資訊科技與工藝技術的發展促使現在商品的多樣化及擁有更多管道可供銷售，但也造成盜版商品的猖獗，進而影響消費者的權益，因此，消費者是否能安心購買合法商品便成為重要的議題。

本篇論文提出一個以區塊鏈及RFID技術為基礎的消費者主動偵測物品防偽框架，也為了此框架設計了許多驗證機制，包含以數位簽章結合區塊鏈去驗證使用者身份及RFID標籤的真實性、至廠商的鏈下資料庫查詢此商品當下的銷售狀態以替產品做雙重驗證，此機制能使消費者能夠自主性地發起驗證、確保產品的真實性以讓消費者能安心購買。我們也實作了此框架原型，以驗證此機制的可行性。根據我們的實驗顯示，每個請求的平均時間成本是10.45秒，相信這個等待時間對正在購物的消費者來說都是可以接受的。最後，我們討論了相關的安全分析，並證明我們的框架可以防禦包括重送攻擊、中間人攻擊和使用者偽裝攻擊在內的攻擊，以確保該框架的安全。

The development of information technology and process technology has promoted the diversification of products and the availability of more channels for sale. However, it also causes more and more counterfeit products which affect the rights and interests of consumers. Therefore, whether consumers can buy legal products confidently has become an important issue.
In this thesis, a customer-initiated RFID-based anti-counterfeiting framework for objects using blockchain technology is proposed. We have also designed many verification mechanisms for this framework, including the combination of digital signature and blockchain to verify user identity and RFID tags, and product sales status search in the vendor’s off-chain database to make double-check. This mechanism enables consumers to autonomously initiate verification and ensure the authenticity of products so that consumers can purchase with confidence. We also implement this framework prototype to verify the feasibility of this mechanism. According to our experiment, the average time cost for each request is 10.45 seconds. We believe this time is acceptable to consumers who are shopping. Finally, we discuss related security analysis and prove that our framework can defend against attacks including the replay attack, man-in-the-middle attack, and impersonation attack to ensure the security of this framework.

摘要 I
Abstract II
Acknowledgement III
Table of Contents IV
List of Figures VI
List of Tables VII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objective and Contribution 3
Chapter 2 Preliminaries 5
2.1 Blockchain Technology 5
2.2 Smart Contract 7
2.3 Digital Signature 7
Chapter 3 Literature Review 9
3.1 RFID Applications and Anti-counterfeiting 9
3.2 RFID Applications Using Blockchain 10
Chapter 4 Proposed Framework 12
4.1 Environment Considerations 12
4.2 Assumptions 12
4.3 Role and Architecture 13
4.4 Anti-counterfeiting Protocol 14
4.5 Smart Contracts in the Proposed Framework 23
Chapter 5 Experiment and Analysis 27
5.1 Experimental Environment 27
5.2 Implementation 28
5.3 Performance Analysis 33
5.4 Security Analysis 34
Chapter 6 Conclusion 37
References 38

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