由於高齡者人口遽增，台灣已於西元1993年進入高齡化社會。本調查研究的主要目的是在了解高齡者之水平、垂直移動速度通過不同寬度之居室出入口的群流移動行為及速度，以作為老人安養機構逃生避難設計及安全性能檢證之依據。本研究在台北市政府社會局的協助下，在所屬三家安養機構進行調查研究。調查結果顯示能自由行動的高齡者水平移動速度平均為1.12m/ sec，垂直移動速度則分為上、下樓梯兩不同條件，上樓梯平均速度為0.63m/ sec，而下樓梯平均速度為0.69m/ sec。水平移動速度及垂直上下樓梯速度用性別、年齡、退休年齡、教育程度、退休前職業、每日運動時數、體脂等七項因子的影響檢定是否呈顯著性差異，結果在自由行動的高齡者方面發現各項因子與所需時間均無顯著性差異；而柺杖助行的高齡者方面，唯有在性別因子男女二群體產生顯著性差異。另發現各項因子與高齡者下行速度均無顯著性差異；而上行速度方面，唯有在性別因子男女二群體、年齡分類及每日運動時數因子產生顯著性差異。
至於在高齡者通過不同寬度之居室出入口的群流移動行為及速度研究方面，調查結果顯示，因高齡者除行動較為遲緩外，身體活動半徑較大，通過各門寬群流速度值為0.35m/sec~0.38 m/sec 之間，門前密度最大值為3.33人/m2。測試中之群集流量（Q）範圍在1.00~2.20人/m×sec時的結果具代表性，取之分析建議針對高齡者使用建築物以有效流動係數（Neff）值30~35人/分×m，作為性能法規檢證用參考值。觀察上，高齡者通過90㎝門寬時大都由中央走出，一次一人，接序而行。而在120㎝及150㎝門寬時，則有兩人同時走出及一左前一右後接序走出之情況。此時進入大廳則易行偏右。門前聚集通過行為受前者速度及後方壓力之影響，在90㎝門寬上尤為明顯。實驗上，沒有後者超越前者的情況發生，也沒有轉身、閃避、小幅度倒退等行為模式。

Due to a dramatic increase in senior population, Taiwan has become an aging society since 1993. The study aims to identify senior horizontal, vertical walking speed, flow speed, and walking behavior derived from traveling through different width of opening of dwelling and to serve as reference for designing eldercare facilities and conducting an evacuation plan verification inspection. Three senior eldercare facilities under the supervision of Taipei Municipal City Government were chosen as a study area. The results indicate that the average horizontal speed for self-walk senior is 1.12m/ sec and that the average vertical speed is composed of the average stair ascent speed of 0.63m/sec and the average descent speed of 0.69m/ sec. Seven variables, including gender, age, length of retirement, education, occupation before retirement, exercise duration per day, and BMI, are used to test whether they demonstrate significant effects on horizontal speed and vertical speed. The results display that the variables demonstrate no significant effects on walking speed acquired by the physically independent elders, while only the gender variable plays significant difference in walking stick users. The results also display that no significant relationships are found between the variables and the average stair descent speed, but 3 variables-- gender, age, and exercise duration per day demonstrate significant effects on the average stair ascent speed.

As for investigating senior flow speed and walking behavior, the results reveal that their flow speed ranges from 0.35 to 0.38m/sec and the maximum density is 3.33 persons/㎡ because of their sluggish movement and a larger body ellipse required. The results also reveal that the desirable Q value ranges from 1.00 to 2.20 persons/ m× sec. For eldercare facility users, a recommended Neff value ranging from 30 to 35 persons/ m × minute is suggested. Through observation, It is found that the seniors lined up and most of them walked directly through the center when they traveled through a 90-cm-wide opening of dwelling. As for a120-cm-wide opening and a 150- cm-wide opening, both of them allowed either two seniors standing abreast or one leading on the left and the other following on the right to travel through. After traveling through the opening, they veered to the right. It is particularly apparent that senior walking behavior was affected by the walking speed of the preceding one and the pressure from the one standing behind as they traveled through a 90-cm-wide opening. Senior walking behavior patterns such as bypass slow moving, turning around, making changes to their walking paths, or a slight traveling backward were not found in this study.

1. 丁文貞，2001，肥胖與非肥胖國小學童身體活動量與健康體適能之研究，國立體育學院研究論文。
2. 山根千鶴子、後藤義明，1996，高齡．障害にいたわりの住宅改善プラン，株式
会社講談社。
3. 內政部營建署編輯委員會，2000，建築技術規則，營建雜誌社。
4. 日本建設省住宅建築指導課，1995，「新、建築防災計劃指南—建築物的防火、
避難計劃解說書」，日本建築主事會議。
5. 日本建設省住宅建築指導課，2000，「平成12年建築基準法改正(2年目)」，日本建築主事會議。
6. 林慶元、許銘顯、鄭紹材，2001，「老人福利機構避難基礎資料調查研究」，中華
民國建築學會第十三屆建築研究成果發表會論文集。
7. 何明錦、江崇誠，1999，建築物利用實態與人員避難行動特性調查研究（一）--以【百貨商場】為例，內政部建築研究所專題研究計劃成果報告。
8. 何明錦、簡賢文，1999，都市空間大量人群避難行為模式之建構，內政部建築研
究所專題研究計劃成果報告。
9. 涂肇慶、楊靜利，1996，「台灣地區人口轉型與人口老化速度之探討」，人口老化
與老年照護學術研討會論文集。
10. 曾思瑜，2001，日本福祉空間筆記，田園城市文化事業有限公司。
11. 曾國珩，1996，老年保健知識，錦德圖書事業有限公司。
12. 楊逸詠、林慶元，1999，醫療院所避難逃生設計規範之研究，內政部建築研究所專題研究計劃成果報告。
13. 黃富順，1995，老化與健康，師大書苑有限公司。
14. 黃耀榮，1996，老人安養機構建築手冊，內政部建築研究所、內政部社會司。
15. 陳秀珠，1999，老人運動行為及其相關因素研究—以台北市基督長老教會松年
大學五十五歲以上學員為例，國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
16. 蔡秀芬，2001，老人安養機構避難逃生安全設計之研究，淡江大學建築學系碩士論文。
17. 賴以軒，2001，通道與樓梯一般通行及緊急疏散行人流分析與模擬模式建立之研究，國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。
參-1
18. 謝美娥，1993，老人長期照顧的相關論題，桂冠圖書股份有限公司，台北。
19. 2002,”Shades of gray”, Builder（National Association of Home Builders）v.25 no.1（January 2002）p.178,180.
20. Chattopadhyay, Arpita；Marsh,Robert,1999,”Changes in Living arrangement and familial support for the elderly in Taiwan：1963-1991”,Journal of Comparative Family Studies ,v.30 no.3（Summer 1999）p523-537.
21. Cotton, Richard T., 1998, Exercise for Older Adults, Sandiego, California：American
Council On Exercise.
22. Evans,R.E.Blake,1999,”The fabulous fifties：active adult’s new face”, Builder（National Association of Home Builders）v.22 no.6（May 1999）p166-172.
23.John J.Fruin , Ph.D. 1987 , “Pedestrian Planning and design”Revised Edition.
24. Lieberg, phoebe S.2001,”International perspectives on housing frail elders”, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research,v.18 no.3（Aut 2001）p.208-222.
25. MacDonald, Flora and Don Harron., 1999, “Message from the Co-chairs of the
Canada coordinating committee for the international Year of Older Persons”，Canada , a Society for all Ages
26. Rikli, Roberta, C. Jessie Jones, 2001, Senior Fitness Test Manual, United Graphics.
27. Schleimer John, 2001,” Active adults uncovered”, Builder（National Association of Home Builders）v.24 no.2（February2001）p.336-340.
28. Spirduso, Wareen W., 1995, Physical Dimensions of Aging, Braun-Brumfield.
29. Won,Young-Hee；Lee, Gary R.,1999,”Living arrangements of older parents in Korea”, Journal of Comparative Family Studies,v.30 no.2（Spring 1999）p315-328.