區塊鏈技術具有去中心化、匿名與不可竄改等特性，參與者都持有一份完全相同的交易紀錄，彼此監視並強化信任，使交易有效進行。而競爭法規範的聯合行為通常都是秘密進行，為使聯合行為的協議能夠實施，卡特爾組織除要求成員遵守協議內容，也要防範成員悖離協議，甚至要有處罰違背協議者的機制。因此卡特爾協議利用區塊鏈技術進行運作，則會強化卡特爾的監督機制，成員身分不易被識別且不會悖離協議，甚至透過智能合約調整誘因設計，鞏固共謀協議的穩定性。對執法面的影響則是會使執法機關調查的難度增加，同時降低卡特爾成員申請寬恕政策的意願。因此執法機關可增進區塊鏈技術知識並深入瞭解區塊鏈衍生的問題根源，以強化監管能力；同時加強主動偵測與監督，並提高舉報區塊鏈聯合行為的檢舉獎金，增加卡特爾成員申請寬恕政策的意願。

Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, anonymity and immutability. All blockchain users hold an identical transaction record, monitor each other and strengthen trust, so that transactions can be carried out effectively. Cartels regulated by competition law are usually conducted in secret. In order to effectively implement the collusion agreement, cartel organizations require members to abide by the content of the agreement, and must prevent members from violating the agreement and punish those who violate the agreement. The operation of the cartel agreement using blockchain technology will strengthen the supervision mechanism of the cartel. The identities of the members are not easily identified and will not deviate from the agreement. Adjusting the incentive design through smart contracts can consolidate the stability of the collusion agreement. Therefore, it will increase the difficulty of investigation and supervision, and reduce the willingness of members to apply for a leniency policy. The competition authorities can improve the knowledge of blockchain and understanding of the root causes of blockchain-derived problems. The authorities also can strengthen detection and supervision, increase the whistleblower bonus for reporting blockchain cartel, and increase the willingness of cartel members to apply for a leniency policy.

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