固定在醋酸纖維素和纖維素為基材的奈米纖維膜上的聚六亞甲基雙胍的抗菌活性研究：使用和不使用反應性綠 19 染料作為偶聯劑

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研究生：	Dinh Thi My Huong Dinh Thi My Huong
論文名稱：	固定在醋酸纖維素和纖維素為基材的奈米纖維膜上的聚六亞甲基雙胍的抗菌活性研究：使用和不使用反應性綠 19 染料作為偶聯劑 A study on the antibacterial activity of poly(hexamethylene biguanide) immobilized on cellulose acetate and cellulose-based nanofiber membranes: With and without reactive green 19 dye as a coupling reagent
指導教授：	蔡伸隆 Shen-Long Tsai 張煜光 Yu-Kaung Chang
口試委員:	張煜光 Yu-Kaung Chang 王勝仕 Sheng-Shih Wang 藍祺偉 Chi-Wei Lan 李振綱 Cheng-Kang Lee 蔡伸隆 Shen-Long Tsai
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 化學工程系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2023
畢業學年度：	112
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	126
中文關鍵詞：	奈米纖維膜、醋酸纖維素、再生纖維素、聚六亞甲基雙胍、抗菌活性、大腸桿菌、反應性染料
外文關鍵詞：	Nanofiber membrane, Cellulose acetate, Regenerated cellulose, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide), Antibacterial activity, E.coli, Reactive dye
相關次數：	點閱：340 下載：0
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廣泛研究了固定聚六亞甲基雙胍(PHMB)未染色/染色醋酸纖維素及纖維素奈米纖維膜的抗菌性能。這項研究使用靜電紡絲生產醋酸纖維素 (CA) 奈米纖維膜，在鹼性溶液中水解形成再生纖維素(RC) 奈米纖維膜。然後將兩種類型的奈米纖維膜與 PHMB 固定以生產 CA-PHMB 和 RC-PHMB 奈米纖維膜。結果表明，固定PHMB使奈米纖維膜的抗菌功效（AE，％）從CA-PHMB奈米纖維膜的65.67％增加到86.13％，將RC-PHMB奈米纖維膜從35.09％增加到100％。根據化學和物理特性，抗菌功效受到 CA 奈米纖維去乙醯化、表面電荷和 PHMB 密度的顯著影響。 RC-PHMB 奈米纖維膜在大腸桿菌作用 10 分鐘後表現出 100% AE。此外，即使在儲存20天後，RC-PHMB奈米纖維膜的AE仍保持在100%左右，證明了固定在RC奈米纖維膜上的PHMB的穩定性。
染色抗菌膜 CA-RG19-PHMB 和 RC-RG19-PHMB 奈米纖維膜是透過反應性綠 19 染料 (RG19) 處理 CA 和 RC 奈米纖維膜，然後用 PHMB 固定它們來增強抗菌活性而製成的。CA-RG19-PHMB 奈米纖維膜在 5 mg/ml RG19處理3小時，0.004 (mg/ml) PHMB處理15分鐘，僅在 10 分鐘左右對大腸桿菌達100% AE。 RC-RG19-PHMB奈米纖維膜在1 mg/ml RG19處理3小時和0.003 (mg/ml) PHMB處理15分鐘，在2小時左右對大腸桿菌達100% AE 。儲存 60 天後，兩種膜均保留 100% AE，並在五個測試週期後顯示相似的結果。這些發現顯示CA-RG19-PHMB和RC-RG19-PHMB奈米纖維膜是有效且耐用的抗菌材料，適合各種應用。總之，這些結果表明，新型RC-PHMB奈米纖維膜作為抗菌材料在生物醫學應用、食品包裝產業以及水過濾或處理方面具有廣闊的前景。

The antibacterial properties of undyed/dyed cellulose acetate/cellulose nanofiber membranes immobilized with poly(hexamethylene biguanide) were extensively studied. This study used electrospinning to produce cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber membranes hydrolyzed in an alkaline solution to create regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofiber membranes. Both nanofiber membranes were immobilized with PHMB to produce CA-PHMB and RC-PHMB nanofiber membranes. Results revealed that immobilizing PHMB increased the antibacterial efficacy (AE, %) of the nanofiber membranes from 65.67% to 86.13% for CA-PHMB nanofiber membranes and from 35.09% to 100% for RC-PHMB nanofiber membranes. Antibacterial efficacy was significantly influenced by CA nanofiber deacetylation, surface charge, and PHMB density based on chemical and physical properties. RC-PHMB nanofiber membrane demonstrated 100% AE after 10 min with E. coli.
Furthermore, the AE of the RC-PHMB nanofiber membrane remained around 100% even after 20 days of storage, demonstrating the stability of PHMB immobilized on the RC nanofiber membrane. Colored antibacterial membranes, CA-RG19-PHMB and RC-RG19-PHMB nanofiber membranes, were created by treating CA and RC nanofiber membranes with reactive green 19 dye (RG19) before immobilizing them with PHMB to enhance antibacterial activity. CA-RG19-PHMB nanofiber membrane, treated with 5 mg/ml RG19 for 3 h and 0.004 (mg/ml) PHMB for 15 min, achieving 100% AE against E. coli in only 10 min. RC-RG19-PHMB nanofiber membrane, treated with 1 mg/ml RG19 for 3 h and 0.003 (mg/ml) PHMB for 15 min, achieving 100% AE against E. coli in 2 h. After 60 days of storage, both membranes retained 100% AE and displayed similar results after five testing cycles. These findings indicate that CA-RG19-PHMB and RC-RG19-PHMB nanofiber membranes are effective and durable antibacterial materials suitable for various applications. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the novel RC-PHMB nanofiber membranes hold great promise as antibacterial materials for biomedical applications, the food packaging industry, and water filtration or treatment.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION	1
1. Background	1
2. Aim and objectives of the study	3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS	5
1. Overview of cellulose electrospun nanofiber and antibacterial applications	5
1.1. Cellulose electrospun nanofibers	5
1.2. Antibacterials applications of cellulose-based electrospinning nanofiber	6
2. Overview of PHMB	7
2.1. PHMB –A next-generation biocide	7
2.2. The application of PHMB for antibacterial products	9
2.3. Overview of studies on incorporation of PHMB on cellulose materials	11
3. The incorporation of PHMB and undyed/dyed cellulose-based nanofiber	14
CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGIES	16
1. Materials	16
1.1. Cellulose acetate material	16
1.2. Reactive green 19 dye	16
1.3. Polymer hexamethylene biguanides	17
1.4. Other chemicals	17
2. Modification processes	17
2.1. Electrospinning process to produce CA electrospun membrane	17
2.2. Hydrolysis process to convert CA to RC membrane	18
2.3. Reactive green 19 dye Immobilization	18
2.4. PHMB immobilization	19
3. Physical properties analysis	20
4. Antibacterial properties assay	20
5. Cytotoxicity assay	21
CHAPTER 4
Physical properties and antibacterial activities of the cellulose acetate and regenerated cellulose nanofibers immobilized with poly (hexamethylene biguanide)	22
1. Physical properties of the novel nanofiber membranes	22
1.2. Morphology of nanofiber membranes	22
1.2. FTIR analysis	22
1.3. Thermal stability of the novel membranes	25
1.4. Surface wettability	26
1.5. Surface charge of nanofiber membranes	27
1.6. Mechanical properties	31
2. Antibacterial Properties	32
2.1. Qualitative and quantitative results	32
2.2. Hydrolysis time of CA	34
2.3. Immobilization of PHMB and antibacterial efficacy	38
2.4. Effect of E. coli contact time	41
2.5. Effect of the bacterial cell concentration	42
3. Stability of the PHMB-modified nanofiber	43
3.1. Release of the immobilized PHMB	43
3.2. Storage stability and reusability of the PHMB attached nanofiber	43
4. Cytotoxicity tests	45
5. Remarks on the RC-PHMB nanofiber membrane as an antibacterial material	48
6. Conclusion	49
CHAPTER5
Physical properties and antibacterial activities of the cellulose acetate nanofiber immobilized with reactive green 19 dye and poly (hexamethylene biguanide)	50
1. Physical properties	50
1.1. Surface morphology analysis of the novel membranes	50
1.2. FTIR spectra of the nanofiber membranes	51
1. 3. Thermal stability analysis of the novel membranes	52
1.4. Mechanical properties of the novel membranes	53
2. Antibacterial performance of the nanofiber membranes	54
2.1. Qualitative and quantitative results	54
2.2. Effect of the immobilization density of dye on the antibacterial efficiency	57
2.3. Effect of the immobilized density of PHMB on the antibacterial activity	61
2.4. Kinetic of E. coli killing of the CA-RG19-PHMB membrane	63
3. Stability of the antibacterial activity of the CA-RG19-PHMB membrane	65
4. Cell viability and cytotoxicity	66
5. Conclusion	68
CHAPTER 6
Physical properties and Antibacterial activities of the regenerated cellulose nanofiber immobilized with Reactive green 19 dye and Poly (hexamethylene biguanide)	69
1. Physical properties	69
1.1. Surface morphology analysis of the novel membranes	69
1.2. FTIR spectra	71
1.3. Thermal stability	72
1.4. Mechanical properties	73
2. Antibacterial properties	74
2.1. Antibacterial performance and efficient of cellulose nanofiber membranes	74
2.1. Effect of the hydrolysis time on the Dye immobilization and PHMB immobilization	76
2.2. Effect of the dyeing process	77
2.2.1. Effect of RG19 concentration on PHMB immobilization and AE of RC membrane	77
2.2.2. Kinetic of RG10 immobilization of RC membrane	80
2.3. Isotherms and Immobilization kinetics of PHMB	81
2.3.1. Isotherms of PHMB immobilization on RC-RG19 membranes	81
2.3.2. Effect of PHMB concentration on the AE of RC-RG19-PHMB membrane	84
2.3.3. Kinetic of PHMB immobilization on the RC-RG19 membrane	85
2.4. Kinetic of E. coli killing of RC-RG19-PHMB membrane	87
3. PHMB leaching study	88
4. Cytotoxicity	89
5. Conclusion	92
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS	93
1. Remark on the antibacterial performance of undyed/dyed cellulose-based electrospun nanofiber membranes immobilized with PHMB	93
2. Conclusion	94

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全文公開日期 2028/11/08 (校內網路)
全文公開日期 2038/11/08 (校外網路)
全文公開日期 2033/11/08 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)

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