迄今所有的國內外規範當中，有關於加裝黏性阻尼器之減震房屋結構的建議，僅止於提供添加等效阻尼比之估算公式，對於黏性阻尼器之阻尼常數在房屋結構的豎向分配方面，並無任何具體的建議或規定。而此研究領域的相關探討卻又各具優缺點，並可概分為兩類；第一類為運用最佳化演算法而衍生之設計流程，這一系列研究方法過於複雜化與數學化，使得實務工程界採納並應用於設計的意願仍相對較低。再者，由於這些最佳化設計方法並無聚焦於阻尼器所提供之有效阻尼比的多寡，因此其最佳化的準則尚欠缺說服力。第二類則採用較具實務價值之分配法，例如平均分配法、與樓層剪力成正比分配法等。本研究將在固定添加阻尼比的條件下，推導兩種黏性阻尼器阻尼常數的豎向分配設計公式，而分配原則乃基於阻尼常數正比於樓層剪力應變能的觀念。其原理等同於目前規範中所使用的模態應變能法或複合阻尼比之理論。本研究所提出的分配方法將與實務工程常用的方法及所謂的簡化序列搜尋法(SSSA)比較。根據分析結果，從減震效果、整體添加之阻尼常數(阻尼器之總數量)、阻尼器最大出力等因素歸結，本研究所提出的阻尼常數分配的兩種方法之一，將樓層阻尼常數正比於樓層剪力應變能並分配在“有效樓層”的設計(SSSEES)，可以更有效率的分配阻尼常數，並使得阻尼器的數量大為減少，降低阻尼器的成本，具有更佳的經濟效益，所以SSSEES可視為一個有效、經濟且適於實務工程應用的方法。
本研究所關注的另一個研究重點，乃探討與發展外接式黏性阻尼器於減震結構之應用的設計方法。其基本架構原生於採用黏性阻尼器連結兩棟相鄰結構的研究概念。然而大部分相關文獻的研究目的多為增加兩相鄰結構的耐風能力與降低彼此之間的碰撞機率。因此假設新建結構或既有建築周圍有足夠可利用之土地空間的前提下，本研究提出沿相鄰結構建造反力鋼構架外接阻尼器之耐震設計與補強方法。採用第一模態有效質量簡化兩相鄰多自由度結構的耦合行為與考慮兩相鄰結構的頻率比與阻尼常數比的關係發展一套設計流程，進而以各樓層相對動能之大小作為權重，分別推導(1)沿反力鋼構架各樓層阻尼常數正比於該樓層相對動能的大小進行分配之設計(SKE)與(2)按照樓層相對動能的大小，將阻尼常數分配在反力鋼構架之有效樓層之設計(SKEES)，並與平均分配法進行比較。透過兩種本研究推導之阻尼常數分配法與平均分配法在兩種補強方法的分析與探討，結果顯示經外接阻尼器後的結構識別阻尼比可有效達到設計系統阻尼比，並能減緩補強後之結構各樓層最大受震反應與歷時反應。歸納計算結果與設計參數仍可知本研究所建議之SKEES分配法，將阻尼常數分配在“有效之樓層”之作法，可視為較佳的設計建議。
綜合上述，在設計時一但決定黏性阻尼器所提供之等效阻尼比，本研究將依據能量原理與樓層阻尼常數的關係，分別推導內接黏性阻尼器沿樓層豎向分配阻尼常數的計算公式以及建立一套外接黏性阻尼器按銜接樓層分配阻尼常數之設計流程與計算公式。最終由數值例分析與探討可知雖然增加了些許的計算量，卻能提升黏性阻尼器之消能效率與實務設計之經濟性，因此期許能帶給實務工程師一個較佳的設計選擇。

There have been design specifications for the design of supplemental viscous dampers to building structures in existing seismic design codes. However, there exists no corresponding substantial procedure for distributing viscous damping coefficients along the height of the structures. In the thesis two non-repetitive design formulas for viscous damping coefficient distributions are proposed corresponding to a desired added damping ratio. The formulas are derived based on the concept that viscous damping coefficient distribution of each story is proportional to ratio of the story strain energy to the total shear strain energy of the structure. The proposed methods are compared with two distribution methods commonly used by practical engineers and a repetitive simplified sequential search algorithm (SSSA). The comparison is conducted using three planar frames, which include one vertically regular and two vertically irregular frames, equipped with viscous dampers corresponding to a desired effective system damping ratio. It is found that the five distribution methods results into similar elastic seismic responses of the structures with the same design damping ratio. Moreover, total computational efforts and design parameters are discussed, such as the total added damping coefficient, maximum damper force at one story, total damper force, and control of story drift angle. The findings indicate that one of the proposed methods distributing the damping coefficient based on the story shear strain energy to efficient stories (SSSEES) could be a practical and efficient option for the design of viscous damper.
Using viscous damper to link two adjacent buildings has been a interesting research topics in recent years. Similar to this concept, this thesis also proposes a method for the seismic retrofit of structures where the heavy construction in the interior of the building is not allowable. This type of structure may include but not limited to existing hospital structure and microelectronics manufacturing facilities (FABs). This idea is to construct reaction frames adjacent to the structure to be seismically retrofitted, and connect the structure and the reaction frames with viscous dampers. The study firstly involves the design of adopting effective modal mass of the first modal shape to simplify the coupling effect of multi-degree of freedom system, and it develops a set of design procedure based on frequency ratio and damping coefficient ratio of the two adjacent structures. Furthermore, two viscous damping coefficient distribution methods are derived in light of the factor gained by relative kinetic energy of each story divided by the total relative kinetic energy. The proposed methods are compared with the uniform distribution method. Numerical study has indicated that all three distribution methods adopted for two retrofit methods can achieve the desired added damping ratio so that the seismic responses of the retrofitted structure can be effectively reduced. The study also shows that to distribute the viscous damping coefficient to efficient stories is again an effective and efficient design method.

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