隨著科技日新月異和網際網路的普及，人手一機為常態，線上訂購商品逐漸成為消費者購買的主要渠道，電子商務領域蓬勃發展。新冠疫情的爆發使得人們更傾向於在線上完成各種活動。對於包裹公司來說，包裹訂單數量激增帶來巨大的挑戰，因此需要找到方法來減少司機的加班時間並確保及時送達客戶的包裹。本研究提出了混合型助手搭配無人機配送問題，旨在最小化卡車返回倉庫的時間，同時確保無人機和司機助手能夠一起返回倉庫。研究使用了Google OR-Tools套件和貪婪演算法來解決路徑問題並優化卡車路線和無人機的服務範圍選擇。通過大量模擬實驗，研究評估了提出的模型在不同情境下的效能優勢，並與其他三種方法進行了比較。結果顯示，混合型司機助手搭配無人機能夠節省總花費時間並減少司機助手的閒置浪費及司機助手的等待時間，提高包裹配送效率，降低到達倉庫時間和成本浪費。

The e-commerce industry has experienced remarkable growth due to the widespread adoption of the Internet and the increasing number of consumers shopping online. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has further propelled consumers towards online activities. The increase in package orders presents a challenge for parcel delivery companies, who must find ways to minimize driver overtime while ensuring prompt customer delivery. This study introduces the Hybrid Helper Dispatching Problem with drone (HHDPD), aiming to minimize the return time of the truck to the depot while ensuring the simultaneous return of drone and driver helper to the depot. The study utilizes the Google OR-Tools package and a greedy algorithm to address the routing problem and optimize truck routes and drone service area selections. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the proposed model's performance advantages in different scenarios, comparing it with three other methods. The results demonstrate that the hybrid helper approach with drone can significantly reduce the overall time spent, minimize idle resource wastage of driver helper and waiting time between driver helper and driver, improve package delivery efficiency, and reduce time wastage.

REFERENCES
Agatz, N., Bouman, P., & Schmidt, M. (2018).Optimization Approaches for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Drone. TransportationScience, 52(4), 965–981.https://ideas.repec.org/a/inm/ortrsc/v52y2018i4p965-981.html
Bajec, P.,Tuljak-Suban, D., & Slapnik, V. (2023). Micro-depots site selection forlast-mile delivery, considering the needs of post-pandemic parcel recipients.Transportation Research Procedia, 69, 496–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.02.200
Bopage, G.,Nanayakkara, J., & Vidanagamachchi, K. (2019, March). A strategic model toimprove the last mile delivery performance in ecommerce parcel delivery. InProc. Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Oper. Manag (Vol. 2019, pp. 2018-2019).
Bouman, P.,Agatz, N., & Schmidt, M. (2018). Dynamic programming approaches for thetraveling salesman problem with drone. Networks, 72(4), 528-542.
Carlsson, J. G.,& Song, S. (2018). Coordinated logistics with a truck and a drone.Management Science, 64(9), 4052-4069.
Dell’Amico, M.,Montemanni, R., & Novellani, S. (2021). Drone-assisted deliveries: Newformulations for the flying sidekick traveling salesman problem. OptimizationLetters, 15, 1617-1648.
Fehn, F., Engelhardt,R., Dandl, F., Bogenberger, K., & Busch, F. (2023). Integrating parceldeliveries into a ride-pooling service—An agent-based simulation study.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 169, 103580.
Ferrandez, S. M.,Harbison, T., Weber, T., Sturges, R., & Rich, R. (2016). Optimization of atruck-drone in tandem delivery network using k-means and genetic algorithm.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 9(2), 374-388.
Goodchild, A.,& Toy, J. (2018). Delivery by drone: An evaluation of unmanned aerialvehicle technology in reducing CO2 emissions in the delivery service industry.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 58-67.
Ha, Q. M., Deville, Y., Pham, Q. D., &Hà, M. H. (2018). On the min-cost traveling salesman problem withdrone. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 86, 597-621.
Hoffman, K. L., Padberg, M., & Rinaldi, G. (2013). Traveling Salesman Problem. Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, 1573–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1153-7_1068
Kübler, J.,Reiffer, A., Briem, L., & Vortisch, P. (2022). Integrating Neighbours intoan Agent-Based Travel Demand Model to Analyse Success Rates of ParcelDeliveries. Procedia Computer Science, 201, 181-188.
Laporte, G. (1992). The traveling salesman problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 59(2), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(92)90138-y
Lu, S. H.,Suzuki, Y., & Clottey, T. (2020). The last mile: Managing driver helperdispatching for package delivery services. Journal of Business Logistics,41(3), 206-221.
Lu, S., Suzuki,Y., & Clottey, T. (2022). Improving the efficiency of last-mile packagedeliveries using hybrid driver helpers. Decision Sciences.https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12559
Macrina, G., Di Puglia Pugliese, L.,Guerriero, F., & Laporte, G. (2020). Drone-aided routing: A literaturereview. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 120, 102762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2020.102762
Merkert, R., Bliemer, M. C., & Fayyaz, M.(2022). Consumer preferences for innovative and traditional last-mile parceldelivery. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.
Moshref-Javadi, M., Hemmati, A., & Winkenbach, M. (2021). A Comparative Analysis of Synchronized Truck-and-Drone Delivery Models. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 107648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107648
Murray, C. C.,& Chu, A. G. (2015). The flying sidekick traveling salesman problem:Optimization of drone-assisted parcel delivery. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies, 54, 86-109.
Murray, C. C., & Chu, A. G. (2015). The flying sidekick traveling salesman problem: Optimization of drone-assisted parcel delivery. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 54, 86–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.005
Murray, C. C., & Raj, R. (2020). The multiple flying sidekicks traveling salesman problem: Parcel delivery with multiple drones. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 110, 368–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.11.003
Nguyen, M. A., Dang, G. T.-H., Hà, M. H., & Pham, M.-T. (2022). The min-cost parallel drone scheduling vehicle routing problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 299(3), 910–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.07.008
Ponza, A. (2016).Optimization of drone-assisted parcel delivery.
Pugliese, L., & Guerriero, F. (2017). Last-Mile Deliveries by Using Drones and Classical Vehicles. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Last-Mile-Deliveries-by-Using-Drones-and-Classical-Pugliese-Guerriero/085e888ed9473915fc4706dd3eb17d1115565cb3
Rhodes, K.,Nehring, R., Wilk, B., & Patel, N. (2007, April 1). UPS Helper DispatchAnalysis. IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS.2007.4374034
Suguna, M., Shah, B., Raj, S. K., & Suresh, M. (2021). A study on the influential factors of the last mile delivery projects during Covid-19 era. Operations Management Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-021-00214-y
Vlahovic, N.,Knezevic, B., & Batalic, P. (2017). Implementing delivery drones inlogistics business process: Case of pharmaceutical industry. InternationalJournal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 10(12), 4026-4031.
Yuen, K. F., Koh, L. Y., Wong, Y. Q., &Wang, X. (2023). Sustainable crowdsourced delivery: A study of technological,health, value, and trust antecedents of consumer loyalty. Journal of CleanerProduction, 405, 137010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137010