本實驗係由微波電漿化學氣相層積法製備直立式石墨烯奈米牆，成長於可撓式碳布基材及奈米靜電紡絲所製奈米碳纖維，作為超級電容中的電極材料。透過製程氣體(矽烷、氫氣和甲烷)比例及時間調控，成功製備具有高比表面積的石墨烯奈米牆陣列，此活性電極材料亦能進而藉由氮原子摻雜來強化電容量、能量密度及功率密度。
將成長於可撓式碳布基材上的石墨烯奈米牆應用於超級電容，以硫酸水溶液作為電解液時，在1.14 A/g時電容量可達275.9 F/g，能量密度76.6 Wh/kg，功率密度1.10 kW/kg；在氮原子摻雜進石墨烯奈米牆之後，在14.8 A/g時電容量可提升至991.6 F/g，能量密度275.4 Wh/kg，功率密度14.8 kW/kg。然則真正對於超級電容效能有貢獻的，只有電極材料最外層的石墨烯，僅占電極上的活性材料重量7%。為此，開發極輕、可撓又導電的碳基材便是超級電容邁向更高效能的關鍵。利用奈米靜電紡絲製備的奈米碳纖維相較於一般碳布，單位面積重量降低98.5 %、整體厚度變薄92.7%、纖維直徑縮減96.9%。超級電容效能在13.33 A/g時電容量可達352.53 F/g，能量密度97.94 Wh/kg功率密度13.33 kW/kg。氮摻雜之後的電容量在14.26 A/g高達1548.6F/g，能量密度430.1Wh/kg功率密度14.26 kW/kg。

In this study, the vertically-aligned graphene-based nanowalls were fabricated on flexible carbon cloths and electrospun carbon nanofibers via microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition then applied as the electrode materials of supercapacitors. We have successfully demonstrated a methodology to fabricate graphene nanowall arrays with high specific surface area by manipulating the ratio and growth time of reactant source (SiH4, CH4, and H2), which can be further functionalized by N-doping so as to improve its specific capacitance, energy density, and power density.
For the supercapacitor based on the graphene nanowalls grown on flexible carbon cloths, the specific capacitance can achieve 275.9 F/g with a measured energy density of 76.6 Wh/kg at power density of 1.10 kW/kg at 1.14 A/g in aqueous H2SO4. After N-doping into graphene nanowalls, the specific capacitance can reach 991.6 F/g with a measured energy density of 275.4 Wh/kg at power density of 14.8 kW/kg. However, the supercapacitive performance was mainly contributed from the outmost graphene layer which merely occupied 7 wt% of the active materials of the electrode. In this regard, developing ultralight, flexible, and conductive carbon-based substrate play a crucial role to enhance higher performance of supercapacitors. Compared to commercial carbon cloths, carbon nanofibers reveal 98.5% reduced in normalized weight, 92.7% thinner in apparent thickness, and 96.9% smaller in fiber diameter. The specific capacitance can achieve 352.53 F/g with a measured energy density of 97.94 Wh/kg at power density of 13.33 kW/kg at 13.33 A/g in aqueous H2SO4. After N-incorporation into the active materials, the specific capacitance can reach 1548.6 F/g with a measured energy density of 430.1 Wh/kg at power density of 14.26 kW/kg.

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