在這項研究中，我們通過模擬人骨骼的細胞外基質（Extracellular matrix, ECM）將有機相的幾丁聚醣和作為無機相的水泥合併，成為生物活性支架，並成功製備了均勻的水泥/幾丁聚醣奈米纖維，並優化了靜電紡絲過程中的主要參數，包括相對濕度、水泥濃度以及黏度，可獲得直徑約250 nm的均勻的幾丁聚醣-水泥奈米纖維。通過添加水泥，改善了幾丁聚醣的電紡絲性能。
為了提高水泥奈米纖維的穩定性，加入四乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TTEGDA)和2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(DMPA)被用以作為光交聯劑與光起始劑，配合了紫外光的電紡絲設備，可實現一步光交聯(One-step photo-crosslinking)。通過使用本研究提出的光交聯方法並使用合適的交聯劑濃度和照射能量，可以連續有效地製備高穩定性的奈米纖維，在水性環境中也能使奈米纖維的網絡結構保持完整，且奈米纖維的形態在光交聯後沒有被改變。
本研究中，我們確認了水泥/幾丁聚醣奈米纖維的酸鹼值的變化，並不會像單純水泥一樣急速上升，表示通過本研究製成的複合材料，可以使酸鹼值的變化較緩和，使細胞較不受傷害。
藉由骨細胞的培養，本研究證實加入水泥可以增加骨母細胞的貼附性以及活性。這可能是因為矽酸鈣可以促進磷酸鈣沈積層的生成，使生物相容性提高。通過添加水泥也可以促進成骨母細胞鹼性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase, ALP)、骨橋蛋白(Osteopontin, OPN)與生物礦化(Biomineralization)的表現，證實了加入水泥能增進細胞的骨分化的能力。本研究顯示對於骨組織，水泥/幾丁聚醣奈米纖維是個具有潛力的生醫材料。

In this research , chitosan as an organic phase and cement as an in-organic phase were combined by electrospinning as bioactive scaffolds. The composition was designed by mimicking the structure of extracel-lular matrix (ECM) of nature human bones. The main parameters in the electrospinning process, including relative humidity, cement concentra-tion and viscosity, were optimized to obtain uniform chitosan-cement nanofibers with the diameter about 250 nm. With the addition of cement, the electrospinnability of chitosan was improved. To enhance the stability of cement nanofibers, photo-crosslinking was applied with the addition of tetra-ethyleneglycol diacrylate (TTEGDA) and 2,2 dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), where the UV irra-diation was incorporated with electrospinning and thus a one-step cross-linking was achieved. By using the photo-crosslinking process proposed in this research, nanofibers with high stability were produced continu-ously and efficiently. With suitable crosslinker concentrations and irradi-ation energy, the swelling degree of electrospun fibers greatly decreased, keeping network structures of nanofibers in aqueous environment. More important, the morphology of nanofibers was not changed due to the photo-crosslinking.
Compared with using only cement as cell culture substrates, chi-tosan/cement did not change pH value and temperature significantly in aqueous solution. This would be one of the reason that the composite nanofibers prepared in this study showed high biocompatibility.
From the culture of osteogenic cells on nanofibers, adding cement promoted the adhesion and viability of osteoblasts. This was possibly because calcium silicate induced the formation of calcium phosphate deposition on nanofibers, which was highly bioactive to osteogenic cells. The osteogenic differentiation in early, middle and late stage were en-couraged by the addition of cement on nanofibrous substrates, revealed by the expression of ALPase, OPN and biomineralization. In this re-search, uniform and stable cement/chitosan composite nanofibers were synthesized and proved to be a promising biomaterial for the bone re-generation.

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