近年來，為了滿足客戶低成本及及時上市的新產品需求，企業極為重視如何促進在設計鏈中企業內及企業之間合作行為的方法；另外，多代理人相關技術的快速發展，被視為可以用於協助分散式合作的活動，同時，最近發展的設計鏈作業參考模式，可被企業用來分析其設計鏈的架構和流程所需的共通專業術語。整合設計鏈作業參考模式，並透過現有的多代理人方法，將可提供企業合作活動所需機制的需求。然而，現有相關的研究，雖然非常的需要但仍很缺乏。因此，本研究提出三個階段設計鏈作業參考模式導向的多代理人系統發展架構，以促進設計鏈的合作活動，第一階段為設計鏈合作需求建模階段，主要為設計鏈作業參考模式中的第一層至第三層模型，以建構企業所需的設計鏈合作活動，進一步利用設計鏈作業參考模式第三層模型基礎，利用事件驅動流程鏈分行表示法，建構企業設計鏈作業參考模式的第四層模型，以描述企業特定實務的實作；其次，第二階段則為代理人規格發展階段，主要從設計鏈作業參考模式第四層模型分析各代理人所需扮演的角色和行為，緊接著將其轉換為代理人類别和方法，以協助代理人系統中代理人扮演角色並執行其行為，以完成企業內及企業間的合作活動；最後階段則為多代理人執行與測試階段，主要為利用JADE 代理人中介平台，應用設計鏈作業參考模式導向發展的多代理人系統，協助企業的合作活動。

Recently, methods of promoting design chain cooperation has drawn much attention from business. Promoting design chain cooperation requires that business and their design chain members to communicate and cooperate via a computer network environment. The multi-agent system (MAS) has been considered a promising enabling technology for design chain cooperation; several all-purpose MAS development approaches have been proposed, and MAS have been applied to design chain cooperation in many studies. However, most of these research works focus on a specific design issue that leads to a particular solution, and none provides a standardised MAS development framework for business for implementing their design chain cooperation. Thenewly proposed industry standard by the Supply Chain Council, the Design Chain Operations Reference-model (DCOR), has been recognized as a good tool for design process analysis, and this research integrates this industry standard into an existing MAS development approaches to develop a standardised MAS development framework for business to implement design chain cooperation. The framework proposed in this paper has three phases. In the design chain cooperation requirements modeling phase, the desired operations of design chain cooperation are described with DCOR. Next, the MAS specification development phase determines the specification of agents by using the existing MAS approaches. Finally, the MAS implementation and test phase implements the MAS specification on JADE platform to support the cooperation requirements of the business.

Alisantoso, D., Khoo, L.P., Lee, I.B.H., and Lu, W.F., 2006. A Design Representation Scheme for Collaborative Product Development. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 30, 30-39.
Barnett, M. W., Miller, C. J., 2000. Analysis the virtual enterprise using distributed supply chain modeling and simulation an application of e-SCOR. In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference, 352-355.
Bauer, B., Muller, J.P., and Odell, J., 2001. Agent UML: A Formalism for Specifying Multiagent Software Systems. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 11(3), 207-230.
Bellifemine, F., Caire, G., and Greenwood, D., 2007. Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons: England.
Bresciani, P., Giorgini, P., Giunchiglis, F., Mylopoulos, J., and Perini, A., 2003. Tropos: an agent-oriented software development methodology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
Cabri, G., Ferrari, L., and Leonardi, L., 2004. Agent Role-Based Collaboration and Coordination: A Survey about Existing Approaches. In: Proceedings of 2004 IEEE International Conference for Systems, Man and Cybernetics 6, 5473- 5478.
Caire, G., Coulier, W., Garijo, F., Gornez, J., Pavon, J., Leal, F., Chainho, P., Kerney, P., Stark, J., Evans R., and Massonet, P., 2001. Agent Oriented Analysis Using MESSAGE/ UML. Available from: MESSAGE Website, http:// www.eurescom.de/ ~public-webspace/ P900-series/ P907/ index.htm [Accessed 1 July 2006].
Charlton, P., and Cattoni, R., 2001. Evaluating the Development of FIPA Standards when Developing Application Services. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 15(3), 551-577.
Choi, Y., Kim, K., and Kim, C., 2005. A Design Chain Collaboration Framework Using Reference Models. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 26, 183-190.
Chu, C-H, Cheng, C-Y, and Wu, C-W, 2006. Applications of the Web-based collaborative visualization in distributed product development. Computers in Industry, 57, 272–282.
Das, K., 2004. Evolving Business Models for the Mobile Cellular and Related Semiconductor. IEEE International Engineering Management Conference 635-639.
DeLoach, S.A., Wood, M.F., and Sparkman, C.H., 2001. Multiagent Systems Engineering. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 11(3), 231-258.
Dumas, M., van der Aalst, W. M., and ter Hofstede, A.H., 2005. Process-aware information systems: bridging people and software through process technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, USA.
Dyer, J.H., 1997. Effective Inter firm Collaboration: How Firms Minimize Transaction Costs and Maximize Transaction Value. Strategic Management Journal, 8(7), 535-556.
Ferber, J., 1999. Multi-Agent System: An Introduction to Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman.
Fulcher, J., 2006. Supply Chain Council Unveils Model for Developing Products. Manufacturing Business Technology, 10-11.
Gervais, M-P, 2003. ODAC: an agent-oriented methodology based on ODP. Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, 7, 199-228.
Hao, Q., Shen, W., Zhang, Z., Park, S.-W., and Lee, J.-K., 2006. Agent-Based Collaborative Product Design Engineering: An Industrial Case Study. Computers in Industry, 57, 26-38.
Huang, G. Q., 2002. Web-based support for collaborative product design review. Computers in Industry, 48, 71–88.
Huang, S.H., Sheoran, S.K., and Keskar, H., 2005. Computer-Assisted Supply Chain Configuration Based on Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model. Computer & Industrial Engineering, 48, 377-394.
JADE, http://jade.tilab.com, [Accessed 1 July 2003].
Jennings, N.R., Sycara, K., and Wooldridge, M., 1998. A Roadmap of Agent Research and Development. Autonomous agents and Multi-agent systems, 1, 7-38.
Jia, H. Z., Ong, S. K., Fun, J. Y. H., Zhang, Y. F., and Nee, A. Y. C., 2004. An adaptive and upgradable agent-based system for coordinated product development and manufacture. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 10, 79-90.
Kasi, V., 2005. Systemic Assessment of SCOR for Modeling Supply Chains. In: Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1-10.
Kendall, E.A., Palanivelan, U., and Kalikivayi, S., 1998. Capturing and Structuring Goals: Analysis Patterns. In: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programming and Computing, Bad Irsee: Germany.
Kima, K-Y, Manley, D., and Yang ,G., H., 2006. Ontology-based assembly design and information sharing for collaborative product development. Computer-Aided Design, 38, 1233–1250.
Kulvatunyou, B., Ivezic, N., Wysk, R., and Jones, A., 2003. Integrated product and process data for business to business collaboration. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 17, 253–270.
Kuo, C.-H., Huang, H.-P., Jeng, M., and Jeng, L.-D., 2005. Separation Model Design of Manufacturing Systems Using the Distributed Agent-Oriented Petri Net. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 18(2-3), 146-157.
Li, W. D., and Qiu, Z. M., 2006. State-of-the-art technologies and methodologies for collaborative product development systems. International Journal of Production Research, 44(13), 2525–2559.
Liang, W.Y., and Huang, C. C., 2002. The agent-based collaboration information system of product development. International Journal of Information Management, 22, 211-224.
Lu, L. Y.Y., and Yang, C., 2004. The R&D and marketing cooperation across new product development stages: An empirical study of Taiwan’s IT industry. Industrial marketing management, 33, 593-605.
Madhusudan, T., 2005. An agent-based approach for coordinating product design workflows. Computers in Industry, 56(3), 235 – 259.
McIvor, R., and Humphreys, P., 2004. Early supplier involvement in the design process: lessons from the electronics industry. Omega, 32,179-199.
Noori, H., and Lee, W. B., 2004. Collaborative design in a networked enterprise: The case of the telecommunications industry. International Journal of Production Research, 42(15), 3041–3054.
Nwana, H.S., 1996. Software Agents: An Overview. Knowledge Engineering Review, 11(3), 1-40.
Nwana, H.S., Ndumu D.T., Lee, L.C., and Collis, J.C., 1999. ZEUS: A Tool-Kit for Building Distributed Multi-Agent Systems. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence, 13, 129-186.
Park, S., and Sugumaran, V., 2005. Designing multi-agent systems: a framework and application.Expert Systems with Application. 28, 259-271.
Rosenman, M., and Wang, F., 2001. A Component Agent Based Open CAD System for Collaborative Design. Automation in Construction, 10, 383-397.
Sandhu, R.S., Coyne, E.J., Feinstein, H.L., and Youman, C.E., 1996. Role-Based Accesses Control Models. IEEE Computer, 29(2), 38–47.
Scheer, A. W., 2000, ARIS architecture and reference models for business process manamgement, techniques and empirical studies. LNCS 1806, 366-379.
Scholz-Reiter, B., and Höhns, H., 2003. Integrated Software Agents: Enabling Technology for Collaborative E-Logistics and E-Business. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 16(7-8), 517-525.
Schwartz, K. D., 2002. Triumph of a new design paradigm: the reliance of ODMs and their OEM customers on outsiders for cell phone designs is staggering. Electronic Business, 3-7.
Shen, W., Norrie, D. H., and Barthes, J-P A, 2001. Multi-Agent systems for concurrent intelligent design and manufacturing. Taylor& Francis, NY, USA.
Sun, J., Zhang, Y.F., and Nee, A. Y. C., 2000. Agent-based design and planning for distributed concurrent engineering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics & automation, San Francisco, CA, 3101-3106.
Sun, J., Zhange, Y. F., and Nee, A. Y.C., 2001. A distributed multi-agent environment for product and manufacturing planning. International Journal of Production Research, 39(4), 625-645.
Supply-Chain Council, 2004. Design-Chain Council Established as a Special Interest Group within the Supply-Chain Council - Focus on Design Chain Issues and the Design-Chain Operations Reference-Model, Available from: http://www.supply-chain.org/cs/root/news_press/view_news_release?pressrelease.id=24 [Accessed 1July 2007].
Supply-Chain Council, 2006. Design Chain Operations Reference-model (DCOR) Version 1.0, Supply-Chain Council: Pennsylvania.
Tan, G. W., Hayes, C. C., and Shaw, M., 1996. An intelligent- agent Framework for concurrent product design and planning. IEEE transaction on engineering management, Vol. 43, (3), 297-306.
Tasi, C-Y, Sun, T.-H., and Huang, J-X, 2006. A web-based XML information sharing system for collaborative product development. International Journal of Production Research, 44(15), 2955–2976.
Wang, J. X., and Tang, M. X., 2005. Knowledge Representation in an Agent-Based Collaborative Product Design Environment. In: The 9th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design Proceedings, 1, 423-428.
Wang, L., Shen, W., Xie, H., Neelamkavil, J., and Pardasani, A., 2002. Collaborative Conceptual Design – State of the Art and Future Trends. Computer-Aided Design, 34, 981-996.
Wang, Y.H., Yin, C.W., and Zhang, Y., 2003. A Multi-Agent and Distributed Ruler Based Approach to Production Scheduling of Agile Manufacturing Systems. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 16(2), 81-92.
Wognum, P.M., Fisscher, O.A.M., and Weenink, S.A.J., 2002. Balanced Relationships: Management of Client-Supplier Relationships in Product Development. Technovation, 22, 341-351.
Wooldridge, M., Jennings, N.R., and Kinny, D., 2000. The Gaia Methodology for Agent-Oriented Analysis and Design. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 3, 285-312.
Wu, W.H., Yeh, S.C., and Fang, L.C., 2006. The Development of a Collaborative Design Chain Reference Model for the Motorcycle Industry. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Electronic Publishing (DOI 10.1007/s00170-006-0722-0).
Yongtong, H., and Ping, L., 1996. A multiagent system for the support of concurrent engineering. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1996, Vol. 2, 959-964.
Zambonelli, F., Jennings, N. R., and Wooldridge, M., 2003. Developing multiagent systems: the gaia methodology. ACM Transactions on software engineering and methodology (TOSEM), 12(3), 317-370.
Zhana, H.F., W.B. Lee, Cheung, C.F., Kwo, S.K., and Gu, X.J., 2003. A web-based collaborative product design platform for dispersed network manufacturing. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 138, 600–604.