本論文主要在研製染料敏化太陽能電池，並鑑定其特性，希望可以發展低成本及高效率的電池，以其能實現染料敏化太陽能電池商業化的目標。
首先，從合成二氧化鈦奈米粒子開始，導入了理論計算方法與X-ray繞射光譜分析來驗證所合成的二氧化鈦奈米粒子的結構為尺寸分佈介於20 nm到30 nm的銳鈦礦(Anatase)結構。在之後的太陽能電池的研究方面，主要進行以下幾項研究。在金屬離子摻雜對染料敏化太陽能電池的影響方面，摻雜碳離子可以增加光電流，摻雜鍶離子，不僅增加光電流也增加光電壓，證實摻雜碳與鍶離子可以有效提升染料敏化太陽能電池的效能。在電解液溶劑對太陽能電池穩定性的影響方面，配置了三種不同溶劑的電解液，並與acetonitrile為溶劑的電解液比較。由分析的結果發現：皆能夠有效降低電池的衰退，其中以3-methoxypropionitrile 穩定性與轉換效率最佳。而在對電極的研究方面，發現以石墨做為對電極可具有白金電極60%的效能。此外，在本論文中並成功的以電化學循環掃描方式均勻的鍍上白金，有效降低白金的使用量，可提供一降低成本，且又能增加白金的有效工作面積的方法。
在光陽極的研究方面，首創以聚四氟乙烯製作染料敏化太陽能電池的二氧化鈦電極結構，從電化學阻抗分析可以看出，相較於傳統使用高分子Polyethylene glycol (PEG)當作黏著劑的電極，可使內電阻下降，並具有高比表面積，且其厚度可以調控在20 m到160 m。此外，染料吸附量隨電極厚度增加而增加。當電極厚度60 m時，可達到最高光電轉換效率9.04%，相較於PEG所製作電極提高了44%。此研究成果不僅提供了可調控厚度與可撓性，也提供了簡單可靠與低成本的電極製造方式。
在本論文中，尚藉由拉曼光譜探討N3染料與二氧化鈦工作電極之間的電子傳輸現象。由結果中可知：二氧化鈦電極的Eg(3)模式的紅位移會隨著二氧化鈦電極緻密層合成溫度增加與轉換效率的提高而增加。在二氧化鈦電極緻密層合成溫度在190℃的時候，具有最高的轉換效率及電流密度。由電化學阻抗分析量測中，發現二氧化鈦電極緻密層合成溫度較高時，具較低的內阻抗。由此可推論在二氧化鈦工作電極的兩層結構中，緻密層扮演比較重要的角色，也發現拉曼光譜為分析二氧化鈦電極非常有效的工具。
最後，評估新型含香豆素基團之有機染料，經吸收光譜與電化學循環掃描分析，可發現將可見光吸收波峰延長增加至578 nm，在此，藉由量測出各種染料的能階變化，並與商業化染料比較，發現所合成之有機染料其轉換效率可達商業化N3染料的45%，達2.84%。且有機染料有不含金屬具有低成本的優勢，未來應用在有機染料敏化太陽能電池上是相當具有發展性。
本研究對染料敏化太陽能電池進行有系統的分析與研究，所開發的聚四氟乙烯結構的工作電極，可以方便的進行大面積製作，並且提供相關領域的研究者一個工作平台，以利於未來發展有機高分子電池或固態太陽能電池。

The objective of this thesis is to fabricate and characterize high efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) at low cost to fit commercial purpose. The nanoparticles of TiO2 used for DSSC were synthesized and characterized to be anatase structure with size distribution from 20 nm to 30 nm. These results were verified by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method.
The doping effect of impurities on the as prepared TiO2 electrode has also been investigated. We have found that the doping effect of carbon increases the photocurrent while both the photocurrent and photo-voltage are increased by doping Sr ion. To understand the effect of solvent on the stability of electrolytes used in DSSC other than acetonitrile, we prepared the electrolyte with three different solvent systems. Although Ethylene carbonate (EC) mixed with diethyl carbonate (DEC) at ratio of 1:1, and propylene carbonate mixed with acetonitrile at ratio of 4:1 showed better stability than acetonitrile, among them 3-methoxypropionitrile showed the best stability with the highest conversion efficiency. To obtain a better counter electrode, four different material and composition were used to compare with platinum. Among those counter electrodes the one fabricated with 100% graphite showed 60% performance of platinum. Smooth thin film of platinum depositing on surface of porosity graphite electrode obtained by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) showed very cost effective with high active area per unit mass of platinum as counter electrode.
A novel architecture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-framed TiO2 electrodes is developed for dye-sensitized solar cells. The PTFE-framed TiO2 electrodes with various thicknesses ranging from 20 to 160 µm with high surface area have been successfully fabricated. From the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the PTFE-framed TiO2 electrodes showed low internal resistance compared to the Polyethylene glycol (PEG) TiO2 electrode. The quantity of dye adsorbed on the PTFE-framed TiO2 electrodes increases with increasing thickness of film. The optimal energy conversion efficiency of 9.04% is achieved at film thickness of 60 µm. The PTFE-framed structure provides not only tunable film thickness but also a cost-effective way for mass production of reliable photo-electrodes.
The charge transfer between N3 dyes and TiO2 electrodes has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The red shift of Eg(3) mode of the TiO2 electrode increases with increasing synthesis temperature of TiO2 nanoparticles used in compact layer. The red shift is also associated with its structure change and conversion efficiency. The maximum charge transfer between N3 dyes and TiO2 electrodes have been obtained for TiO2 nanoparticles, synthesized at 190oC. In the EIS measurements of the DSSC, the internal resistance of the cell decreases with increasing synthesis temperature, suggesting that the electron transfer from N3 dyes into TiO2 electrodes was improved when the TiO2 nanoparticles of compact layer synthesized at higher temperature. Moreover, we have demonstrated that Raman technique is a convenient and useful tool to investigate the charge transfer between N3 dyes and TiO2 electrode and thus the impact on the performance of DSSC. To compare the conversion efficiency with N3 four cheaper organic dyes were synthesized, and characterterized with UV-vis spectrophotometry, Cyclic Voltametry, and performance test respectively. The energy levels of the dyes were calculated using the UV-vis and CV data. These new dyes were used in DSSC and compared with N3 dyes. Although one of the organic dyes shows an overall conversion efficiency of 2.84% which is only 45% of N3 dyes performance, its low cost and metal-free content make the dye a potential candidate in future application.
Finally, the technique to fabricate PTFE-framed TiO2 electrode can be used as a platform for other researchers working on related areas such as organic and solid state solar cell.

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