 吸附質的pH測定 81 4.4.4 吸附實驗 81 4.4.4.1 吸附動力學實驗 81 4.4.4.2 吸附熱力學的實驗 82 4.4.5 水溶液中重金屬離子濃度的量測 83 4.4.5.1 標準液配製的步驟 83 4.4.5.2 重金屬離子濃度的測定步驟 84 第五章 吸附劑成份及物理性質的量測結果與討論 85 5.1 感應耦合電漿質譜儀之量測結果 85 5.2 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡之量測結果 85 5.3 表面積測定儀之量測結果 85 5.4 密度測定儀之量測結果 94 5.5 粒徑分析儀之量測結果 94 5.6 pH計之量測結果 95 第六章 不同吸附劑吸附廢水中不同重金屬的結果與討論 96 6.1 去除鉻離子 98 6.2 去除鉛離子 99 6.3 去除銅離子 100 6.4 去除鎘離子 102 6.5 去除鎳離子 103 6.6 綜合討論 105 6.7 結論 105 第七章 稻殼灰吸附水溶液中鉻(III)離子的實驗結果與討論 107 7.1 吸附動力學 109 7.2 吸附熱力學 119 7.2.1 吸附等溫式 119 7.2.2 熱力學參數 120 7.3 吸附速率式 124 7.4 結論 130 第八章 稻殼灰吸附水溶液中鉛(II)離子的實驗結果與討論 132 8.1 吸附動力學 133 8.2 吸附熱力學 143 8.2.1 吸附等溫式 143 8.2.2 熱力學參數 143 8.3 吸附速率式 146 8.4 結論 149 第九章 稻殼灰吸附水溶液中銅(II)離子的實驗結果與討論 152 9.1 吸附動力學 153 9.2 吸附熱力學 161 9.2.1 吸附等溫式 161 9.2.2 熱力學參數 164 9.3 吸附速率式 165 9.4 結論 167 第十章 稻殼灰吸附水溶液中鎘(II)離子的實驗結果與討論 170 10.1 吸附動力學 171 10.2 吸附熱力學 180 10.2.1 吸附恆溫式 180 10.2.2 熱力學參數 180 10.3 吸附速率方程式 183 10.4 結論 186 第十一章 總結論 188 第十二章 建議 190 參考文獻 192 附錄一 實驗數據 205 附錄二 單部位模式及雙部位模式理論推演時所用到的程式 231 作者簡介 232

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