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研究生： 阮德英
Duc-Anh Nguyen
論文名稱： 中庭自然通風應用於集合住宅之研究
Natural Ventilation inside Courtyard – Apartment Building
指導教授： 江維華
Wei-Hwa Chiang
口試委員: 林葳
Wei Lin
邱韻祥
Yun-Shang Chiou
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 設計學院 - 建築系
Department of Architecture
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 87
中文關鍵詞： 自然通風 、中庭 、浮力效應 、浮力通風 、CFD 、熱濕氣候
外文關鍵詞： Natural ventilation, Courtyard, Buoyancy effect, Stack ventilation, CFD simulation, Hot-humid climate
相關次數： 點閱：270  下載：11 
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    • 本研究主要利用CFD模擬軟體(PHOENICS/FLAIR)評估具中庭高層集合住宅之設計與環境影響因子，進而檢視中庭空間提供之浮力通風效益。評估對象為位於亞熱帶台灣之高層集合住宅，各住宅單元之內部熱源與屋頂構造接受之日射為驅動浮力通風之主要力量。模擬結果得到明顯的非線性梯度之溫度與風速，並且可在中庭頂端得到最大的風速與最高的溫度。當外風場風速小於或等於0.5m/s時，所產生之氣流量足以移除大多數使用空間產生的熱量，有效地將熱空氣經中庭上方排出，但近屋頂之樓層空間仍需做進一步處理。搭配日射加熱屋頂構造物之模擬結果亦可發現，當地面層配置迎風向的小開口時，可以得到最高的通風效益，在中庭頂端之風速可提升約38%。

    Natural ventilation enhanced by buoyancy force of an indoor courtyard space was examined. A high-rise residential building located at subtropical Taiwan was studied in terms of heat evacuation. CFD software PHOENICS/FLAIR was employed to investigate the effects of design factors as well as environmental factors that were tested in sequences. The buoyancy force was mainly induced by the heat generated inside individual apartment units and a heated roof top space due to solar radiation. The gradient of air temperature and velocity in the courtyard space against height is non-linear and high values of gradient are found particularly near the top. The flow flux is generally large enough to remove heat from most of the occupied spaces. Except for the upper floors that may need further treatments, the air can be effectively evacuated through the top of the courtyard when the wind velocity is roughly 0.5 m/s or smaller. With a heated roof-top structure, the ventilation efficiency can be strengthened by bottom openings on the windward side that yields 38 % more velocity at the top of the courtyard than the worse case.

    Abstract II Acknowledgements IV Table of Content VI Abbreviation IX List of Figures X List of Tables XIII Chapter 1: 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General statement of problem 1 1.2 The necessities for energy saving, architectural sustainability and natural ventilation 3 1.3 The effects of natural ventilation on building performance 4 1.4 Research methodology 5 1.4.1 Basic energy simulation and air-flow simulation software programs 5 1.4.2 The development of CFD application in energy and building study 5 1.5 Research objectives and research outline 6 Chapter 2 9 LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Courtyard houses 9 2.1.1 Courtyard houses in architecture design 10 2.1.2 The effects of courtyard on the building performance 13 2.1.3 Summary 16 2.2 Natural ventilation of apartment buildings in academic research 17 2.2.1 Natural ventilation systems in apartment building 17 2.2.2 Stack ventilation (Buoyancy-driven ventilation) 17 2.3 The tools for building energy used and air-flow simulation 19 2.3.1 Introduction 19 2.3.2 Introduction of CFD application in building performance simulation 20 2.3.3 CFD-PHOENICS - process and prefaces 22 Chapter 3: 25 METHODOLOGY 25 3.1 Data collection 25 3.1.1 Building information 25 3.1.2 Building descriptions 25 3.1.3 Taipei climate analysis discussions 28 3.1.4 Assumptions and simplifications in modeling 29 3.2 CFD simulation modeling 30 3.2.1 Building object modeling 30 3.2.2 Computational domain modeling 31 3.2.3 Wind profile function 31 3.2.4 Numerical discretization 32 3.2.5 Conventional turbulence equations 32 3.2.6 Experimental variables 33 3.2.7 Effects of total number of iterations to the simulation time 34 3.2.8 Effects of grid number to the simulation time 35 3.2.9 Relaxation control function 36 Chapter 4 39 CFD SIMULATION ANALYSIS 39 4.1 Simulation with different courtyard layouts 39 4.1.1 Simulation of a 3-storey building with one unit on each floor 39 4.1.2 Simulation of a 3-storey semi-detached building (two units on each floor) 40 4.1.3 Simulation of a 3-storey apartment (16 units in each floor) with detailed definition for heat sources 42 4.1.4 Simulation of a 9-storey apartment with buoyancy-driven ventilation only 44 4.1.5 Simulation of a 9-storey apartment with combined buoyancy-driven ventilation and wind-driven ventilation 45 4.2 Simulation with the different environmental conditions 47 4.2.1 Simulation with different solar radiation definition 48 4.2.2 Simulation with different ambient temperatures 49 4.2.3 Simulation with different wind velocities 51 4.3 Simulation with a roof-top structures 52 4.3.1 Different opening on ground floor 54 4.3.2 Different opening on the upper floor near the roof 56 4.3.3 Different opening on the roof floor 58 Chapter 5: 61 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH 61 5.1 Conclusions 61 5.2 Further research 63 References 65

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