國內集水區大多位於降雨強度高及地質較為脆弱之不穩定崩積土層山區，此種地理條件易因降雨誘發山坡地崩塌。因此，坡地災害防範，是值得重視的議題。可採取措施之ㄧ為安裝自動監測系統以即時掌控崩積土壤邊坡狀況，並達到預警之效果。
崩積土壤大都是位於地下水位以上之不飽和土壤，本研究針對石門水庫集水區選定一崩積土坡，藉由Guelph滲透儀量測淺層土壤滲透係數，同時搭配當地降雨資料，探討現地崩積土滲透係數與降雨之關係。另外於自動監測系統部份，本研究透過一系列測試，以瞭解整體監測系統之運作並探討各量測儀器之優缺點。
本研究結果顯示，不飽和崩積土之滲透係數會隨降雨量變化而改變，並與現地含水量有密切關係。同時透過監測系統整合測試後發現，連接線材的長短對電子訊號有一定程度之干擾影響。而在感應器部分，張力計於土壤較乾燥時，常因陶瓷頭不飽和問題使其喪失量測功能，水份計則無此問題。於量測吸力值方面，水份計於土壤高含水量情況下，無法反應出低吸力範圍之變化情形，張力計則無此問題。

In Taiwan, the reservoir watersheds are often located in a high rainfall intensity region where the colluvium soil slope is weak and unstable. Landslide takes place frequently in such geology conditions. Therefore, preventing the landslide is worthy of further study. Using an automatic monitoring system is an essential method to assess the slope condition and provide early warning.
The colluvium soil is usually unsaturated and locates above the groundwater table. This study adopts the Guelph permeameter to measure the permeability of colluvium soils that located on a slope nearby the Shihmen reservoir. In addition, the rainfall intensity in this region is monitored to study the relationship between the rainfall data and soil hydraulic conductivity. Further, the matric suction of unsaturated soil is evaluated by a monitoring system. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the operational characteristics of the system. The advantages and shortcomings of each monitor device are then discussed.
The results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated colluvium soil varies at various rainfall intensities. In addition, this conductivity and the field water content are closely related. Systematic measurement indicates that the length of the transmission line also affects the noise of electronic signals. Moreover, the tensiometer and water mark used for measuring the matric suction of the soil exhibit different behavior at different soil water contents. At low water content or for dry soil, the porous ceramic probe of tensiometer becomes unsaturated and then malfunctioned. The water mark system does not encounter this problem. On the other hand, at high soil water content the water mark cannot correctly measure the matric suction. The tensiometer, in contrast, can clearly indicate its variations.

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