營造業長年居各產業發生重大職災死亡人數的首位，主要肇因可追溯至現場工作人員的個人不安全行為，為有效降低發生不安全行為的可能性，本研究意在探討「安全教育訓練」、「正念覺察」、「安全氛圍」對於個人行為的影響，並延伸至「未遂事件及職業傷害」以完整研究假設模型。
首先透過文獻回顧確立研究假設與問卷設計，彙整潛在變數間的關係與影響，包括「安全教育訓練」、「正念覺察」、與「安全氛圍」(二階六因子)等；(不)安全行為可區分為「安全參與」、「違反」、「錯誤」，並以「未遂事件和職業傷害」作為評估職業傷害是否會發生的指標，經收斂後共55題問項。分析過程採用信效度分析、驗證性因素、結構方程模型以驗證各變項間之因果關係，與「安全氛圍」的中介與調節效果。當中，「安全氛圍」被視為組織安全管理文化，進而影響個人(不)安全行為以及是否會導致職災事件之發生。
依有效問卷380份的結果顯示，「安全教育訓練」、「正念覺察」與「違反」、「錯誤」呈負相關，進而降低「未遂事件和職業傷害」。「安全氛圍」在「安全教育訓練」、「正念覺察」與「(不)安全行為」的部分關係間扮演了中介、調節的角色，但對「未遂事件和職業傷害」的影響有限。上述研究成果可提供給營造業企業與相關政府單位作為參考依據，如欲降低國內營造業「未遂事件和職業傷害」，仍需以強化「安全教育訓練」與提升「正念覺察」為主，可有助降低人員發生職災之可能性。

The construction industry has consistently ranked first in terms of the number of significant occupational accidents and fatalities across various industries. Most construction site accidents involve human unsafe behavior. Worker behavior has become one of the most concerning issues in construction site safety research. Possible factors such as cognitive failure, safety awareness, psychological and consciousness status are often used to clarify the causal relationship of safety behavior in previous studies. To effectively reduce the likelihood of unsafe behaviors, this study investigates the influence of "safety training," "mindfulness," and "safety climate" over individual “safe (or unsafe) behavior” as well as “near-miss incidents and occupational injuries".
The research hypotheses and questionnaire are established by locating the main variables in safety behavior through a literature review. The relationships and influences between latent or observed variables, including "safety training", "mindfulness awareness", "safety climate" (consisting of two dimensions and six factors), “near-miss incidents and occupational injuries" and safe (or unsafe) behavior. Safe (or unsafe) behavior is categorized as "safety participation," "violations," and "errors". A total of 55 questions is remained after validity and reliability analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) are employed to examine the causal relationships between variables and the mediating and moderating effects of "safety climate".
The results of 380 valid questionnaires from constriction site workers reveal that "safety training" and "mindfulness" are negatively correlated with "violations" and "errors," leading to a reduction in "near-miss incidents and occupational injuries". "Safety climate" plays both a mediating and a moderating role between "safety education and training," "mindfulness awareness," and unsafe behavior, but with limited influence on "near-miss incidents and occupational injuries". The findings indicate that to effectively reduce "near-miss incidents and occupational injuries" in the Taiwan construction industry, strengthening "safety education and training" and enhancing "mindfulness awareness" are essential in practice.

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