簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: Wanrada Kitchawat
Wanrada Kitchawat
論文名稱: 探討創業家之人力資本與社會資本如何影響新創投資人決策: 以全球資料分析新創公司為例
The Influences of Entrepreneur's Human and Social Capitals in Investors' Decisions-Evidence of the global Data Analytics Startups
指導教授: 葉峻賓
Chun-Ping Yeh
口試委員: 鍾璧徽
Pi-Hui Chung
蕭義棋
Hi-Chi Hsiao
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 科技管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Technology Management
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 81
外文關鍵詞: external investor, entrepreneurial human capital, entrepreneurial social capital, funding
相關次數: 點閱:228下載:13
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報


Inirecent years, there has been a global surgeiin the establishment of startups, particularly in the Data and Analytics industry. The advent of technology and digital platforms has resulted in the generation of vast volumes of data, sparking considerable interest in analytics across various domains and contexts. This attention is motivated by the potential benefits that data and analytics can offer to diverse stakeholders in society. However, startups, like other businesses, face substantial risks and resource demands. Consequently, many startups seek external investments to scale up their operations. This raises the fundamental question: What factors influence investors' decisions to fund startups in the Data Analytics Industry? Drawing upon the extensive literature on entrepreneurial characteristics, this study highlights significant research on entrepreneurial humanicapital, entrepreneurial socialicapital, and the moderating effect of gender. The findings highlight the significance of entrepreneurial characteristics in fundraising performance, although the level of importance varies, with gender playing a significant role in moderating fundraising outcomes.
Theeprimary objective of this study is to explore the influenceiof entrepreneurial characteristicsion investors' decision-making processes across various aspects and to compare their relative importance. This analysis enables startup founders to identify the criteria that carry the most weight in investor concerns, empowering them to better prepare and strategize for fundraising. The empirical results, derived from an extensive data analysis of the American Crunchbase database, consisting of a novel dataset of over 500 startups in the Data Analytics industry currently in the Series A funding stage, strongly confirm our hypotheses.

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 1.1 Research background and motivation..........................................................................2 1.2 Objectives of the research............................................................................................6 1.3 Research questions ......................................................................................................7 1.4 Summary of the Framework ........................................................................................8 LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES ...........................................................9 2.1 Resource-based View (RBV) ......................................................................................9 2.2 Startups ......................................................................................................................10 2.3 Start-up and Entrepreneur..........................................................................................11 2.4 Investor and Entrepreneur in the external investment ecosystem .............................12 2.5 Sources of Funding....................................................................................................13 2.6 Concerns of Investors ................................................................................................14 2.7 Human Capital of the Startup Founder ......................................................................16 2.8 Social Capital of the Startup Founder........................................................................20 2.9 Gender of the Startup Founder ..................................................................................25 RESEARCH METHODS................................................................................................29 3.1 Research Scope and Framework................................................................................29 3.2 Data Source................................................................................................................30 3.3 Data and Sample........................................................................................................31 3.4 Variables and measures ...................................................................................................39 3.5 Statistic ApproachMethod .........................................................................................44 EMPIRICAL RESULTS.................................................................................................45 4.1 Correlation Matrix and Descriptive Statistics ...........................................................45 4.2 Empirical Findings ....................................................................................................47 DISCUSSION...................................................................................................................53 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.......................................................................57 6.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................57 6.2 Managerial Implication..............................................................................................58 6.3 Limitations and Future Research ...............................................................................58

Abouzahr, K., Taplett, F. B., Krentz, M., & Harthorne, J. (2018). Why women-owned startups
are a better bet. A report published by Boston Consulting Group. Boston.
Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2010). Handbook of entrepreneurship research: An
interdisciplinary survey and introduction. Springer.
Acs, Z. J., & Mueller, P. (2008). Employment effects of business dynamics: Mice, Gazelles and
Elephants. Small Business Economics, 30(1), 85-100.
Ahl, H. (2006). Why Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30, 595-621.
Ahlers, G., Cumming, D., Günther, C., & Schweizer, D. (2017). Signaling in Equity
Crowdfunding.
Aldrich, H., & Martinez, M. (2000). Many Are Called, But Few Are Chosen: An Evolutionary
Perspective For the Study of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice,
25.
Aldrich, H., & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship Through Social Networks. In (Vol. 33, pp.
3-23).
Alsos, G. A., & Ljunggren, E. (2017). The Role of Gender in Entrepreneur–Investor
Relationships: A Signaling Theory Approach. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,
41(4), 567-590.
Alvarez, S., & Busenitz, L. (2001). The Entrepreneurship of Resource-Based Theory. Journal
of Management, 27.
Amason, A. C., Shrader, R. C., & Tompson, G. H. (2006). Newness and novelty: Relating top
management team composition to new venture performance. Journal of Business
Venturing, 21(1), 125-148.
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. (1993). Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent. Strategic
Management Journal, 14, 33-46.
Anderson, A. R., & Miller, C. J. (2003). “Class matters”: human and social capital in the
entrepreneurial process. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 32(1), 17-36.
Antweiler, W., Brander, J., & Amit, R. (2002). Venture-Capital Syndication: Improved Venture
Selection vs. The Value-Added Hypothesis. Journal of Economics & Management
Strategy, 11, 423-452.
Arthurs, J., & Busenitz, L. (2003). The Boundaries and Limitations of Agency Theory and
Stewardship Theory in the Venture Capitalist/Entrepreneur Relationship*.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, 145-162.
Arvanitis, S., & Stucki, T. (2012). Do Mergers and Acquisitions Affect the Performance of
Acquiring Firms? Evidence for Swiss Small- and Medium-Sized Firms. SSRN
Electronic Journal.
Baker, W. E. (1990). Market Networks and Corporate Behavior. American Journal of Sociology,
96(3), 589-625.
Bandera, C., & Thomas, E. (2018). The Role of Innovation Ecosystems and Social Capital in
Startup Survival. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, PP, 1-10.
Baptista, R., Karaoz, M., & Mendonça, J. (2007). Entrepreneurial Backgrounds, Human Capital
and Start-up Success. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Baptista, R., Karaoz, M., & Mendonça, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial Backgrounds, Human Capital
and Survival in the Early Years after Start-Up. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D. (2001). The Resource-Based View of the Firm. Journal
of Management, 27.
Bates, T. (1990). Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity. The
Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(4), 551-559.
Becker-Blease, J., & Sohl, J. (2015). New venture legitimacy: the conditions for angel investors.
Small Business Economics, 45.
Bengtsson, O., & Hsu, D. (2010). How Do Venture Capital Partners Match with Startup
Founders? SSRN Electronic Journal.
Block, J., & Sandner, P. (2011). Venture Capital Funding in the Middle of the Year 2011: Are
We Back to Pre-Crisis Boom Levels? Strategic Change, 20.
Bocken, N. M. P. (2015). Sustainable venture capital – catalyst for sustainable start-up success?
Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 647-658.
Boocock, G., & Woods, M. (1997). The Evaluation Criteria used by Venture Capitalists:
Evidence from a UK Venture Fund. International Small Business Journal, 16(1), 36-57.
Brush, C. (1992). Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and
Future Directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16.
Brush, C., Carter, N., Gatewood, E., Greene, P., & Hart, M. (2006). The Use of Bootstrapping
by Women Entrepreneurs in Positioning for Growth. Venture Capital: An International
Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 8, 15-31.
Burt, R. (2000). The Network Structure of Social Capital. Research in Organizational Behavior,
22, 345-423.
Burt, R. S. (1997). The Contingent Value of Social Capital. Administrative Science Quarterly,
42(2), 339-365.
Burton, I., Huq, S., Lim, B., Pilifosova, O., & Schipper, L. (2002). From Impacts Assessment
to Adaptation Priorities: The Shaping of Adaptation Policy. Climate Policy, 2, 145-159.
Business, O. S. (1997). Job Creation and Growth: Facts, Obstacles and Best Practices. In:
OECD.
Buttner, E. H., & Rosen, B. (1988). Bank loan officers' perceptions of the characteristics of men,
women, and successful entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 3, 249-258.
Carpentier, C., & Suret, J.-M. (2015). Angel group members' decision process and rejection
criteria: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 30.
Cochrane, J. (2005). The Risk and Return of Venture Capital. Journal of Financial Economics,
75, 3-52.
Coleman, S., Cotei, C., & Farhat, J. (2013). A resource-based view of new firm survival: New
perspectives on the role of industry and exit route. Journal of Developmental
Entrepreneurship, 18.
Colombo, M., Franzoni, C., & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2014). Internal Social Capital and the
Attraction of Early Contributions in Crowdfunding. Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice, 39.
Colombo, M., & Grilli, L. (2005). Founders' human capital and the growth of new technologybased
firms: A competence-based view. Research Policy, 34, 795-816.
Cressy, R. (1996). Pre-entrepreneurial income, cash-flow growth and survival of startup
businesses: Model and tests on U.K. data. Small Business Economics, 8(1), 49-58.
Cumming, D., & Dai, N. (2010). Fund Size, Limited Attention and Valuation of Venture Capital
Backed Firms. Journal of Empirical Finance, 18, 2-15.
Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent
entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301-331.
de Bruin, A., Brush, C., & Welter, F. (2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building
Cumulative Knowledge on Women's Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice, 30, 585-593.
De Clercq, D., Fried, V., Lehtonen, O., & Sapienza, H. (2006). An Entrepreneur's Guide to The
Venture Capital Galaxy. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20, 90-112.
Dimov, D. P., & Shepherd, D. A. (2005). Human capital theory and venture capital firms:
exploring “home runs” and “strike outs”. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 1-21.
Duchesneau, D. A., & Gartner, W. B. (1990). A profile of new venture success and failure in an
emerging industry. Journal of Business Venturing, 5(5), 297-312.
Ebben, J., & Johnson, A. (2006). Bootstrapping in small firms: An empirical analysis of change
over time. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 851-865.
Eesley, C., & Roberts, E. (2011). Are You Experienced or Are You Talented?: When Does
Innate Talent vs. Experience Explain Entrepreneurial Performance? Strategic
Entrepreneurship Journal, 6.
Egan-Wyer, C., Muhr, S., & Rehn, A. (2017). On startups and doublethink – resistance and
conformity in negotiating the meaning of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship &
Regional Development, 1-23.
Ehsan, Z.-A. (2021). Defining a Startup - A Critical Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Eisenmann, T. R. (2012). Business model analysis for entrepreneurs. Harvard Business School
Entrepreneurial Management Case, (812-096).
Falk, I., & Harrison, L. (1998). Community learning and social capital. Journal of Vocational
Education & Training, 50, 609-627.
Fernandez, R., Castilla, E., & Moore, P. (2000). Social Capital at Work: Networks and
Employment at a Phone Center. American Journal of Sociology - AMER J SOCIOL, 105,
1288-1356.
Foschi, M. (1996). Double Standards in the Evaluation of Men and Women. Social Psychology
Quarterly, 59(3), 237-254.
Foschi, M. (2000). Double standards for competence: Theory and research. Annual review of
Sociology, 26(1), 21-42.
Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y., & Mahoney, J. (2008). Entrepreneurship, Subjectivism, and the
Resource-Based View: Toward a New Synthesis. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,
2, 73-94.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. (2014). The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. Annual Review of
Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413-438.
Fried, V. H., & Hisrich, R. D. (1994). Toward a Model of Venture Capital Investment Decision
Making. Financial Management, 23, 28.
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Social Capital and the Global Economy. Foreign Affairs, 74(5), 89-103.
Garfinkel, Jon A. and Mayer, Erik J. and Strebulaev, Ilya A. and Yimfor, Emmanuel, Alumni
Networks in Venture Capital Financing (November 24, 2021). SMU Cox School of
Business Research Paper No. 21-17.
Garg, A., & Shivam, A. K. (2017). Funding to growing start-ups. Research Journal of Social
Sciences, 10(2), 22-31.
Genevsky, A., & Knutson, B. (2015). Neural Affective Mechanisms Predict Market-Level
Microlending. Psychological Science, 26.
GENOME, S. (2022). The Global Startup Ecosystem Report. 2022.
George, G., Haas, M., & Pentland, A. (2014). Big Data and Management. Academy of
Management Journal, 57, 321-326.
Gompers, P., & Lerner, J. (2001). The venture capital revolution. Journal of Economic
Perspectives, 15(2), 145-168.
Gorman, M., & Sahlman, W. A. (1989). What do venture capitalists do? Journal of Business
Venturing, 4(4), 231-248.
Grant, R. (1996). Toward A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management
Journal, 17, 109-122.
Hechter, M. (1992). [Foundations of Social Theory, James S. Coleman]. Public Choice, 73(2),
243-247.
Heilman, M. (2001). Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's
Ascent Up the Organizational Ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 657-674.
Heilman, M., & Welle, B. (2006). Disadvantaged by Diversity? The Effects of Diversity Goals
on Competence Perceptions1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1291-1319.
Hellmann, T., & Puri, M. (2002). Venture Capital and the Professionalization of Start-up Firms:
Empirical Evidence. The Journal of Finance, 57(1), 169-197.
Henrekson, M., & Johansson, D. (2010). Gazelles as job creators: a survey and interpretation of
the evidence. Small Business Economics, 35(2), 227-244.
Hermann, F., Lueger, M., & Korunka, C. (2007). The Significance of Personality in Business
Start-Up Intentions, Start-Up Realization and Business Success. Entrepreneurship and
Regional Development - ENTREP REG DEV, 19, 227-251.
Hirschfeld, A., Mütze, J., & Gilde, J. (2019). Female Startup Monitor 2019. Bundesverband
Deutsche Startups e.V. / German Startups Association.
Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship: A Critical
Review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 165-187.
Honig, B., & Davidsson, P. (2000). The role of social and human capital among nascent
entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2000, B1-B6.
Hsu, D. (2004). What Do Entrepreneurs Pay for Venture Capital Affiliation? The Journal of
Finance, 59, 1805-1844.
Hsu, D. H. (2007). Experienced entrepreneurial founders, organizational capital, and venture
capital funding. Research Policy, 36(5), 722-741.
Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., & Sirmon, D. G. (2003). A Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship:
The Construct and its Dimensions. Journal of Management, 29(6), 963-989.
Janaji, S., Ibrahim, F., & Ismail, K. (2021). Startups and Sources of Funding. 2, 88-92.
Johannisson, B. (1988). Business formation — a network approach. Scandinavian Journal of
Management, 4(3), 83-99.
Kanze, D., Huang, L., Conley, M. A., & Higgins, E. T. (2017). Male and female entrepreneurs
get asked different questions by VCs–and it affects how much funding they get. Harvard
Business Review, 27.
Kato, M., & Zhou, H. (2018). Numerical labor flexibility and innovation outcomes of start-up
firms: A panel data analysis. Technovation, 69, 15-27.
Kim, D., & Lee, S. Y. (2022). When venture capitalists are attracted by the experienced. Journal
of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1).
Kim, P., & Aldrich, H. (2005). Social Capital and Entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends
in Entrepreneurship, 1.
Kor, Y. Y. (2003). Experience-Based Top Management Team Competence and Sustained
Growth. Organization Science, 14(6), 707-719.
Krejcí, M., Strielkowski, W., & Cabelkova, I. (2015). Factors that influence the success of small
and medium enterprises in ICT: A case study from the Czech Republic. Verslas: Teorija
ir Praktika, 16, 304-315.
Ley, A., & Weaven, S. (2011). Exploring Agency Dynamics of Crowdfunding in Start-Up
Capital Financing. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 17, 85-110.
Li, Y.-R., & Chen, Y. (2009). Opportunity, embeddedness, endogenous resources, and
performance of technology ventures in Taiwan's incubation centers. Technovation, 29(1),
35-44.
Liao, J., & Welsch, H. (2003). Social capital and entrepreneurial growth aspiration: a
comparison of technology- and non-technology-based nascent entrepreneurs. The
Journal of High Technology Management Research, 14(1), 149-170.
Lin, N. (2001). Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. In (Vol. 19).
Lynskey, M. (2004). Determinants of Innovative Activity in Japanese Technology-based Startup
Firms. International Small Business Journal, 22, 159-196.
Macmillan, I. C., Kulow, D. M., & Khoylian, R. (1989). Venture capitalists' involvement in
their inve
Manchanda, K., & Muralidharan, P. (2014). Crowdfunding: a new paradigm in start-up
financing. Global Conference on Business & Finance Proceedings.
Martin, B., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. (2013). Examining the Formation of Human Capital in
Entrepreneurship: A Meta-Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education Outcomes. Journal
of Business Venturing, 28, 211–224.
Marvel, M., & Lumpkin, G. (2007). Technology Entrepreneurs' Human Capital and Its Effect
on Innovation Radicalness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31, 807-828.
Mata, J. (1996). Markets, entrepreneurs and the size of new firms. Economics Letters, 52(1),
89-94.
McAdam, M., & McAdam, R. (2008). High tech start-ups in University Science Park incubators:
The relationship between the start-up's lifecycle progression and use of the incubator's
resources. Technovation, 28, 277-290.
Megginson, W. L., & Weiss, K. A. (1991). Venture Capitalist Certification in Initial Public
Offerings. Journal of Finance, 46, 879-903.
Moritz, A., Block, J., & Lutz, E. (2015). Investor communication in equity-based crowdfunding:
a qualitative-empirical study. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 7.
Murray, F. (2004). The role of academic inventors in entrepreneurial firms: sharing the
laboratory life. Research Policy, 33(4), 643-659.
Muzyka, D., Birley, S., & Leleux, B. (1996). Trade-Offs in the Investment Decisions of
European Venture Capitalists. Journal of Business Venturing, 11, 273-287.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational
Advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
Nann, S., Krauss, J., Schober, M., Gloor, P., Fischbach, K., & Führes, H. (2010). The Power of
Alumni Networks - Success of Startup Companies Correlates with Online Social
Network Structure of its Founders. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Nelson, T. (2007). THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF FIRM FOUNDERS.
Nunes, J., Félix, E., & Pires, C. (2014). Which criteria matter most in the evaluation of venture
capital investments? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21.
Oakey, R. (2012). High-Technology Entrepreneurship. High-Technology Entrepreneurship, 1-
192.
Pappas, I., Jaccheri, L., Mikalef, P., & Giannakos, M. (2017). Social innovation and social
entrepreneurship through big data: developing a research agenda.
Peirce, B. N. (1995). Social Identity, Investment, and Language Learning. TESOL Quarterly,
29(1), 9-31.
Picken, J. (2017). From startup to scalable enterprise: Laying the foundation. Business Horizons,
60.
PitchBook. (2019). All In Women in the VC Ecosystem 2019.
Pope, D., & Sydnor, J. R. (2011). What’s in a Picture?: Evidence of Discrimination from
Prosper.com. Journal of Human Resources, 46(1), 53-92.
Pratch, L. (2005). Value-Added Investing: A Framework for Early Stage Venture Capital Firms.
The Journal of Private Equity, 8, 13-29.
Prystav, F. (2016). Personal information in peer-to-peer loan applications: Is less more? Journal
of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 9, 6-19.
Putnam, R. D. (1994). Social Capital and Public Affairs. Bulletin of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, 47(8), 5-19.
Robb, A., Ballou, J., Desroches, D., Potter, F., Zhao, Z., & Reedy, E. J. (2009). An Overview
of the Kauffman Firm Survey: Results from the 2004-2007 Data. SSRN Electronic
Journal.
Sadeghi, A. (2022, January 11). Business employment dynamics by age and size of firms :
Spotlight on Statistics: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2022/business-employment-dynamics-by-ageand-
size/home.htm
Sahlman, W. A. (1990). The structure and governance of venture-capital organizations. Journal
of Financial Economics, 27(2), 473-521.
Salamzadeh, A. (2015). New Venture Creation: Controversial Perspectives and Theories.
Economic Analysis, 48, 101-109.
Santisteban, J., & Mauricio, D. (2017). Systematic literature review of critical success factors
of Information Technology startups. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23, 1-23.
Sapienza, H., Korsgaard, M., & Forbes, D. (2003). THE SELF-DETERMINATION MOTIVE
AND ENTREPRENEURS’CHOICE OF FINANCING. In Cognitive approaches to
entrepreneurship research (Vol. 6, pp. 105-138). Emerald Group Publishing
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1),
1-17.
Shan, S., Luo, Y., Zhou, Y., & Wei, Y. (2018). Big data analysis adaptation and enterprises’
competitive advantages: the perspective of dynamic capability and resource-based
theories. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 31, 1-15.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research.
The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. American Journal of
Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8, 39-42.
Smith, S. S. (2016). The C-Factor : critical competencies and challenges evidenced by CEO
women University of Pretoria.
Soetanto, D., & Jack, S. (2011). Business Incubators and the Networks of Technology-Based
Firms. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 38.
Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999). Interorganizational Endorsements and the
Performance of Entrepreneurial Ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 315-
349.
Talaia, M., Pisoni, A., & Onetti, A. (2016). Factors influencing the fund raising process for
innovative new ventures: an empirical study. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, 23, 363-378.
Tanha, D., Salamzadeh, A., Allahian, Z., & Salamzadeh, Y. (2011). Commercialization of
University Research and Innovations in Iran: Obstacles and Solutions. Journal of
Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 1.
Teare, G. (2020). Global VC Funding To Female Founders Dropped Dramatically This Year
Thaler, R., & Sunstein, C. (2009). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and
happiness. In Amsterdam Law Forum; HeinOnline: Online (p. 89).
Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and
entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3),
341-358.
van Weele, M., van Rijnsoever, F. J., & Nauta, F. (2017). You can't always get what you want:
How entrepreneur's perceived resource needs affect the incubator's assertiveness.
Technovation, 59, 18-33.
Vogel, R., Puhan, T., Shehu, E., Kliger, D., & Beese, H. (2015). Funding decisions and
entrepreneurial team diversity: A field study. Journal of Economic Behavior &
Organization, 107.
Vohora, A., Wright, M., & Lockett, A. (2004). Critical junctures in the development of
university high-tech spinout companies. Research Policy, 33(1), 147-175.
Wagner, D. G., & Berger, J. (1993). Status characteristics theory: The growth of a program.
Walker, G., Kogut, B., & Shan, W. (1997). Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation
of an Industry Network. Organization Science, 8(2), 109-125.
Wang, Y., Li, L., & Liu, G. (2015). Social context-aware trust inference for trust enhancement
in social network based recommendations on service providers. World Wide Web, 18,
159-184.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal,
5(2), 171-180.
White, B., & Dumay, J. (2018). The angel investment decision: insights from Australian
business angels. Accounting & Finance, 60.
Whitehouse, M. (2015). Startup Investment 101: Investment Rounds Explained.
Onevest.Retrived from: http://blog.onevest.com/blog/2015/4/23/startup- investment-
101-investment-rounds-explained.
Wright, T., & Goodstein, J. (2007). Character Is Not “Dead” in Management Research: A
Review of Individual Character and Organizational-Level Virtue†. Journal of
Management - J MANAGE, 33, 928-958.
Young, N. (1998). The structure and substance of African American entrepreneurial networks:
some preliminary findings. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 118-131.
Zacharakis, A. L., & Meyer, G. D. (2000). The potential of actuarial decision models: Can they
improve the venture capital investment decision? Journal of Business Venturing, 15(4),323-346.

QR CODE