本論文結合奈米合成技術與生物醫學應用，以兩種類光學性質截然相反之奈米材料為主軸，分別探討下轉換量子點與上轉換奈米粒子的螢光放光機制，透過表面修飾增加奈米材料的生物相容性，後續嘗試結合上轉換以及下轉換材料的特性來做進一步的應用，並將低毒性之奈米材料應用於細胞顯影、離子檢測以及抗氧化等生醫應用之上。
第一部分：ZCISe/ZnS及ZCISe/ZnS@HA之生物體內離子感測應用。
本實驗以水為溶劑，使用微波輔助法成功地合成出水溶性核殼型四元ZCISe/ZnS量子點，再利用玻尿酸（Hyaluronic acid, HA）進行水相量子點功能化修飾合成ZCISe/ZnS@HA，透過與特定癌細胞表面HA受體之作用，使其具有特異標靶螢光顯影之功能，將ZCISe/ZnS擁有的鉛離子感測能力進一步應用於體外細胞以及斑馬魚之中探討其成效，發現ZCISe/ZnS在生物體內仍具有優秀的鉛離子感測性。
第二部分：上轉換與下轉換奈米粒子結合之UCNPs-Cdots@HA及其生醫應用。
本實驗以稀土元素氟化物AREF4結構為基礎，以熱分解法在有機相的環境合成核殼型鑭系元素摻雜上轉換奈米粒子LiYbF4: RE3+@LiYF4，分別討論不同稀土元素Er3+與Tm3+摻雜以及核殼型結構對於上轉換放光的影響，並探討上轉換放光機制。後續與經HA修飾之水相碳量子點Cdots@HA結合進行水相改質，形成水溶性UCNPs-Cdots@HA使其具有上轉換螢光的同時擁有抗氧化特性，並進行後續生醫應用。經由體外細胞毒性測試證實本研究所製備出之UCNPs-Cdots@HA為低毒性材料，後續利用DPPH以及•OH檢測其抗氧化活性，證實UCNPs-Cdots@HA亦具備有良好的抗氧化活性，再進一步將其應用於保護細胞抵抗氧化應激分析試驗，藉由H2O2作為活性氧來源對細胞造成氧化損傷，發現經材料培養後之細胞能夠有效抵抗H2O2所造成的傷害，並且進行DCFH-DA自由基測試時能夠有效抑制H2O2產生之自由基，再次驗證其不錯的抗氧化特性。

In this study, we present nano-synthesis technology for two types of nanomaterials with opposite optical properties. The fluorescent emission mechanism of down-conversion quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles was discussed. To promote the biocompatibility of a synthesized nanoparticle we conjugate nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid (HA). Furthermore, the obtained low-toxic nanomaterials were applied for biomedical applications such as cell imaging, ion detection, and antioxidant assay.
Part I: The in vivo ion sensing applications of ZCISe/ZnS and ZCISe/ZnS@HA.
In this experiment, we present a facile microwave-assisted synthesis of ZCISe/ZnS core/shell quaternary quantum dots (QDs) in an aqueous chemistry. Afterward, we applied hyaluronic acid (HA) to functionalize the aqueous phase quantum dots to synthesize ZCISe/ZnS@HA. ZCISe/ZnS can develop cancer-specific targeting ability through the HA receptors on the surface of specific cancer cells. The lead ion sensing ability presented by ZCISe/ZnS was further applied to in vitro cells and zebrafish to discuss its effectiveness, and it was found that ZCISe/ZnS still has excellent lead ion sensing properties in the cell.

Part II: UCNPs-Cdots@HA, the combination of up-conversion and down-conversion nanoparticles and its biomedical applications.
In this report, we present a rare earth element fluoride based on the structure of AREF4. The core-shell type lanthanide-doped up-conversion nanoparticles LiYbF4: RE3+@LiYF4 were synthesized by the thermal decomposition method in the organic phase environment. The rare earth elements Er3+ and Tm3+were used as dopant element. To transfer the organic phase UCNPs into the water, we synthesized the HA conjugate Cdots and then combination of UCNPs with Cdots@HA were done successfully. The water phase UCNPs-Cdots@HA can present /shows upconversion fluorescence and antioxidant properties. This experiment, the antioxidant property for UCNPs-Cdots@HA was carried out by using DPPH and •OH radicals. The results shown that UCNPs-Cdots@HA has good antioxidant property. Furthermore, it was applied to cells in vitro, using H2O2 as a source of reactive oxygen species to cause oxidative damage to the cells. It was found that the cells cultured by the material can effectively resist the damage caused by H2O2, and can effectively inhibit the production of H2O2-induced ROS when performing the DCFH-DA free radical test. Verifying that UCNPs-Cdots@HA can reduce intracellular ROS levels and protect cells from oxidative stress.

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