尼龍6,6纖維低溫深染技術研究｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	徐忠晧 Chung-hao Hsu
論文名稱：	尼龍6,6纖維低溫深染技術研究 Investigation of Deep Dyeing of Polyamide 6, 6 Fibers at Low Temperatures
指導教授：	葉正濤 Jen-taut Yeh
口試委員:	邱士軒 Shih-hsuan Chiu 陳幹男 Kan-nan Chen 黃繼遠 Chi-yuan Huang 王權泉 Chyuan-chyuan Wang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	81
中文關鍵詞：	尼龍66 、低溫染色、深染
外文關鍵詞：	polyamide66, dyeing at low temperatures, deep dyeing
相關次數：	點閱：232 下載：2
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本研究主要針對環氧琥珀酸(Epoxysuccinic Acis, EPSA)及己二胺(Hexamethylene Diamine, HDMA)含量對改質尼龍66(Polyamide 66, PA66)纖維樣品的物性及熱性質之影響，以及對改質PA66織物樣本經反應性或酸性染料染色後之染色性與染色堅牢度作一系列之探討。隨著PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y系列纖維樣品內EPSA及HMDA含量的增加DSC曲線上對應於PA66的熔點明顯隨之降低。當PA-EPSAx樣品內EPSA含量≧15wt%以上時，EPSA會殘留於樣品內，所以在1704cm-1位置上逐漸再出現明顯的C=O伸縮振動特徵吸收峰。另一方面，當PA66及PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經80℃反應性或酸性染料染色1小時後，在PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y系列織物樣品的K/S值比PA66織物樣品提升約1.5至2倍。染料利用率明顯增加達深染效果，其中K/S值隨PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y系列織物樣品內EPSA及HMDA含量分別增加至15 wt%及2wt%時明顯提升至一漸進值。另外，經Reactive-Blue與Acid-Blue染料染色後的PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品，其各項(耐日光、耐水洗、耐摩擦、耐熱壓燙)染色堅牢度皆可比PA66 織物樣品經Acid-Blue染料染色後提升1/2級至1級。本研究之PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y系列纖維樣品，因末端胺機的提升而增加了染著席位，故與反應性及酸性染料有教強的反應或作用力，於低溫下行染色作業就能達到深色化效果且兼具良好的均染性及染色堅牢度。

This investigation of Epoxysuccinic Acid (EPSA) and Hexmethylene Diamine (HMDA) contents on physical and thermal properties of modified nylon66 (Polyamide 66, PA66) fibers, and on the dyeability and color fastness of modified PA66 fabric samples are reported in this study. The melting temperatures found for PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y fiber specimens reduce significantly as their EPSA and HMDA contents increase. The C=O stretching vibration band with a peak wavenumber at 1704cm-1 appeared gradually on the FTIR spectra of PA-EPSAx specimens with EPSA contents equal to or greater than 15 wt%. This is likely due to the overdosaged EPSA residues that remained in PA-EPSAx specimens without reaction with PA66 molecules. The peak wavenumbers corresponding to the N-H bending vibration, C=O stretching vibration and N-H stretching vibration bands of PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y shifted significantly after addition of varying amounts of EPSA and HMDA.
The K/S values of PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y fabrics specimens dyed with acid and reactive dyes at 80℃ for 1 hour are about 50 to 100% higher than those of the PA66 fiber. The K/S values of PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y fiber specimens increase dramatically as both EPSA and HMDA contents from 0 to 15 wt% and 0 to 2 wt%, and then reach an asymptotic value with the further increase in both EPSA and HMDA contents. The color fastness (light, washing, crocking) values of PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y fiber specimens improved by half and/or one grade better than those of PA66 fibers. Possible reasons accounting for the above interesting dyeing and color fastness properties of PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y fiber specimens are proposed in this study.

目   錄
論文摘要	I
ABSTRACT	Ⅱ
誌謝	Ⅳ
目錄	Ⅴ
圖表索引	Ⅶ

第一章 前言................................................................................................1
第二章 文獻回顧........................................................................................3
2.1 尼龍簡介...........................................................................................3
2.2 尼龍6, 6............................................................................................4
2.3 尼龍6, 6纖維的性能及用途...........................................................7
2.4 尼龍6, 6纖維的改質研究.............................................................13
   2.4.1 相容劑對尼龍的改性研究....................................................15
2.5尼龍6, 6染色的發展概況..............................................................19
   2.5.1陽離子可染型尼龍纖維之發展.............................................22
2.6 各種染料對尼龍6, 6纖維的染著機構.........................................23
   2.6.1 染料概論................................................................................23
   2.6.2 表觀濃度值測色理論............................................................27   2.6.3 朗伯-比爾定律.............................................................................29
   2.6.4 尼龍6, 6的染色特性............................................................30
   2.6.5 酸性染料介紹及與尼龍6, 6之染著機構...........................32
   2.6.6 反應性染料介紹及與尼龍6, 6之染著機構.......................34
2.7 尼龍纖維以各種低溫染色法之原理及比較................................36

第三章 實驗..............................................................................................37
  3.1 材料與設備.....................................................................................37
    3.1.1 實驗材料..................................................................................37
    3.1.2 實驗設備..................................................................................38
  3.2 樣品製備.........................................................................................39
  3.3 染色流程.........................................................................................43
  3.4傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜測試..........................................................44
  3.5 微差掃描熱量分析.........................................................................45
  3.6 色彩值及可見光光譜分析.............................................................46
  3.7 耐日光染色堅牢度測試.................................................................47
  3.8 耐水洗染色堅牢度測試.................................................................48
  3.9 耐摩擦染色堅牢度測試.................................................................49
  3.10 耐熱壓燙染色堅牢度測試...........................................................50

第四章 結果與討論..................................................................................51
  4.1 MPA66 共混樹脂樣品FT-IR分析................................................51
  4.2 MPA66 共混樹脂樣品DSC分析..................................................55
  4.3 MPA66 織物樣品染色後之表觀濃度K/S分析...........................60
  4.4 MPA66 織物樣品染色後耐日光染色堅牢度分析.......................67
  4.5 MPA66 織物樣品染色後耐水洗染色堅牢度分析.......................69
  4.6 MPA66 織物樣品染色後耐摩擦染色堅牢度分析.......................71
  4.7 MPA66 織物樣品染色後耐熱壓燙染色堅牢度分析...................73

第五章 結論..............................................................................................75
參考文獻....................................................................................................76
圖表索引
一、圖索引
圖 2.2-1   尼龍 6,6單體和聚合物分子結構........................................6
圖 2.2-2   尼龍6, 6長鏈間的氫鍵結構................................................6
圖 2.6-1   染料發色之量子力學理論..................................................23
圖 2.6-2   染料發色的醌型理論..........................................................24
圖 2.6-3   染料發色的共振構造理論..................................................24
圖 2.6-4   色素之分類..........................................................................25
圖 2.6-5   有色物質反射光譜曲線......................................................27
圖 2.6-6   物體的吸收雨散射之關係圖..............................................28
圖 2.6-7   尼龍纖維與分散性染料之氫鍵結......................................30
圖 2.6-8   酸性染料之分類...................................................................32
圖 2.6-9   酸性染料之化學結構通式...................................................33
圖 2.6-10  酸性染料對尼龍6,6纖維的染著機構...............................33
圖 2.6-11  反應性染料之分類...............................................................34
圖 2.6-12  反應性染料之化學結構通式...............................................35
圖 2.6-13  反應性染料對尼龍6,6纖維的染著機構...........................35
圖 3.2-1　 實驗流程圖...........................................................................42
圖 3.3-1   染色作業之升溫曲線圖.......................................................43
圖 3.8-1   標準洗滌試驗機...................................................................48
圖 3.9-1   標準摩擦試驗機II型..........................................................49
圖 4.1-1   (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA5, (c) PA-EPSA10, (d) PA-EPSA15, (e) PA-EPSA20, (f) EPSA 的傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜.............53
圖4.1-2  (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA10, (c) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-0.5, (d) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-1.0, (e) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-1.5, (f) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-2, (g) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-2.5, (h) HMDA, (i) EPSA 的傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜.......................................54
圖 4.2-1   (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA5, (c) PA- EPSA10, (d) PA- EPSA 15, (e) PA- EPSA20, (f) EPSA 纖維樣品的DSC熱分析圖譜.......56
圖 4.2-2   (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA5-HMDA-0.5, (c) PA-EPSA5-HMDA-1.0, (d) PA-EPSA5-HMDA-1.5 (e) PA-EPSA5-HMDA-2.0, (f) PA-EPSA5- HMDA-2.5 纖維樣品的DSC熱分析圖譜.................................56
圖 4.2-3   (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-0.5, (c) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-1.0, (d) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-1.5, (e) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-2.0, (f) PA-EPSA10- HMDA-2.5 纖維樣品的DSC熱分析圖....................................57
圖 4.2-4   (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA15-HMDA-0.5, (c) PA-EPSA15-HMDA-1.0, (d) PA-EPSA15-HMDA-1.5, (e) PA-EPSA15-HMDA-2.0, (f) PA-EPSA15- HMDA-2.5 纖維樣品的DSC熱分析圖.....................................57
圖 4.2-5   (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA20-HMDA-0.5, (c) PA-EPSA20-HMDA-1.0, (d) PA-EPSA20-HMDA-1.5, (e) PA-EPSA20-HMDA-2.0, (f) PA-EPSA20- HMDA-2.5 纖維樣品的DSC熱分析圖....................................58
圖 4.2-6  (a) PA66, (b) PA-EPSA5-HMDA-2.5, (c) PA-EPSA10-HMDA-2.5, (d) PA-EPSA15-HMDA-2.5, (e) PA-EPSA20-HMDA-2.5 纖維樣品的DSC熱分析圖......................................................................................58
圖4.3-1 PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Reactive-Red染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值....................62
圖4.3-2  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Acid-Red染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值...............62
圖4.3-3  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Reactive-Yellow染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值.....63
圖4.3-4  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Acid-Yellow染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值...........63
圖4.3-5  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C Reactive-Blue染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值..............64
圖4.3-6  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Acid-Blue染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值...............64
圖4.3-7  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Reactive-Black染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值.......65
圖4.3-8  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Acid-Black染料染色後之表觀濃度K/S色彩值.............65
圖4.3-9  PA66 (●), PA-EPSA5-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA10-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y (○), PA-EPSA20-HMDA-y (○), 經過 80°C的Reactive-Black染料染色後之吸光度值...........................66
 
二、表索引
表1-1	  尼龍、聚酯、棉纖維特性優勢之比較......................................2
表2.3-1  尼龍6, 6工業上的主要產品應用...........................................11
表2.3-2  尼龍6,6纖維之物性................................................................12
表2.6-1  合成染料的分類與其性質.......................................................26
表3.2-1  PA66與MPA樹脂配方及代號表............................................40
表3.2-2  熔融紡絲加工條件參數設定...................................................41
表3.7-1  耐日光染色堅牢度各級數之褪色時間點對照表...................47
表4.2-1  PA66、PA-EPSAx及PA-EPSAx-HMDA-y纖維樣品DSC分析....59
表4.4-1  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Reactive-Blue染料染色後之耐日光染色堅牢度....................................................68
表4.4-2  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Acid-Blue染料染色後之耐日光染色堅牢度.......................................................68
表4.5-1  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Reactive-Blue染料染色後之耐水洗染色堅牢度..................................................70
表4.5-2  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Acid-Blue染料染色後之耐水洗染色堅牢度......................................................70
表4.6-1  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Reactive-Blue染料染色後之耐摩擦染色堅牢度..................................................72
表4.6-2  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Acid-Blue染料染色後之耐摩擦染色堅牢度.......................................................72
表4.7-1  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Reactive-Blue染料染色後之耐熱壓燙染色堅牢度..............................................74
表4.7-2  PA66、PA-EPSA15-HMDA-y系列織物樣品經Acid-Blue染料染色後之耐熱壓燙染色堅牢度......................................................74

                                

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