以擴展型卡爾曼濾波器(Extended Kalman Fulter,EKF) 為基礎所提出之估測器,
因具有雜訊免疫及線上即時估測之能力, 在已知文獻上廣被泛運用於電池之估測, 但鮮
少用於超級電容之估測。在此, 隨著嵌入式系統(Embedded system) 之運算速度增進,
擴展型卡爾曼濾波器之演算可以在短時間內被完成。在超級電容之模型與熱效應模型建
立下, 以電流與端電壓為量測, 以達到超級電容state of charge(SOC) 與溫度動態之即
時估測。
本研究中, 以不同熱傳條件: 絕熱、常溫、低溫以及不同之充放電頻率範圍(18mHz-
0.25Hz) 做測試, 皆得到良好SOC 與溫度估測結果; 並以ADVISOR 模擬New York
City Cycles (NYCC) 之行程電流充放電行程, 其代表在紐約城市低速之交通狀況, 對
超級電容做實際應用上的測試, 並得到良好的結果。
實驗結果可得, 以卡爾曼濾波器為基礎之即時估測, 可以有效的估算出超級電容之
SOC 與溫度動態之狀態, 未來可增加估測之狀態或以即時估測之數值做即時控制。

The noise immunity and real time estimation ability of Extended Kalman filter
(EKF) based observer lead to a popular application in the battery estimation,
but rarely used in the supercapacitor. The enhanced computation of the embedded
system progresses the algorithm of EKF which shortens the process timing.
In this study,to achieve the purposes which are measuring state of charge (SOC)
and temperature by using the model of supercapacitor with thermal effects. In
addition, the experiment set in three different conditions such as adiabatic, room
temperature and low temperature (-39◦C) then testing by different charge frequency
in range 18mHz to 0.25Hz.Furthermore, test EKF by New York City Cycles
(NYCC).All the experiment results indicated that EKF executes in good performance.
Accomplishment of the supercapacitor’s estimation can be developed in
more states also can control the system in real time by the estimate data in the
future.

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