具有標靶性及緩控釋性多種功能的藥物傳輸體系，有助於實現腫瘤的標靶治療，並將毒副作用降低到較低的水平。當脂質體載體運送藥物至目的後，需將藥物由載體中釋出才得以發揮藥效。因此近年研究設計脂質體載體的組成，希望藉由內在的刺激或外在的刺激，促使到達目的的脂質體載體加速將藥物釋放。載體的藥物釋放可由內在的刺激（包括pH值，酶的濃度或氧化還原梯度）和外在的刺激（包括溫度變化，磁場，超聲強度，光或電脈衝）或二者的刺激使經特別設計的載體釋出藥物送到人體特定的器官。
此研究的第一部分是製備pH敏感的脂質體,透過雙性幾丁聚醣(Chitosonic® Acid，CA）的表面修飾。表面修飾後的脂質體研究分析是透過透射電子顯微鏡，X射線光電子光譜，傅利葉變換紅外光譜，動態光散射， 界達電位，接觸角和螢光顯微鏡。TEM及介達電位分析結果表明CA-修飾脂質體為奈米尺度及表面為正電。熒光和共聚焦顯微鏡分析結果表明CA-修飾脂質體增強滲透性和滯留效應和細胞內化。此外，在較低的pH環境,低於生力pH值 (7.4) CA-修飾脂質體釋放更多的小紅莓 (doxorubicin)。體外細胞毒性試驗表明，CA-修飾脂質體對於哺乳動物細胞沒有細胞毒性。這些結果表明，CA-修飾脂質體可以作為內在pH敏感性釋放系統，並可用於癌症治療（較低的pH環境中可釋放抗癌藥物）
此研究的第二部分是製備有磁性的脂質體。在這項研究中，將親水性的磁性奈米顆粒和小紅莓抗癌藥包覆在脂質體裡,以提供磁特性和化學療法的效果。利用高頻磁場（high-frequency magnetic field）的外在刺激做為外部標靶性導引和藥物釋放的機制。藥物載體的細胞毒性實驗結果顯示, 磁性脂質體對哺乳動物細胞無毒性作用。此外，組合包覆小紅莓的磁性特質與HFMF的治療降低大腸癌（CT-26）的細胞存活率。這些結果表明，結合化療和熱療透過HFMF可是一個有效的策略來殺死癌細胞。

Selective, targeted and controlled drug release have been received greatest attention in the drug delivery system to get the desirable therapeutic activity of the disease treatment. In this respect, development of drug carriers system that could release the contents of encapsulated drug or moiety as the response to the stimuli is urgently needed to achieve the optimum disease treatment. Intrinsic stimuli-triggered release mechanism (including pH, enzyme concentration or redox gradients) and extrinsic stimuli-triggered release mechanism (including variations in temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound intensity, light or electric pulses) or the combination of both stimuli-triggered mechanisms could be used to achieve the optimum controlled specific drug release at the specific targeted pathological sites.
The first part of this research is focused on the development of pH-sensitive liposomes through surface modification of liposomes using carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan (Chitosonic® Acid, CA). The resultant of CA-modified liposomes was investigated using transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta (ζ) potential, contact angle and fluorescence microscope. TEM observation and zeta (ζ) potential measurements revealed that CA-modified liposomes were developed in nanometer scale and positive surface charges, respectively. These properties provide an enhanced permeability and retention effects and arising cellular internalization as revealed by fluorescence and confocal microscope observation. Furthermore, CA-modified liposomes exhibited an enhancement of doxorubicin release in the lower pH environment instead of in the physiological pH. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that the CA-modified liposomes exhibited no cytotoxicity to the normal mammalian cells. These result suggested that CA-modified liposomes could offer the intrinsically pH-sensitivity release-system which is promising for cancer therapy (lower pH environment).
The second part is focused on the development of magnetic-sensitive liposomes. In this study, the aqueous stable magnetic nanoparticles and doxorubicin, an anticancer drug, have been encapsulated in the liposomes compartment to provide the magnetic properties and chemotherapy effect, respectively. High-frequency magnetic field (HFMF) exposure was used as a modality to provide the externally-targeting guided and drug release-triggered mechanism, simultaneously. In vitro cytotoxicity assay of drug carrier against normal mammalian cell revealed that this drug carrier platform exhibited no cytotoxicity towards mammalian cell. Furthermore, the combination of doxorubicin-loaded magnetic liposomes with HFMF treatment decreasing the colorectal cancer (CT-26) cell viability. These result suggested that this combination of chemotherapy and thermotherapy through HFMF could be a promising strategies to killing the cancer cells.

[1] Abraham, S. A., Waterhouse, D. N., Mayer, L. D., Cullis, P. R., Madden, T. D., & Bally, M. B. (2005). The Liposomal Formulation of Doxorubicin. In D. Nejat (Ed.). Methods Enzymol (Vol. Volume 391, pp. 71-97): Academic Press.
[2] Abreu, A. S., Castanheira, E. M., Queiroz, M. J., Ferreira, P. M., Vale-Silva, L. A., & Pinto, E. (2011). Nanoliposomes for encapsulation and delivery of the potential antitumoral methyl 6-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6(1), 482.
[3] Abu Lila, A. S., Eldin, N. E., Ichihara, M., Ishida, T., & Kiwada, H. (2012). Multiple administration of PEG-coated liposomal oxaliplatin enhances its therapeutic efficacy: a possible mechanism and the potential for clinical application. Int J Pharm, 438(1-2), 176-183.
[4] Agarwal, A., Mackey, M. A., El-Sayed, M. A., & Bellamkonda, R. V. (2011). Remote Triggered Release of Doxorubicin in Tumors by Synergistic Application of Thermosensitive Liposomes and Gold Nanorods. ACS Nano, 5(6), 4919-4926.
[5] Agnihotri, S. A., Mallikarjuna, N. N., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2004). Recent advances on chitosan-based micro- and nanoparticles in drug delivery. J Control Release, 100(1), 5-28.
[6] Agrawal, A. K., Harde, H., Thanki, K., & Jain, S. (2014). Improved Stability and Antidiabetic Potential of Insulin Containing Folic Acid Functionalized Polymer Stabilized Multilayered Liposomes Following Oral Administration. Biomacromolecules, 15(1), 350-360.
[7] Akbarzadeh, A., Rezaei-Sadabady, R., Davaran, S., Joo, S. W., Zarghami, N., Hanifehpour, Y., Samiei, M., Kouhi, M., & Nejati-Koshki, K. (2013). Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Research Letters, 8(1), 102.
[8] Akbarzadeh, A., Samiei, M., & Davaran, S. (2012). Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, physical properties, and applications in biomedicine. Nanoscale Research Letters, 7, 144.
[9] Alexiou, C., Arnold, W., Klein, R. J., Parak, F. G., Hulin, P., Bergemann, C., Erhardt, W., Wagenpfeil, S., & Lubbe, A. S. (2000). Locoregional cancer treatment with magnetic drug targeting. Cancer Res, 60(23), 6641-6648.
[10] Allam, A., Sadat, M., Potter, S., Mast, D., Mohamed, D., Habib, F., & Pauletti, G. (2013). Stability and magnetically induced heating behavior of lipid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Nanoscale Research Letters, 8(1), 1-7.
[11] Amaral, I. F., Granja, P. L., & Barbosa, M. A. (2005). Chemical modification of chitosan by phosphorylation: an XPS, FT-IR and SEM study. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 16(12), 1575-1593.
[12] Andresen, T. L., Jensen, S. S., & Jrgensen, K. (2005). Advanced strategies in liposomal cancer therapy: Problems and prospects of active and tumor specific drug release. Progress in Lipid Research, 44(1), 68-97.
[13] Andriyanov, A. V., Koren, E., Barenholz, Y., & Goldberg, S. N. (2014). Therapeutic efficacy of combining pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and radiofrequency (RF) ablation: comparison between slow-drug-releasing, non-thermosensitive and fast-drug-releasing, thermosensitive nano-liposomes. PLoS One, 9(5), e92555.
[14] Babincová, M., Čičmanec, P., Altanerová, V., Altaner, Č., & Babinec, P. (2002). AC-magnetic field controlled drug release from magnetoliposomes: design of a method for site-specific chemotherapy. Bioelectrochemistry, 55(1–2), 17-19.
[15] Bang, S. H., Hwang, I. C., Yu, Y. M., Kwon, H. R., Kim, D. H., & Park, H. J. (2011). Influence of chitosan coating on the liposomal surface on physicochemical properties and the release profile of nanocarrier systems. J Microencapsul, 28(7), 595-604.
[16] Bangham, A. D., Standish, M. M., & Watkins, J. C. (1965). Negative Staining of Phospholipids and their Structural Modification by Surface-active agents asobserved in the electron microscope J. Mol. Biol, 13, 238-252.
[17] Bertrand, N., Fleischer, J. G., Wasan, K. M., & Leroux, J. C. (2009). Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers for the design of pH-sensitive liposomes. Biomaterials, 30(13), 2598-2605.
[18] Biswas, S., Dodwadkar, N. S., Deshpande, P. P., Parab, S., & Torchilin, V. P. (2013). Surface functionalization of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes with octa-arginine for enhanced anticancer activity. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 84(3), 517-525.
[19] Bolfarini, G. C., Siqueira-Moura, M. P., Demets, G. J., Morais, P. C., & Tedesco, A. C. (2012). In vitro evaluation of combined hyperthermia and photodynamic effects using magnetoliposomes loaded with cucurbituril zinc phthalocyanine complex on melanoma. J Photochem Photobiol B, 115, 1-4.
[20] Castanheira, E. M., Carvalho, M. S., Rodrigues, A. R., Calhelha, R. C., & Queiroz, M. J. (2011). New potential antitumoral fluorescent tetracyclic thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives: interaction with DNA and nanosized liposomes. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6(1), 379.
[21] Chakrabarty, T., & Shahi, V. K. (2014). Modified chitosan-based, pH-responsive membrane for protein separation. RSC Advances, 4(95), 53245-53252.
[22] Chazotte, B. (2011). Labeling nuclear DNA using DAPI. Cold Spring Harb Protoc, 2011(1), pdb.prot5556.
[23] Chen, Y., Bose, A., & Bothun, G. D. (2010). Controlled Release from Bilayer-Decorated Magnetoliposomes via Electromagnetic Heating. ACS Nano, 4(6), 3215-3221.
[24] Cheraghipour, E., Tamaddon, A. M., Javadpour, S., & Bruce, I. J. (2013). PEG conjugated citrate-capped magnetite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 328, 91-95.
[25] Chien, Y., Liao, Y. W., Liu, D. M., Lin, H. L., Chen, S. J., Chen, H. L., Peng, C. H., Liang, C. M., Mou, C. Y., & Chiou, S. H. (2012). Corneal repair by human corneal keratocyte-reprogrammed iPSCs and amphiphatic carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan hydrogel. Biomaterials, 33(32), 8003-8016.
[26] Conde, A. J., Batalla, M., Cerda, B., Mykhaylyk, O., Plank, C., Podhajcer, O., Cabaleiro, J. M., Madrid, R. E., & Policastro, L. (2014). Continuous flow generation of magnetoliposomes in a low-cost portable microfluidic platform. Lab on a Chip, 14(23), 4506-4512.
[27] Dan, M., Scott, D. F., Hardy, P. A., Wydra, R. J., Hilt, J. Z., Yokel, R. A., & Bae, Y. (2013). Block copolymer cross-linked nanoassemblies improve particle stability and biocompatibility of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Pharm Res, 30(2), 552-561.
[28] De Cuyper, M., Soenen, S. J. H., Coenegrachts, K., & Beek, L. T. (2007). Surface functionalization of magnetoliposomes in view of improving iron oxide-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents: Anchoring of gadolinium ions to a lipophilic chelate. Analytical Biochemistry, 367(2), 266-273.
[29] de Sousa, M. E., Fernández van Raap, M. B., Rivas, P. C., Mendoza Zélis, P., Girardin, P., Pasquevich, G. A., Alessandrini, J. L., Muraca, D., & Sánchez, F. H. (2013). Stability and Relaxation Mechanisms of Citric Acid Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117(10), 5436-5445.
[30] De, U., Chun, P., Choi, W. S., Lee, B. M., Kim, N. D., Moon, H. R., Jung, J. H., & Kim, H. S. (2014). A novel anthracene derivative, MHY412, induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Adr human breast cancer cells through cell cycle arrest and downregulation of P-glycoprotein expression. Int J Oncol, 44(1), 167-176.
[31] Di Corato, R., Béalle, G., Kolosnjaj-Tabi, J., Espinosa, A., Clément, O., Silva, A. K. A., Ménager, C., & Wilhelm, C. (2015). Combining Magnetic Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy for Tumor Ablation with Photoresponsive Magnetic Liposomes. ACS Nano.
[32] Ding, X., Cai, K., Luo, Z., Li, J., Hu, Y., & Shen, X. (2012). Biocompatible magnetic liposomes for temperature triggered drug delivery. Nanoscale, 4(20), 6289-6292.
[33] Du, H., Cui, C., Wang, L., Liu, H., & Cui, G. (2011). Novel tetrapeptide, RGDF, mediated tumor specific liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) preparations. Mol Pharm, 8(4), 1224-1232.
[34] Everaerts, F., Torrianni, M., Hendriks, M., & Feijen, J. (2007). Quantification of carboxyl groups in carbodiimide cross-linked collagen sponges. J Biomed Mater Res A, 83(4), 1176-1183.
[35] Fortin-Ripoche, J. P., Martina, M. S., Gazeau, F., Menager, C., Wilhelm, C., Bacri, J. C., Lesieur, S., & Clement, O. (2006). Magnetic targeting of magnetoliposomes to solid tumors with MR imaging monitoring in mice: feasibility. Radiology, 239(2), 415-424.
[36] Garcia-Jimeno, S., Escribano, E., Queralt, J., & Estelrich, J. (2012). External magnetic field-induced selective biodistribution of magnetoliposomes in mice. Nanoscale Research Letters, 7(1), 452.
[37] Gibis, M., Vogt, E., & Weiss, J. (2012). Encapsulation of polyphenolic grape seed extract in polymer-coated liposomes. Food Funct, 3(3), 246-254.
[38] Gradauer, K., Vonach, C., Leitinger, G., Kolb, D., Frohlich, E., Roblegg, E., Bernkop-Schnurch, A., & Prassl, R. (2012). Chemical coupling of thiolated chitosan to preformed liposomes improves mucoadhesive properties. Int J Nanomedicine, 7, 2523-2534.
[39] Grcic, J. F., Basnet, N. S., & Jalsenjak, I. (2001). Mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes- characteristics and stability. J. Microencapsulation, 18(1), 3-12.
[40] Grotzky, A., Manaka, Y., Fornera, S., Willeke, M., & Walde, P. (2010). Quantification of α-polylysine: a comparison of four UV/Vis spectrophotometric methods. Anal Methods, 2(10), 1448.
[41] Guo, H., Chen, W., Sun, X., Liu, Y.-N., Li, J., & Wang, J. (2015). Theranostic magnetoliposomes coated by carboxymethyl dextran with controlled release by low-frequency alternating magnetic field. Carbohydrate Polymers, 118(0), 209-217.
[42] Guo, J., Pinga, Q., Jiang, G., Huanga, L., & Tonga, Y. (2003). Chitosan-coated liposomes: characterization and interaction with leuprolide. Int J Pharm, 260(2), 167-173.
[43] Gupta, A. K., & Gupta, M. (2005). Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials, 26(18), 3995-4021.
[44] Hamaguchi, S., Tohnai, I., Ito, A., Mitsudo, K., Shigetomi, T., Ito, M., Honda, H., Kobayashi, T., & Ueda, M. (2003). Selective hyperthermia using magnetoliposomes to target cervical lymph node metastasis in a rabbit tongue tumor model. Cancer Sci, 94(9), 834-839.
[45] Han, H. K., Shin, H. J., & Ha, D. H. (2012). Improved oral bioavailability of alendronate via the mucoadhesive liposomal delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci, 46(5), 500-507.
[46] Hao-Yu, T., Chen-Yi, L., Ying-Hsia, S., Xi-Zhang, L., & Gwo-Bin, L. (2007). Localized heating of tumor cells utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 2007. IEEE-NANO 2007. 7th IEEE Conference on (pp. 969-974).
[47] Hardiansyah, A., Huang, L. Y., Yang, M. C., Liu, T. Y., Tsai, S. C., Yang, C. Y., Kuo, C. Y., Chan, T. Y., Zou, H. M., Lian, W. N., & Lin, C. H. (2014). Magnetic liposomes for colorectal cancer cells therapy by high-frequency magnetic field treatment. Nanoscale Research Letters, 9(1), 497.
[48] Hayashi, K., Ono, K., Suzuki, H., Sawada, M., Moriya, M., Sakamoto, W., & Yogo, T. (2010). High-frequency, magnetic-field-responsive drug release from magnetic nanoparticle/organic hybrid based on hyperthermic effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2(7), 1903-1911.
[49] Henriksen, I., Smistad, G., & Karlsen, J. (1994). Interactions between liposomes and chitosan. Int J Pharm, 101, 227-236.
[50] Hsiao, M.-H., Tung, T.-H., Hsiao, C.-S., & Liu, D.-M. (2012). Nano-hybrid carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane for camptothecin delivery. Carbohydrate Polymers, 89(2), 632-639.
[51] Hsiao, M. H., Lin, K. H., & Liu, D. M. (2013). Improved pH-responsive amphiphilic carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) macromolecules for biomedical applications. Soft Matter, 9(8), 2458.
[52] Hu, S.-H., Chen, S.-Y., Liu, D.-M., & Hsiao, C.-S. (2008). Core/Single-Crystal-Shell Nanospheres for Controlled Drug Release via a Magnetically Triggered Rupturing Mechanism. Advanced Materials, 20(14), 2690-2695.
[53] Hu, S.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Huang, H.-Y., Liu, D.-M., & Chen, S.-Y. (2007). Magnetic-Sensitive Silica Nanospheres for Controlled Drug Release. Langmuir, 24(1), 239-244.
[54] Hu, S.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Liu, D.-M., & Chen, S.-Y. (2007a). Controlled Pulsatile Drug Release from a Ferrogel by a High-Frequency Magnetic Field. Macromolecules, 40(19), 6786-6788.
[55] Hu, S.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Liu, D.-M., & Chen, S.-Y. (2007b). Nano-ferrosponges for controlled drug release. Journal of Controlled Release, 121(3), 181-189.
[56] Huang, L. Y., Liu, T. Y., Liu, T. Y., Mevold, A., Hardiansyah, A., Liao, H. C., Lin, C. C., & Yang, M. C. (2013). Nanohybrid structure analysis and biomolecule release behavior of polysaccharide-CDHA drug carriers. Nanoscale Research Letters, 8(1), 417.
[57] Huang, Q., Zhang, L., Sun, X., Zeng, K., Li, J., & Liu, Y.-N. (2014). Coating of carboxymethyl dextran on liposomal curcumin to improve the anticancer activity. RSC Advances, 4(103), 59211-59217.
[58] Ishida, T., Kirchmeier, M. J., Moase, E. H., Zalipsky, S., & Allen, T. M. (2001). Targeted delivery and triggered release of liposomal doxorubicin enhances cytotoxicity against human B lymphoma cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1515(2), 144-158.
[59] Ito, A., Matsuoka, F., Honda, H., & Kobayashi, T. (2003). Heat shock protein 70 gene therapy combined with hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles. Cancer Gene Ther, 10(12), 918-925.
[60] Ito, A., Nakahara, Y., Fujioka, M., Kobayashi, T., Takeda, K., Nakashima, I., & Honda, H. (2005). Complete Regression of Hereditary Melanoma in a Mouse Model by Repeated Hyperthermia Using Magnetite Cationic Liposomes. Thermal Medicine(Japanese Journal of Hyperthermic Oncology), 21(3), 139-149.
[61] Ito, A., Shinkai, M., Honda, H., & Kobayashi, T. (2005). Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. J Biosci Bioeng, 100(1), 1-11.
[62] Jain, S., Patil, S. R., Swarnakar, N. K., & Agrawal, A. K. (2012). Oral delivery of doxorubicin using novel polyelectrolyte-stabilized liposomes (layersomes). Mol Pharm, 9(9), 2626-2635.
[63] Joshi, N., Saha, R., Shanmugam, T., Balakrishnan, B., More, P., & Banerjee, R. (2013). Carboxymethyl-chitosan-tethered lipid vesicles: hybrid nanoblanket for oral delivery of paclitaxel. Biomacromolecules, 14(7), 2272-2282.
[64] Jung, S., Na, K., Lee, S., Cho, S., Seong, H., & Shin, B. (2012). Gd(III)-DOTA-modified sonosensitive liposomes for ultrasound-triggered release and MR imaging. Nanoscale Research Letters, 7(1), 462.
[65] Kawai, N., Futakuchi, M., Yoshida, T., Ito, A., Sato, S., Naiki, T., Honda, H., Shirai, T., & Kohri, K. (2008). Effect of heat therapy using magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with cationic liposomes on prostate tumor in bone. Prostate, 68(7), 784-792.
[66] Kong, G., Anyarambhatla, G., Petros, W. P., Braun, R. D., Colvin, O. M., Needham, D., & Dewhirst, M. W. (2000). Efficacy of liposomes and hyperthermia in a human tumor xenograft model: importance of triggered drug release. Cancer Res, 60(24), 6950-6957.
[67] Kono, K., Ozawa, T., Yoshida, T., Ozaki, F., Ishizaka, Y., Maruyama, K., Kojima, C., Harada, A., & Aoshima, S. (2010). Highly temperature-sensitive liposomes based on a thermosensitive block copolymer for tumor-specific chemotherapy. Biomaterials, 31(27), 7096-7105.
[68] Krajewska, B., Wydro, P., & Jańczyk, A. (2011). Probing the Modes of Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan. Effects of pH and Molecular Weight on Chitosan Interactions with Membrane Lipids in Langmuir Films. Biomacromolecules, 12(11), 4144-4152.
[69] Kubo, T., Sugita, T., Shimose, S., Nitta, Y., Ikuta, Y., & Murakami, T. (2000). Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs with intravenously administered magnetic liposomes in osteosarcoma-bearing hamsters. Int J Oncol, 17(2), 309-315.
[70] Kubo, T., Sugita, T., Shimose, S., Nitta, Y., Ikuta, Y., & Murakami, T. (2001). Targeted systemic chemotherapy using magnetic liposomes with incorporated adriamycin for osteosarcoma in hamsters. Int J Oncol, 18(1), 121-125.
[71] Kulak, A. N., Semsarilar, M., Kim, Y.-Y., Ihli, J., Fielding, L. A., Cespedes, O., Armes, S. P., & Meldrum, F. C. (2014). One-pot synthesis of an inorganic heterostructure: uniform occlusion of magnetite nanoparticles within calcite single crystals. Chemical Science, 5(2), 738.
[72] Kulshrestha, P., Gogoi, M., Bahadur, D., & Banerjee, R. (2012). In vitro application of paclitaxel loaded magnetoliposomes for combined chemotherapy and hyperthermia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 96, 1-7.
[73] Kumar, C. S. S. R., & Mohammad, F. (2011). Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 63(9), 789-808.
[74] Lasic, D. (1992). Mixed micelles in drug delivery. Nature, 355, 279 - 280.
[75] Lasic, D. D. (1998). Novel applications of liposomes. Trends Biotechnol, 16(7), 307-321.
[76] Le, B., Shinkai, M., Kitade, T., Honda, H., Yoshida, J. U. N., Wakabayashi, T., & Kobayashi, T. (2001). Preparation of Tumor-Specific Magnetoliposomes and Their Application for Hyperthermia. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 34(1), 66-72.
[77] Lee, E. S., Kim, J. H., Sim, T., Youn, Y. S., Lee, B.-J., Oh, Y. T., & Oh, K. T. (2014). A feasibility study of a pH sensitive nanomedicine using doxorubicin loaded poly(aspartic acid-graft-imidazole)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) micelles. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2(9), 1152-1159.
[78] Lee, S. M., Liu, K. H., Liu, Y. Y., Chang, Y. P., Lin, C. C., & Chen, Y. S. (2013). Chitosonic® Acid as a Novel Cosmetic Ingredient: Evaluation of its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Hydration Activities. Materials, 6(4), 1391-1402.
[79] Lentacker, I., Geers, B., Demeester, J., De Smedt, S. C., & Sanders, N. N. (2010). Design and evaluation of doxorubicin-containing microbubbles for ultrasound-triggered doxorubicin delivery: cytotoxicity and mechanisms involved. Mol Ther, 18(1), 101-108.
[80] Leroux, J., Roux, E., Le Garrec, D., Hong, K., & Drummond, D. C. (2001). N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers for the preparation of pH-sensitive liposomes and polymeric micelles. J Control Release, 72(1-3), 71-84.
[81] Leung, S. J., & Romanowski, M. (2012). Light-activated content release from liposomes. Theranostics, 2(10), 1020-1036.
[82] Li, H., Ke, F., An, Y., Hou, X., Zhang, H., Lin, M., & Zhang, D. (2013a). Gemcitabine-loaded magnetic albumin nanospheres for cancer chemohyperthermia. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15(3), 1-11.
[83] Li, L., Ahmed, B., Mehta, K., & Kurzrock, R. (2007). Liposomal curcumin with and without oxaliplatin: effects on cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther, 6(4), 1276-1282.
[84] Li, L., Jiang, W., Luo, K., Song, H., Lan, F., Wu, Y., & Gu, Z. (2013b). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents for non-invasive stem cell labeling and tracking. Theranostics, 3(8), 595-615.
[85] Li, L., ten Hagen, T. L. M., Hossann, M., Süss, R., van Rhoon, G. C., Eggermont, A. M. M., Haemmerich, D., & Koning, G. A. (2013c). Mild hyperthermia triggered doxorubicin release from optimized stealth thermosensitive liposomes improves intratumoral drug delivery and efficacy. Journal of Controlled Release, 168(2), 142-150.
[86] Li, N., Zhuang, C., Wang, M., Sun, X., Nie, S., & Pan, W. (2009). Liposome coated with low molecular weight chitosan and its potential use in ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm, 379(1), 131-138.
[87] Lian, T., & Ho, R. J. (2001). Trends and developments in liposome drug delivery systems. J Pharm Sci, 90(6), 667-680.
[88] Lim, E. K., Sajomsang, W., Choi, Y., Jang, E., Lee, H., Kang, B., Kim, E., Haam, S., Suh, J. S., Chung, S. J., & Huh, Y. M. (2013). Chitosan-based intelligent theragnosis nanocomposites enable pH-sensitive drug release with MR-guided imaging for cancer therapy. Nanoscale Research Letters, 8(1), 467.
[89] Liu, K.-H., Chen, B.-R., Chen, S.-Y., & Liu, D.-M. (2009a). Self-Assembly Behavior and Doxorubicin-Loading Capacity of Acylated Carboxymethyl Chitosans. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 113(35), 11800-11807.
[90] Liu, K.-H., Chen, S.-Y., Liu, D.-M., & Liu, T.-Y. (2008). Self-Assembled Hollow Nanocapsule from Amphiphatic Carboxymethyl-hexanoyl Chitosan as Drug Carrier. Macromolecules, 41(17), 6511-6516.
[91] Liu, K. H., Chen, B. R., Chen, S. Y., & Liu, D. M. (2009b). Self-Assembly Behavior and Doxorubicin-Loading Capacity of Acylated Carboxymethyl Chitosans. J. Phys. Chem. B, 113, 11800–11807.
[92] Liu, T.-Y., Hu, S.-H., Liu, D.-M., Chen, S.-Y., & Chen, I. W. (2009). Biomedical nanoparticle carriers with combined thermal and magnetic responses. Nano Today, 4(1), 52-65.
[93] Liu, T.-Y., Hu, S.-H., Liu, K.-H., Liu, D.-M., & Chen, S.-Y. (2006a). Preparation and characterization of smart magnetic hydrogels and its use for drug release. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 304(1), e397-e399.
[94] Liu, T.-Y., Hu, S.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Liu, D.-M., & Chen, S.-Y. (2006b). Magnetic-Sensitive Behavior of Intelligent Ferrogels for Controlled Release of Drug. Langmuir, 22(14), 5974-5978.
[95] Liu, T.-Y., Liu, K.-H., Liu, D.-M., Chen, S.-Y., & Chen, I. W. (2009a). Temperature-Sensitive Nanocapsules for Controlled Drug Release Caused by Magnetically Triggered Structural Disruption. Advanced Functional Materials, 19(4), 616-623.
[96] Liu, T. Y., Chen, S. Y., Li, Y. L., & Liu, D. M. (2006). Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphatic Carboxymethyl-hexanoyl Chitosan Hydrogel-  Water-Retention Ability and Drug Encapsulation. Langmuir, 22, 9740-9745.
[97] Liu, T. Y., Hu, S. H., Liu, K. H., Liu, D. M., & Chen, S. Y. (2008). Study on controlled drug permeation of magnetic-sensitive ferrogels: effect of Fe3O4 and PVA. J Control Release, 126(3), 228-236.
[98] Liu, T. Y., Hu, S. H., Liu, K. H., Shaiu, R. S., Liu, D. M., & Chen, S. Y. (2008). Instantaneous drug delivery of magnetic/thermally sensitive nanospheres by a high-frequency magnetic field. Langmuir, 24(23), 13306-13311.
[99] Liu, T. Y., & Lin, Y. L. (2010). Novel pH-sensitive chitosan-based hydrogel for encapsulating poorly water-soluble drugs. Acta Biomater, 6(4), 1423-1429.
[100] Liu, T. Y., Liu, K. H., Liu, D. M., Chen, S. Y., & Chen, I. W. (2009b). Temperature-Sensitive Nanocapsules for Controlled Drug Release Caused by Magnetically Triggered Structural Disruption. Advanced Functional Materials, 19(4), 616-623.
[101] Liu, T. Y., Liu, T. Y., Chen, S. Y., Chen, S. C., & Liu, D. M. (2006). Effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on ibuprofen release from carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan/O-hexanoyl chitosan hydrogel. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 6(9-10), 2929-2935.
[102] Luengo, Y., Nardecchia, S., Morales, M. P., & Serrano, M. C. (2013). Different cell responses induced by exposure to maghemite nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 5(23), 11428-11437.
[103] Mady, M. M., & Darwish, M. M. (2010). Effect of chitosan coating on the characteristics of DPPC liposomes. Journal of Advanced Research, 1(3), 187-191.
[104] Mady, M. M., Fathy, M. M., Youssef, T., & Khalil, W. M. (2012). Biophysical characterization of gold nanoparticles-loaded liposomes. Phys Med, 28(4), 288-295.
[105] Mady, M. M., Shafaa, M. W., Abbase, E. R., & Fahium, A. H. (2012). Interaction of doxorubicin and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. Cell Biochem Biophys, 62(3), 481-486.
[106] Marie, H., Lemaire, L., Franconi, F., Lajnef, S., Frapart, Y.-M., Nicolas, V., Frébourg, G., Trichet, M., Ménager, C., & Lesieur, S. (2015). Superparamagnetic Liposomes for MRI Monitoring and External Magnetic Field-Induced Selective Targeting of Malignant Brain Tumors. Advanced Functional Materials, n/a-n/a.
[107] Marten, G. U., Gelbrich, T., & Schmidt, A. M. (2010). Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems. Beilstein J Org Chem, 6, 922-931.
[108] Martina, M. S., Fortin, J. P., Menager, C., Clement, O., Barratt, G., Grabielle-Madelmont, C., Gazeau, F., Cabuil, V., & Lesieur, S. (2005). Generation of superparamagnetic liposomes revealed as highly efficient MRI contrast agents for in vivo imaging. J Am Chem Soc, 127(30), 10676-10685.
[109] Martina, M. S., Nicolas, V., Wilhelm, C., Menager, C., Barratt, G., & Lesieur, S. (2007). The in vitro kinetics of the interactions between PEG-ylated magnetic-fluid-loaded liposomes and macrophages. Biomaterials, 28(28), 4143-4153.
[110] Martina, M. S., Wilhelm, C., & Lesieur, S. (2008). The effect of magnetic targeting on the uptake of magnetic-fluid-loaded liposomes by human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Biomaterials, 29(30), 4137-4145.
[111] Matsuoka, F., Shinkai, M., Honda, H., Kubo, T., Sugita, T., & Kobayashi, T. (2004). Hyperthermia using magnetite cationic liposomes for hamster osteosarcoma. Biomagn Res Technol, 2(1), 3.
[112] Meledandri, C. J., Ninjbadgar, T., & Brougham, D. F. (2011). Size-controlled magnetoliposomes with tunable magnetic resonance relaxation enhancements. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(1), 214-222.
[113] Mertins, O., & Dimova, R. (2011). Binding of chitosan to phospholipid vesicles studied with isothermal titration calorimetry. Langmuir, 27(9), 5506-5515.
[114] Mizoue, T., Horibe, T., Maruyama, K., Takizawa, T., Iwatsuru, M., Kono, K., Yanagie, H., & Moriyasu, F. (2002). Targetability and intracellular delivery of anti-BCG antibody-modified, pH-sensitive fusogenic immunoliposomes to tumor cells. Int J Pharm, 237(1–2), 129-137.
[115] Moghimi, S. M., Hunter, A. C., & Murray, J. C. (2001). Long-circulating and target-specific nanoparticles: theory to practice. Pharmacol Rev, 53(2), 283-318.
[116] Montalbetti, C. A. G. N., & Falque, V. (2005). Amide bond formation and peptide coupling. Tetrahedron, 61(46), 10827-10852.
[117] Nam, K., Kimura, T., & Kishida, A. (2008). Controlling Coupling Reaction of EDC and NHS for Preparation of Collagen Gels Using Ethanol/Water Co-Solvents. Macromol Biosci, 8(1), 32-37.
[118] Nguyen, T. X., Huang, L., Liu, L., Elamin Abdalla, A. M., Gauthier, M., & Yang, G. (2014). Chitosan-coated nano-liposomes for the oral delivery of berberine hydrochloride. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2(41), 7149-7159.
[119] Nie, Y., Ji, L., Ding, H., Xie, L., Li, L., He, B., Wu, Y., & Gu, Z. (2012). Cholesterol derivatives based charged liposomes for doxorubicin delivery: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization. Theranostics, 2(11), 1092-1103.
[120] Nigam, S., Kumar, A., Thouas, G. A., Bahadur, D., & Chen, Q. (2013). Curcumin Delivery Using Magnetic Liposomes. Journal of Nanopharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 1(4), 365-375.
[121] Nobuto, H., Sugita, T., Kubo, T., Shimose, S., Yasunaga, Y., Murakami, T., & Ochi, M. (2004). Evaluation of systemic chemotherapy with magnetic liposomal doxorubicin and a dipole external electromagnet. Int J Cancer, 109(4), 627-635.
[122] Ogawara, K.-i., Un, K., Tanaka, K.-i., Higaki, K., & Kimura, T. (2009). In vivo anti-tumor effect of PEG liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) in DOX-resistant tumor-bearing mice: Involvement of cytotoxic effect on vascular endothelial cells. Journal of Controlled Release, 133(1), 4-10.
[123] Otake, K., Shimomura, T., Goto, T., Imura, T., Furuya, T., Yoda, S., Takebayashi, Y., Sakai, H., & Abe, M. (2006). One-step preparation of chitosan-coated cationic liposomes by an improved supercritical reverse-phase evaporation method. Langmuir, 22(9), 4054-4059.
[124] Paliwal, S. R., Paliwal, R., Pal, H. C., Saxena, A. K., Sharma, P. R., Gupta, P. N., Agrawal, G. P., & Vyas, S. P. (2011). Estrogen-Anchored pH-Sensitive Liposomes as Nanomodule Designed for Site-Specific Delivery of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm, 9(1), 176-186.
[125] Patil, R., Portilla-Arias, J., Ding, H., Konda, B., Rekechenetskiy, A., Inoue, S., Black, K. L., Holler, E., & Ljubimova, J. Y. (2012). Cellular Delivery of Doxorubicin via pH-Controlled Hydrazone Linkage Using Multifunctional Nano Vehicle Based on Poly(beta-L-Malic Acid). Int J Mol Sci, 13(9), 11681-11693.
[126] Peer, D., Karp, J. M., Hong, S., Farokhzad, O. C., Margalit, R., & Langer, R. (2007). Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nat Nano, 2(12), 751-760.
[127] Peer, D., & Margalit, R. (2004a). Loading mitomycin C inside long circulating hyaluronan targeted nano-liposomes increases its antitumor activity in three mice tumor models. Int J Cancer, 108(5), 780-789.
[128] Peer, D., & Margalit, R. (2004b). Tumor-targeted hyaluronan nanoliposomes increase the antitumor activity of liposomal Doxorubicin in syngeneic and human xenograft mouse tumor models. Neoplasia, 6(4), 343-353.
[129] Peng, H., Li, W., Ning, F., Yao, L., Luo, M., Zhu, X., Zhao, Q., & Xiong, H. (2014). Amphiphilic chitosan derivatives-based liposomes: synthesis, development, and properties as a carrier for sustained release of salidroside. J Agric Food Chem, 62(3), 626-633.
[130] Peng, Z., Wang, C., Fang, E., Lu, X., Wang, G., & Tong, Q. (2014). Co-delivery of doxorubicin and SATB1 shRNA by thermosensitive magnetic cationic liposomes for gastric cancer therapy. PLoS One, 9(3), e92924.
[131] Prabaharan, M. (2008). Review paper: chitosan derivatives as promising materials for controlled drug delivery. J Biomater Appl, 23(1), 5-36.
[132] Pradhan, P., Giri, J., Rieken, F., Koch, C., Mykhaylyk, O., Doblinger, M., Banerjee, R., Bahadur, D., & Plank, C. (2010). Targeted temperature sensitive magnetic liposomes for thermo-chemotherapy. J Control Release, 142(1), 108-121.
[133] Qiang, F., Shin, H. J., Lee, B. J., & Han, H. K. (2012). Enhanced systemic exposure of fexofenadine via the intranasal administration of chitosan-coated liposome. Int J Pharm, 430(1-2), 161-166.
[134] Qiu, D., & An, X. (2013). Controllable release from magnetoliposomes by magnetic stimulation and thermal stimulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 104, 326-329.
[135] Racuciu, M., Creanga, D. E., & Airinei, A. (2006). Citric-acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles for biological applications. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter, 21(2), 117-121.
[136] Radović, M., Vranješ-Đurić, S., Nikolić, N., Janković, D., Goya, G. F., Torres, T. E., Calatayud, M. P., Bruvera, I. J., Ibarra, M. R., Spasojević, V., Jančar, B., & Antić, B. (2012). Development and evaluation of 90Y-labeled albumin microspheres loaded with magnetite nanoparticles for possible applications in cancer therapy. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(45), 24017.
[137] Riganti, C., Voena, C., Kopecka, J., Corsetto, P. A., Montorfano, G., Enrico, E., Costamagna, C., Rizzo, A. M., Ghigo, D., & Bosia, A. (2011). Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin reverses drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in human cancer cells. Mol Pharm, 8(3), 683-700.
[138] Rikken, R. S. M., Nolte, R. J. M., Maan, J. C., van Hest, J. C. M., Wilson, D. A., & Christianen, P. C. M. (2014). Manipulation of micro- and nanostructure motion with magnetic fields. Soft Matter, 10(9), 1295-1308.
[139] Roux, E., Stomp, R., Giasson, S., Pezolet, M., Moreau, P., & Leroux, J. C. (2002). Steric Stabilization of Liposomes by pH-Responsive N-Isopropylacrylamide Copolymer. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 91(8), 1795-1802.
[140] Rudra, A., Deepa, R. M., Ghosh, M. K., Ghosh, S., & Mukherjee, B. (2010). Doxorubicin-loaded phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated nanoliposomes: in vitro characterization and their accumulation in liver, kidneys, and lungs in rats. Int J Nanomedicine, 5, 811-823.
[141] Sahoo, Y., Goodarzi, A., Swihart, M. T., Ohulchanskyy, T. Y., Kaur, N., Furlani, E. P., & Prasad, P. N. (2005). Aqueous Ferrofluid of Magnetite Nanoparticles:  Fluorescence Labeling and Magnetophoretic Control. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109(9), 3879-3885.
[142] Sawant, R. R., & Torchilin, V. P. (2010). Liposomes as 'smart' pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Soft Matter, 6(17), 4026-4044.
[143] Shi, J., Xiao, Z., Kamaly, N., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2011). Self-Assembled Targeted Nanoparticles: Evolution of Technologies and Bench to Bedside Translation. Accounts of Chemical Research, 44(10), 1123-1134.
[144] Shinkai, M., Le, B., Honda, H., Yoshikawa, K., Shimizu, K., Saga, S., Wakabayashi, T., Yoshida, J., & Kobayashi, T. (2001). Targeting hyperthermia for renal cell carcinoma using human MN antigen-specific magnetoliposomes. Jpn J Cancer Res, 92(10), 1138-1145.
[145] Shinkai, M., Suzuki, M., Iijima, S., & Kobayashi, T. (1995). Antibody-conjugated magnetoliposomes for targeting cancer cells and their application in hyperthermia. Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 21 ( Pt 2), 125-137.
[146] Shokrollahi, H. (2013). Structure, synthetic methods, magnetic properties and biomedical applications of ferrofluids. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 33(5), 2476-2487.
[147] Shroff, K., & Kokkoli, E. (2012). PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Targeted to α5β1-Expressing MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Langmuir, 28(10), 4729-4736.
[148] Simoes, S., Moreira, J. N., Fonseca, C., Duzgunes, N., & de Lima, M. C. (2004). On the formulation of pH-sensitive liposomes with long circulation times. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 56(7), 947-965.
[149] Stauffer, P. R., Cetas, T. C., Fletcher, A. M., DeYoung, D. W., Dewhirst, M. W., Oleson, J. R., & Roemer, R. B. (1984). Observations on the use of ferromagnetic implants for inducing hyperthermia. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 31(1), 76-90.
[150] Suzuki, T., Fujikura, K., Higashiyama, T., & Takata, K. (1997). DNA staining for fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem, 45(1), 49-53.
[151] Szasz, O. (2013). Renewing Oncological Hyperthermia—Oncothermia. Open Journal of Biophysics, 03(04), 245-252.
[152] Tai, L. A., Tsai, P. J., Wang, Y. C., Wang, Y. J., Lo, L. W., & Yang, C. S. (2009). Thermosensitive liposomes entrapping iron oxide nanoparticles for controllable drug release. Nanotechnology, 20(13), 135101.
[153] Tarasova, A. O., Vision Science, F. o. S. U., Tarasova, A. O., & Vision Science, F. o. S. U. (2007). Fabrication and characterisation of affinity-bound liposomes.
[154] Tarnowski, B. I., Spinale, F. G., & Nicholson, J. H. (1991). DAPI as a Useful Stain for Nuclear Quantitation. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 66(6), 296-302.
[155] Thorn, C. F., Oshiro, C., Marsh, S., Hernandez-Boussard, T., McLeod, H., Klein, T. E., & Altman, R. B. (2011). Doxorubicin pathways: pharmacodynamics and adverse effects. Pharmacogenet Genomics, 21(7), 440-446.
[156] Todaro, M., Francipane, M. G., Medema, J. P., & Stassi, G. (2010). Colon cancer stem cells: promise of targeted therapy. Gastroenterology, 138(6), 2151-2162.
[157] Torchilin, V. P. (2005). Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 4(2), 145-160.
[158] Ulrich, A. S. (2002). Biophysical aspects of using liposomes as delivery vehicles. Biosci Rep, 22(2), 129-150.
[159] Urban, P., Estelrich, J., Adeva, A., Cortes, A., & Fernandez-Busquets, X. (2011). Study of the efficacy of antimalarial drugs delivered inside targeted immunoliposomal nanovectors. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6, 620.
[160] Wang, C., Wu, C., Zhou, X., Han, T., Xin, X., Wu, J., Zhang, J., & Guo, S. (2013). Enhancing Cell Nucleus Accumulation and DNA Cleavage Activity of Anti-Cancer Drug via Graphene Quantum Dots. Sci. Rep., 3.
[161] Wang, Y.-J., Chien, Y.-C., Wu, C.-H., & Liu, D.-M. (2011). Magnolol-Loaded Core–Shell Hydrogel Nanoparticles: Drug Release, Intracellular Uptake, and Controlled Cytotoxicity for the Inhibition of Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mol Pharm, 8(6), 2339-2349.
[162] Wang, Y.-J., Lin, H.-Y., Wu, C.-H., & Liu, D.-M. (2012). Forming of Demethoxycurcumin Nanocrystallite-Chitosan Nanocarrier for Controlled Low Dose Cellular Release for Inhibition of the Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mol Pharm, 9(8), 2268-2279.
[163] Wang, Y. W., Jou, C. H., Hung, C. C., & Yang, M. C. (2012). Cellular fusion and whitening effect of a chitosan derivative coated liposome. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 90, 169-176.
[164] Watts, G. Alec Douglas Bangham. The Lancet, 375(9731), 2070.
[165] Wu, J., Lee, A., Lu, Y., & Lee, R. J. (2007). Vascular targeting of doxorubicin using cationic liposomes. Int J Pharm, 337(1-2), 329-335.
[166] Wu, Z. H., Ping, Q. N., Wei, Y., & Lai, J. M. (2004). Hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 25(7), 966-972.
[167] Xu, P., Bajaj, G., Shugg, T., Van Alstine, W. G., & Yeo, Y. (2010). Zwitterionic chitosan derivatives for pH-sensitive stealth coating. Biomacromolecules, 11(9), 2352-2358.
[168] Yanase, M., Shinkai, M., Honda, H., Wakabayashi, T., Yoshida, J., & Kobayashi, T. (1998). Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes: an in vivo study. Jpn J Cancer Res, 89(4), 463-469.
[169] Yang, F.-Y., Wong, T.-T., Teng, M.-C., Liu, R.-S., Lu, M., Liang, H.-F., & Wei, M.-C. (2012). Focused ultrasound and interleukin-4 receptor-targeted liposomal doxorubicin for enhanced targeted drug delivery and antitumor effect in glioblastoma multiforme. Journal of Controlled Release, 160(3), 652-658.
[170] Yang, S. R., Lee, H. J., & Kim, J.-D. (2006). Histidine-conjugated poly(amino acid) derivatives for the novel endosomolytic delivery carrier of doxorubicin. Journal of Controlled Release, 114(1), 60-68.
[171] Yerushalmi, N., Arad, A., & Margalit, R. (1994). Molecular and cellular studies of hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes as bioadhesive carriers for topical drug delivery in wound healing. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 313(2), 267-273.
[172] Yerushalmi, N., & Margalit, R. (1998). Hyaluronic acid-modified bioadhesive liposomes as local drug depots: effects of cellular and fluid dynamics on liposome retention at target sites. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 349(1), 21-26.
[173] Yoshida, M., Sato, M., Yamamoto, Y., Maehara, T., Naohara, T., Aono, H., Sugishita, H., Sato, K., & Watanabe, Y. (2012). Tumor local chemohyperthermia using docetaxel-embedded magnetoliposomes: Interaction of chemotherapy and hyperthermia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 27(2), 406-411.
[174] Yoshida, M., Watanabe, Y., Sato, M., Maehara, T., Aono, H., Naohara, T., Hirazawa, H., Horiuchi, A., Yukumi, S., Sato, K., Nakagawa, H., Yamamoto, Y., Sugishita, H., & Kawachi, K. (2010). Feasibility of chemohyperthermia with docetaxel-embedded magnetoliposomes as minimally invasive local treatment for cancer. Int J Cancer, 126(8), 1955-1965.
[175] Yu, S., Wu, G., Gu, X., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Gao, H., & Ma, J. (2013). Magnetic and pH-sensitive nanoparticles for antitumor drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 103, 15-22.
[176] Yuan, Y., & Lee, T. R. (2013a). Contact Angle and Wetting Properties. 51, 3-34.
[177] Yuan, Y., & Lee, T. R. (2013b). Contact Angle and Wetting Properties. In G. Bracco & B. Holst (Eds.). Surface Science Techniques (Vol. 51, pp. 3-34): Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
[178] Yuba, E., Harada, A., Sakanishi, Y., & Kono, K. (2011). Carboxylated hyperbranched poly(glycidol)s for preparation of pH-sensitive liposomes. J Control Release, 149(1), 72-80.
[179] Zhang, J., & Wang, S. (2009). Topical use of coenzyme Q10-loaded liposomes coated with trimethyl chitosan: tolerance, precorneal retention and anti-cataract effect. Int J Pharm, 372(1-2), 66-75.
[180] Zhang, X., Liu, B., Yang, Z., Zhang, C., Li, H., Luo, X., Luo, H., Gao, D., Jiang, Q., Liu, J., & Jiang, Z. (2014). Micelles of enzymatically synthesized PEG-poly(amine-co-ester) block copolymers as pH-responsive nanocarriers for docetaxel delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 115, 349-358.
[181] Zhao, W., Zhang, H., Lu, T., Liu, W., Ma, Y., & Chen, T. (2013). Electrostatic self-assembly: An innovative approach to fabricate novel-structured magnetic liposomes. Applied Surface Science, 265(0), 101-107.
[182] Zhu, A. P., Fang, N., Chan-Park, M. B., & Chan, V. (2005). Interaction between O-carboxymethylchitosan and dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer. Biomaterials, 26(34), 6873-6879.