由於原油蘊藏量逐漸減少，再生能源在許多應用上，例如運輸，終將逐漸取代原油。生質柴油為常見之再生能源，可從植物油或多油微生物(酵母、黴菌、細菌)所產之單細胞油為原料而產生。本研究以米糠水解液為原料培養兩種多油酵母 (Y.lipolytica and L. starkeyi) 以生產單細胞油。使用米糠因為它是主要農業副 產物之一，特別是在亞洲。米糠用稀硫酸水解得到可發酵醣。本研究並探討幾種方法對從米糠水解液中去除會影響發酵時生質生長之抑制物之效果。發酵時改變操作條件及發酵模式(一階段或二階段),目標是得到最高脂質含量或脂質產 率。當使用Y. lipolytica 時所得最高生質量及脂質 含量分別為14.3 g/L 及 10%而 使 用 L. starkeyi 時如果是添加葡萄糖餘位去除抑 制物之米糠水解液，則得到 26.2 g/L 及 60.35%；此二值變成 19.8 g/L 及 65.55% 如果酵母菌重新懸浮於葡 萄糖液 中。所得到單細胞油脂之脂肪酸分佈與植物油相似，最多的是棕梠酸 及油酸；是以此單細胞油可做為生產生質柴油之原料。 本研究進一步發現，希 硫酸水解後之乾燥殘留米糠可同時作為生產生質柴油時之料源及觸媒。每克乾殘餘米糠含有大於 1 mmol 之酸位置 (acid sites)。當在次 臨界反應器中進行 2% 或 3%乾 殘餘米 糠之轉酯化時， 即使不使用額外氣體也 可以在短時間內得到 87-89% 脂肪酸甲酯 產率及 94-98% 轉化率。本研究結果 顯示有潛力利用木質 纖 維素來 生產有經濟價 值之產物。

As crude oil reserves dwindle, renewable energies will replace it to fulfill the demand in sectors such as transportation. One of the common renewable and sustainable green energy proposed is biodiesel, which is usually derived from plant oils or single cell oils from oleaginous microorganisms (yeasts, molds, bacteria). In the present study, using rice bran hydrolysate as the nutrient, two oleaginous yeasts (Y. lipolytica and L. starkeyi) were cultured to produce single cell oil. Rice bran was used since it is one of the major-agricultural byproduct, especially in Asia. Dilute sulfuric acid was employed to hydrolyze rice bran into fermentable sugars. A few detoxification methods were tested for removing inhibitors that could inhibit biomass growth during fermentation. Fermentations were carried out by varying conditions and fermentation modes (1 stage and 2 stages) in order to find the best lipid content or lipid productivity. The highest biomass and lipid content obtained by using Y. lipolytica was 14.3 g/L and 10%, respectively. While those values for L. starkeyi, was 26.2 g/L and 60.35% by glucose addition to RBH, and 19.8 g/L and 65.55% by re-suspension in glucose solution. The fatty acids profiles of the single cell oils produced are similar to those of vegetable oils, with the majority being oleic and palmitic acids, thus it has potential as raw material for biodiesel production. Furthermore, dried rice bran residue after dilute acid hydrolysis can be used as both feedstock and acid catalyst for biodiesel production. RB residue was found to have > 1 mmol acid sites/g dry residue. In the in situ transesterification of 2% or 3% RB residue in a SCW reactor, 87-89% FAME yield and 94-98% conversion were obtained without any addition of gas in short reaction time. This study shows the potential of utilizing lignocellulosic biomass to produce more valuable product.

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