簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: NGUYEN NGOC THUY
NGUYEN NGOC THUY
論文名稱: HOW COVID-19 IMPACTS THE PURCHASE INTENTION OF ORGANIC FOOD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
HOW COVID-19 IMPACTS THE PURCHASE INTENTION OF ORGANIC FOOD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
指導教授: 吳克振
Wu, Cou-Chen
口試委員: 張順教
Chang, Shun-Chiao
王蕙芝
Wang, Hui Chih
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 企業管理系
Department of Business Administration
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 68
中文關鍵詞: COVID-19Purchase IntentionOrganic FoodSoutheast Asia
外文關鍵詞: COVID-19, Purchase Intention, Organic Food, Southeast Asia
相關次數: 點閱:326下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

Organic food industry growth continues to garner increasing interest from researchers and agribusiness entrepreneurs, particularly in the context of emerging and developing countries. This study identifies the role of COVID-19, availability, price, trust in eco-labels, health consciousness, environmental concern, organic knowledge, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control as driving forces for the intention to purchase organic food by customers from emerging countries in Southeast Asia.
Data was collected from 449 respondents. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was used in the analysis. The findings indicate significant shifts in how people in Southeast Asia eat, shop, and engage with food. Indeed, the survey findings indicated (i) a shift toward healthier diets under the impact of COVID-19; (ii) an increase in the attitude towards organic products due to eco-label trust; (iii) a change in health consciousness and organic knowledge because of eco-label trust.
The study aided stakeholders and organic food manufacturers in appreciating the COVID-19 market environment, which is crucial for gaining a complete understanding of the market and ensuring the organic food industry's sustainability. A novel research approach is proposed and validated in connection to individual purchasing decisions in the context of global health concerns, a field of study that is currently neglected in the literature. As a result of the study, a deeper understanding of green consumption, particularly in the Southeast Asian market, has been gained.


Organic food industry growth continues to garner increasing interest from researchers and agribusiness entrepreneurs, particularly in the context of emerging and developing countries. This study identifies the role of COVID-19, availability, price, trust in eco-labels, health consciousness, environmental concern, organic knowledge, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control as driving forces for the intention to purchase organic food by customers from emerging countries in Southeast Asia.
Data was collected from 449 respondents. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was used in the analysis. The findings indicate significant shifts in how people in Southeast Asia eat, shop, and engage with food. Indeed, the survey findings indicated (i) a shift toward healthier diets under the impact of COVID-19; (ii) an increase in the attitude towards organic products due to eco-label trust; (iii) a change in health consciousness and organic knowledge because of eco-label trust.
The study aided stakeholders and organic food manufacturers in appreciating the COVID-19 market environment, which is crucial for gaining a complete understanding of the market and ensuring the organic food industry's sustainability. A novel research approach is proposed and validated in connection to individual purchasing decisions in the context of global health concerns, a field of study that is currently neglected in the literature. As a result of the study, a deeper understanding of green consumption, particularly in the Southeast Asian market, has been gained.

ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v TABLE OF CONTENT vi LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Research purpose 2 1.3 Research structure 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Organic food 4 2.2 Indonesia organic food market trends during COVID-19 pandemic 4 2.3 Vietnam organic food market trends during COVID-19 pandemic 5 2.4 Health consciousness 6 2.5 Eco-label trust 6 2.6 Price 7 2.7 Availability 7 2.8 Organic knowledge 8 2.9 Environmental concern 8 2.10 Theory of planned behavior 9 2.11 Development of hypotheses 10 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19 3.1. Research approach 19 3.2 Questionnaire design and measurement 19 3.3 Data collection procedure 22 3.4 Data statistical methods 23 3.4.1 Descriptive statistics 23 3.4.2 Reliability analysis 23 3.4.3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) 24 3.4.4 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) 24 CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 26 4.1 Descriptive statistics 26 4.1.1. Sample description 26 4.1.2 Descriptive statistics 28 4.2 Reliability analysis 29 4.3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) 32 4.4 Structural Equation Modelling 35 4.4.1 Test the theoretical model 35 4.4.2. Hypotheses testing 37 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 40 5.1 Discussion 40 5.2 Theoretical Implications 41 5.3. Managerial implications 41 5.4 Limitations and suggestions for future research 43 5.5 Future research directions 44 REFERENCE 45 APPENDIX A 60

Adawiyah, R., Najib, M., & Ali, M. M. (2021). Information Effect on Organic Vegetable Purchase Interest through Consumer Preferences and Awareness. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 1055–1062.
Addo, P. C., Jiaming, F., Kulbo, N. B., & Liangqiang, L. (2020). COVID-19: fear appeal favoring purchase behavior towards personal protective equipment. Service Industries Journal, 40(7–8), 471–490.
Adriani, D., & Yustini, T. (2021). Anticipating the demographic bonus from the perspective of human capital in Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(6), 141–152.
Aertsens, J., Mondelaers, K., Verbeke, W., Buysse, J., & Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2011). The influence of subjective and objective knowledge on attitude, motivations and consumption of organic food. British food journal.
Ahmad, W., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Green purchase intention: Effects of electronic service quality and customer green psychology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 267, 122053.
Anderson, J. R. (1987). Skill acquisition: Compilation of weak-method problem situations. Psychological review, 94(2), 192.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2006). Behavioral interventions based on the theory of planned behavior.
Arvola, A., Vassallo, M., Dean, M., Lampila, P., Saba, A., Lähteenmäki, L., & Shepherd, R. (2008). Predicting intentions to purchase organic food: The role of affective and moral attitudes in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite, 50(2–3), 443–454.
Aschemann‐Witzel, J., & Niebuhr Aagaard, E. M. (2014). Elaborating on the attitude–behaviour gap regarding organic products: young D anish consumers and in‐store food choice. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(5), 550-558.
Asif, M., Xuhui, W., Nasiri, A., & Ayyub, S. (2018). Determinant factors influencing organic food purchase intention and the moderating role of awareness: A comparative analysis. Food Quality and preference, 63, 144-150.
Awang, Z, Lim, SH. & Zainudin, NFS. (2018). Pendekatan Mudah SEM- Structural Equation Modelling. Bandar BaruBangi, MPWS Rich Resources
Bamberg, S. (2003). How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question. Journal of environmental psychology, 23(1), 21-32.
Barbarossa, C., & De Pelsmacker, P. (2016). Positive and negative antecedents of purchasing eco-friendly products: A comparison between green and non-green consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(2), 229-247.
Beardsworth, A., Bryman, A., Keil, T., Goode, J., Haslam, C., & Lancashire, E. (2002). Women, men and food: The significance of gender for nutritional attitudes and choices. British Food Journal, 104(7), 470–491.
Ben Hassen, T., El Bilali, H., & Allahyari, M. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on food behavior and consumption in Qatar. Sustainability, 12(17), 6973.
Bonne, K., Vermeir, I., Bergeaud‐Blackler, F., & Verbeke, W. (2007). Determinants of halal meat consumption in France. British Food Journal.
Bougherara, D., & Combris, P. (2009). Eco-labelled food products: what are consumers paying for?. European review of agricultural economics, 36(3), 321-341.
Bratt, C., Hallstedt, S., Robèrt, K. H., Broman, G., & Oldmark, J. (2011). Assessment of eco-labelling criteria development from a strategic sustainability perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(14), 1631-1638.
Bryła, P. (2016). Organic food consumption in Poland: Motives and barriers. Appetite, 105, 737-746.
BUI, T. Q., NGUYEN, N. T., NGUYEN, K. K., & TRAN, T. T. (2021). Antecedents affecting purchase intention of green skincare products: A case study in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 1295-1302.
Cachero-Martínez, S. (2020). Consumer behaviour towards organic products: The moderating role of environmental concern. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(12), 330.
Chamorro, A., Miranda, F. J., Rubio, S., & Valero, V. (2012). Innovations and trends in meat consumption: An application of the Delphi method in Spain. Meat science, 92(4), 816-822.
Chamorro, A., Rubio, S., & Miranda, F. J. (2009). Characteristics of research on green marketing. Business Strategy and the Environment, 18(4), 223–239.
CHANG-CLAUDE, J. E. N. N. Y., & FRENTZEL-BEYME, R. A. I. N. E. R. (1993). Dietary and lifestyle determinants of mortality among German vegetarians. International journal of epidemiology, 22(2), 228-236.
Chekima, B., Igau, A., Wafa, S. A. W. S. K., & Chekima, K. (2017). Narrowing the gap: Factors driving organic food consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 1438-1447.
Chen, M. F. (2007). Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions in relation to organic foods in Taiwan: Moderating effects of food-related personality traits. Food Quality and Preference, 18(7), 1008–1021.
Chen, M. F. (2009). Attitude toward organic foods among Taiwanese as related to health consciousness, environmental attitudes, and the mediating effects of a healthy lifestyle. British Food Journal, 111(2), 165–178.
Chen, M. F., & Tung, P. J. (2014). Developing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model to predict consumers’ intention to visit green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 221–230.
Chen, W. (2013). The effects of different types of trust on consumer perceptions of food safety: An empirical study of consumers in Beijing Municipality, China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 5(1), 43–65.
Chen, Y. S. (2008). The positive effect of green intellectual capital on competitive advantages of firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(3), 271–286.
Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions: The roles of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust. Management Decision, 50(3), 502–520.
Cho, Y. N., Thyroff, A., Rapert, M. I., Park, S. Y., & Lee, H. J. (2013). To be or not to be green: Exploring individualism and collectivism as antecedents of environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1052–1059.
Chrysochou, P., & Grunert, K. G. (2014). Health-related ad information and health motivation effects on product evaluations. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1209-1217.
Cohen, R. J. (1999). What qualitative research can be. Psychology & Marketing, 16(4), 351-367.
Ćirić, M., Ilić, D., Ignjatijević, S., & Brkanlić, S. (2020). Consumer behaviour in online shopping organic food during the Covid-19 pandemic in Serbia. Food and Feed Research, 47(2), 149–158.
Cranfield, J. A. (2020). Framing consumer food demand responses in a viral pandemic. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 151-156.
Cristobal, E., Flavian, C., & Guinaliu, M. (2007). Perceived e‐service quality (PeSQ): Measurement validation and effects on consumer satisfaction and web site loyalty. Managing service quality: An international journal.
EIT. (2021). COVID-19 impact on consumer food behaviours in Europe. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://eit.europa.eu/library/study-covid-19-impact-consumer-food-behaviours-europe.
Daugbjerg, C., Smed, S., Andersen, L. M., & Schvartzman, Y. (2014). Improving Eco-labelling as an Environmental Policy Instrument: Knowledge, Trust and Organic Consumption. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 16(4), 559–575.
Davies, A., Titterington, A. J., & Cochrane, C. (1995). Who buys organic food? A profile of the purchasers of organic food in Northern Ireland. British Food Journal.
David, W., & Ardiansyah. (2017). Organic agriculture in Indonesia: challenges and opportunities. Organic Agriculture, 7(3), 329–338.
De Koning, J. I. J. C., Crul, M. R. M., Wever, R., & Brezet, J. C. (2015). Sustainable consumption in Vietnam: an explorative study among the urban middle class. International journal of consumer studies, 39(6), 608-618.
De Magistris, T., & Gracia, A. (2008). The decision to buy organic food products in Southern Italy. British food journal.
Demirtas, B. (2018). Assessment of the impacts of the consumers’ awareness of organic food on consumption behavior. Food Science and Technology, 39, 881-888.
Dettmann, R. L., & Dimitri, C. (2010). Who’s buying organic vegetables? Demographic characteristics of U.S. consumers. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 16(1), 79–91.
Duquenne, M. N., & Vlontzos, G. (2014). The impact of the Greek crisis on the consumers’ behaviour: some initial evidences? British Food Journal.
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1995). Attitude strength, attitude structure, and resistance to change. Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences, 4(2), 413-432.
Effendi, I., Ginting, P., Lubis, A. N., & Fachruddin, K. A. (2015). Analysis of consumer behavior of organic food in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), 44-58.
ElHaffar, G., Durif, F., & Dubé, L. (2020). Towards closing the attitude-intention-behavior gap in green consumption: A narrative review of the literature and an overview of future research directions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122556.
Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility. Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences, 4, 247-282.
Fink, A., & Litwin, M. S. (1995). How to measure survey reliability and validity (Vol. 7). New York: Sage.
Finlay, K. A., Trafimow, D., & Jones, D. (1997). Predicting health behaviors from attitudes and subjective norms: Between‐subjects and within‐subjects analyses. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(22), 2015-2031.
Feng, S., Shen, C., Xia, N., Song, W., Fan, M., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 434-436.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gan, C., Limsombunchai, V., Clemes, M., & Weng, A. (2005). Consumer Choice Prediction: Artificial Neural Networks versus Logistic Models. Journal of Social Sciences, 1(4), 211–219.
Ghazali, E., Soon, P. C., Mutum, D. S., & Nguyen, B. (2017). Health and cosmetics: Investigating consumers’ values for buying organic personal care products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 39, 154-163.
Głąbska, D., Skolmowska, D., & Guzek, D. (2020). Population-based study of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene behaviors—Polish adolescents’ COVID-19 experience (PLACE-19) study. Sustainability, 12(12), 4930.
Gracia Royo, A., & de-Magistris, T. (2007). Organic food product purchase behaviour: a pilot study for urban consumers in the South of Italy.
Grankvist, G., Lekedal, H., & Marmendal, M. (2007). Values and eco‐and fair‐trade labelled products. British Food Journal.
Grunert, K. G. (2005). Food quality and safety: consumer perception and demand. European review of agricultural economics, 32(3), 369-391.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Edition). NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hair, J., Tatham, R., Anderson, R., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice-Hall London.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Alih bahasa: Soleh Rusyadi Maryam. Jilid, 2.
Ham, M., Pap, A., & Stanic, M. (2018). What drives organic food purchasing? Evidence from Croatia. British Food Journal, 120(4), 734–748.
Hampson, D. P., & McGoldrick, P. J. (2013). A typology of adaptive shopping patterns in recession. Journal of business research, 66(7), 831-838.
Hansell, S., & White, H. R. (1991). Adolescent drug use, psychological distress, and physical symptoms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 288-301.
Han, H., Hsu, L. T. J., & Sheu, C. (2010). Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism management, 31(3), 325-334.
Hassan, H. A., Abbas, S. K., Zainab, F., Waqar, N., & Hashmi, Z. M. (2018). Motivations for green consumption in an emerging market. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(5).
Hill, H., & Lynchehaun, F. (2002). Organic milk: attitudes and consumption patterns. British Food Journal.
Hoque, M. Z., Alam, M., & Nahid, K. A. (2018). Health consciousness and its effect on perceived knowledge, and belief in the purchase intent of liquid milk: Consumer insights from an emerging market. Foods, 7(9), 150.
Hsu, C. C., Tan, K. C., Zailani, S. H. M., & Jayaraman, V. (2013). Supply chain drivers that foster the development of green initiatives in an emerging economy. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Hu, Z., Lin, X., Kaminga, A. C., & Xu, H. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle behaviors and their association with subjective well-being among the general population in mainland China: Cross-sectional study. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(8).
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online readings in psychology and culture, 2(1), 2307-0919.
Irianto, H. (2015). Consumers' attitude and intention towards organic food purchase: An extension of theory of planned behavior in gender perspective. International journal of management, economics and social sciences, 4(1), 17-31.
Irland, L.C. (1993). Wood producers face green marketing era: Environmentally Sound Products. Wood Technology, 120 -134
Janssen, M., & Hamm, U. (2012). Product labelling in the market for organic food: Consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay for different organic certification logos. Food Quality and Preference, 25(1), 9–22.
Jin, B., & Suh, Y. G. (2005). Integrating effect of consumer perception factors in predicting private brand purchase in a Korean discount store context. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(2), 62–71.
Kawamura, K. Y. (2012). Body image among asian americans. Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 1, 95–102.
Khan, S., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2020). Brand Experience and Consumers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) a Price: Exploring the role of Brand Credibility, Perceived Quality, Perceived Uniqueness, And Social Image in A Comparative Analysis of Automobile and Mobile Phone Industries of Karachi. Perceived Quality, Perceived Uniqueness, And Social Image in A Comparative Analysis of Automobile and Mobile Phone Industries of Karachi. (December 30, 2020).
Khare, A., & Pandey, S. (2017). Role of green self-identity and peer influence in fostering trust towards organic food retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
Kim, Y. G., Eves, A., & Scarles, C. (2009). Building a model of local food consumption on trips and holidays: A grounded theory approach. International journal of hospitality management, 28(3), 423-431.
Klein, F. (2020). Risikofaktor Komorbiditäten bei COVID-19- Erkrankung. Pneumologie, 74, 639-640.
Koch, J., Frommeyer, B., & Schewe, G. (2020). Online shopping motives during the COVID-19 pandemic—lessons from the crisis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(24), 1–20.
Kosicka-Gebska, M., & Gebski, J. (2013). Impact of economic crisis on consumer behaviour towards meat. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 12(3).
Krystallis, A., & Chryssohoidis, G. (2005). Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic food. British Food Journal, 107(5), 320–343.
Kuhn, M., Prskawetz, A., Wrzaczek, S., & Feichtinger, G. (2007). Health, survival and consumption over the life cycle: Individual versus social optimum and the role of externalities. Rostocker Zentrum zur Erforschung des Demografischen Wandels. Diskussionspapier, 16.
Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N. J., Adeyi, O., Arnold, R., Baldé, A. B., ... & Zhong, M. (2018). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The lancet, 391(10119), 462-512.
LATIP, M. S. A., NEWAZ, F. T., LATIP, S. N. N. A., MAY, R. Y. Y., & RAHMAN, A. E. A. (2021). The sustainable purchase intention in a new normal of COVID-19: An empirical study in Malaysia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(5), 951-959.
Latip, M. S. A., Newaz, F. T., Ramasamy, R., Tumin, S. A., & Noh, I. (2020). How do food safety knowledge and trust affect individual’s green considerations during the covid-19 pandemic in malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 24, 261-285.
Lavee, Y. (1988). Linear structural relationships (LISREL) in family research. Journal of Marriage and Family, 50(4), 937-948.
Lea, E., & Worsley, T. (2005). Australians’ organic food beliefs, demographics and values. British Food Journal, 107(11), 855–869.
Lee, H. J. (2016). Individual and Situational Determinants of U.S. Consumers’ Buying Behavior of Organic Foods. Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing, 28(2), 117–131.
Lee, H. J., & Yun, Z. S. (2015). Consumers’ perceptions of organic food attributes and cognitive and affective attitudes as determinants of their purchase intentions toward organic food. Food quality and preference, 39, 259-267.
Lee, K. H., Bonn, M. A., & Cho, M. (2015). Consumer motives for purchasing organic coffee: The moderating effects of ethical concern and price sensitivity. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(6), 1157–1180.
Liang, A. R. da. (2014). Enthusiastically consuming organic food: An analysis of the online organic food purchasing behaviors of consumers with different food-related lifestyles. Internet Research, 24(5), 587–607.
Liang, R. da. (2016). Predicting intentions to purchase organic food: the moderating effects of organic food prices. British Food Journal, 118(1), 183–199.
Lin, S. H. (2009). Exploratory evaluation of potential and current consumers of organic cotton in Hawaii. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 21(4), 489–506.
Liobikiene, G., Mandravickaite, J., & Bernatoniene, J. (2016). Theory of planned behavior approach to understand the green purchasing behavior in the EU: A cross-cultural study. Ecological Economics, 125, 38–46.
Liu, C., & Zheng, Y. (2019). The predictors of consumer behavior in relation to organic food in the context of food safety incidents: advancing hyper attention theory within an stimulus-organism-response model. Frontiers in Psychology, 2512.
Lorence, J., & Mortimer, J. T. (1985). Job involvement through the life course: A panel study of three age groups. American Sociological Review, 618-638.
Lodorfos, G. N., & Dennis, J. (2008). Consumers’ intent: In the organic food market. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 14(2), 17–38.
Long, N. N., & Khoi, B. H. (2020). An empirical study about the intention to hoard food during COVID-19 pandemic. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7), em1857.
Lyons, K., Lockie, S., & Lawrence, G. (2001). Consuming ‘green’: The symbolic construction of organic foods. Rural Society, 11(3), 197-210.
Mai, N. T. T., Smith, K., & Cao, J. R. (2009). Measurement of modern and traditional self-concepts in Asian transitional economies. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 10(3), 201-220.
Maichum, K., Parichatnon, S., & Peng, K. (2017). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to investigate consumers consumption behavior toward organic food: A case study in Thailand. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 6(1), 72–80
Magnusson, M. K., Arvola, A., Hursti, U. K. K., Åberg, L., & Sjödén, P. O. (2001). Attitudes towards organic foods among Swedish consumers. British food journal.
Martin-Neuninger, R., & Ruby, M. B. (2020). What does food retail research tell us about the implications of coronavirus (COVID-19) for grocery purchasing habits?. Frontiers in Psychology, 1448.
Mayasari, N. R., Ho, D. K. N., Lundy, D. J., Skalny, A. V., Tinkov, A. A., Teng, I., ... & Chang, J. S. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security and diet-related lifestyle behaviors: An analytical study of google trends-based query volumes. Nutrients, 12(10), 3103.
McEachern, M. G., & Warnaby, G. (2008). Exploring the relationship between consumer knowledge and purchase behaviour of value‐based labels. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(5), 414-426.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2021). Available online: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/asia-pacific/with-effort-indonesia-can-emerge-from-the-covid-19-crisis-stronger (accessed on 2 January 2022)
Meixner, O., & Katt, F. (2020). Assessing the impact of covid-19 on consumer food safety perceptions—a choice-based willingness to pay study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(18), 1–18.
Michaelidou, N., & Hassan, L. M. (2008). The role of health consciousness, food safety concern and ethical identity on attitudes and intentions towards organic food. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(2), 163–170.
Milfont, T. T., Duckitt, J., & Cameron, L. D. (2006). A cross-cultural study of environmental motive concerns and their implications for proenvironmental behavior. Environment and Behavior, 38(6), 745–767.
Mostafa, M. M. (2007). A hierarchical analysis of the green consciousness of the Egyptian consumer. Psychology and Marketing, 24(5), 445–473.
Nguyen, H. V., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, B. K., & Greenland, S. (2021). Sustainable food consumption: Investigating organic meat purchase intention by vietnamese consumers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–15.
Nguyen, H. V., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, B. K., Lobo, A., & Vu, P. A. (2019a). Organic food purchases in an emerging market: The influence of consumers’ personal factors and green marketing practices of food stores. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(6).
Nguyen, M. T. T., Nguyen, L. H., & Nguyen, H. V. (2019b). Materialistic values and green apparel purchase intention among young Vietnamese consumers. Young Consumers, 20(4), 246–263.
Nguyen, T. N., Phan, T. T. H., Cao, T. K., & Nguyen, H. V. (2017). Green purchase behavior: mitigating barriers in developing countries. Strategic Direction, 33(8), 4–6.
Nguyen, T. T. M., Phan, T. H., Nguyen, H. L., Dang, T. K. T., & Nguyen, N. D. (2019c). Antecedents of purchase intention toward organic food in an Asian emerging market: A study of urban Vietnamese consumers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(17).
Nguyen, V. K. (2020). Perception of Challenges in Opportunities for Organic Food Research and Development in Vietnam. In Regulatory Issues in Organic Food Safety in the Asia Pacific (pp. 199-216). Springer, Singapore.
Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psych ometric theory 3E. Tata McGraw-hill education.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. Psychometric Theory 1994 3 New York. NY McGraw-Hill.
Nuttavuthisit, K., & Thøgersen, J. (2017). The importance of consumer trust for the emergence of a market for green products: The case of organic food. Journal of business ethics, 140(2), 323-337.
Onder, G., Rezza, G., & Brusaferro, S. (2020). Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. Jama, 323(18), 1775-1776.
ORBOI, M. D. (2013). Aspects regarding the evolution the organic food market in the world. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 45(2), 201-209.
Padel, S., & Foster, C. (2005). Exploring the gap between attitudes and behaviour: Understanding why consumers buy or do not buy organic food. British food journal.
Pagiaslis, A., & Krontalis, A. K. (2014). Green consumption behavior antecedents: Environmental concern, knowledge, and beliefs. Psychology and Marketing, 31(5), 335–348.
Park, H. J., & Lin, L. M. (2020). Exploring attitude–behavior gap in sustainable consumption: Comparison of recycled and upcycled fashion products. Journal of Business Research, 117, 623-628.
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123–134.
Peterson, R. A. (1994). A Meta-Analysis of Cronbach‟s Coefficient Alpha.
Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 381-391.
Petrescu, D. C., & Petrescu-Mag, R. M. (2015). Organic food perception: Fad, or healthy and environmentally friendly? A case on romanian consumers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 7(9), 12017–12031.
Pham, T. H., Nguyen, T. N., Phan, T. T. H., & Nguyen, N. T. (2019). Evaluating the purchase behaviour of organic food by young consumers in an emerging market economy. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(6), 540–556.
Pham, V. K., do Thi, T. H., & Ha Le, T. H. (2020). A study on the COVID-19 awareness affecting the consumer perceived benefits of online shopping in Vietnam. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1).
Phillips, R. L., Kuzma, J. W., Beeson, W. L., & Lotz, T. (1980). Influence of selection versus lifestyle on risk of fatal cancer and cardiovascular disease among Seventh-day Adventists. American Journal of Epidemiology, 112(2), 296-314.
Pivato, S., Misani, N., & Tencati, A. (2008). The impact of corporate social responsibility on consumer trust: the case of organic food. Business ethics: A European review, 17(1), 3-12.
Polonsky, M. J. (1994). An Introduction To Green Marketing. Electronic Green Journal, 1(2).
Prentice, C., Chen, J., & Wang, X. (2019). The influence of product and personal attributes on organic food marketing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 46, 70–78.
Qi, X., & Ploeger, A. (2019). Explaining consumers’ intentions towards purchasing green food in Qingdao, China: The amendment and extension of the theory of planned behavior. Appetite, 133, 414–422.
Qi, X., Tian, X., & Ploeger, A. (2021). Exploring chinese consumers’ online purchase intentions toward certified food products during the covid-19 pandemic. Foods, 10(11).
Qi, X., Yu, H., & Ploeger, A. (2020). Exploring influential factors including COVID-19 on green food purchase intentions and the intention–behaviour gap: A qualitative study among consumers in a Chinese context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1–22.
Radman, M. (2005). Consumer consumption and perception of organic products in Croatia. British food journal.
Rana, J., & Paul, J. (2017). Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food: A review and research agenda. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38, 157–165.
Rhead, R., Elliot, M., & Upham, P. (2015). Assessing the structure of UK environmental concern and its association with pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 175–183.
Robson, C., & McCartan, K. (2016). Real world research: a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings. Wiley.
Rousseau, S., & Deschacht, N. (2020). Public Awareness of Nature and the Environment During the COVID-19 Crisis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 76(4), 1149–1159.
Rowley, J. (1998). Quality measurement in the public sector: Some perspectives from the service quality literature. Total Quality Management, 9(2–3), 321–333.
Sajed, A. N., & Amgain, K. (2020). Corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and the strategy for prevention. Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(1), 1–4.
Sangkumchaliang, P., & Huang, W. C. (2012). Consumers’ perceptions and attitudes of organic food products in Northern Thailand. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 15(1030-2016-82915), 87-102.
Sans, P., De Fontguyon, G., & Giraud, G. (2008). Value‐based labels for fresh beef: an overview of French consumer behaviour in a BSE crises context. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(5), 407-413.
Sassatelli, R., & Scott, A. (2001). Novel food, new markets and trust regimes responses to the erosion of consumers’ confidence in austria, Italy and the UK. European Societies, 3(2), 213–244.
Schifferstein, H. N., & Ophuis, P. A. O. (1998). Health-related determinants of organic food consumption in the Netherlands. Food quality and Preference, 9(3), 119-133.
Schiffman LG, Kanuk LL (2007). Consumer Behaviour. (9th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Severo, E. A., De Guimarães, J. C. F., & Dellarmelin, M. L. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: Evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production, 286, 124947.
Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020). COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of advanced research, 24, 91-98.
Siderer, Y., Maquet, A., & Anklam, E. (2005). Need for research to support consumer confidence in the growing organic food market. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 16(8), 332-343.
Singh, J., & Sirdeshmukh, D. (2000). Agency and trust mechanisms in consumer satisfaction and loyalty judgments. Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, 28(1), 150-167.
Singh, A., & Verma, P. (2017). Factors influencing Indian consumers’ actual buying behaviour towards organic food products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 473–483.
Śmiglak-Krajewska, M., & Wojciechowska-Solis, J. (2021). Consumer versus organic products in the covid-19 pandemic: Opportunities and barriers to market development. Energies, 14(17).
Smith, S., & Paladino, A. (2010). Eating clean and green? Investigating consumer motivations towards the purchase of organic food. Australasian Marketing Journal, 18(2), 93–104.
Slater, S. (1995). Issues in Conducting Marketing Strategy Research. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 3(4), 257-270.
Somasundram, C., Razali, Z., & Santhirasegaram, V. (2016). A review on organic food production in Malaysia. Horticulturae, 2(12), 1–5.
Sønderskov, K. M., & Daugbjerg, C. (2011). The state and consumer confidence in eco-labeling: organic labeling in Denmark, Sweden, The United Kingdom and The United States. Agriculture and human values, 28(4), 507-517.
Syed, Q., Sopwith, W., Regan, M., & Bellis, M. A. (2003). Behind the mask. Journey through an epidemic: Some observations of contrasting public health responses to SARS. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(11), 855–856.
Tandon, A., Jabeen, F., Talwar, S., Sakashita, M., & Dhir, A. (2021). Facilitators and inhibitors of organic food buying behavior. Food Quality and Preference, 88, 104077.
Tanner, C., & Wölfing Kast, S. (2003). Promoting sustainable consumption: Determinants of green purchases by Swiss consumers. Psychology & marketing, 20(10), 883-902.
Tarkiainen, A., & Sundqvist, S. (2005). Subjective norms, attitudes and intentions of Finnish consumers in buying organic food. British Food Journal, 107(11), 808–822.
Tharenou, P., Latimer, S., & Conroy, D. (1994). How do you make it to the top? An examination of influences on women's and men's managerial advancement. Academy of Management journal, 37(4), 899-931.
Teng, C. C., & Wang, Y. M. (2015). Decisional factors driving organic food consumption: Generation of consumer purchase intentions. British Food Journal.
Theodoridou, G., Tsakiridou, E., Kalogeras, N., & Mattas, K. (2019). The Impact of the economic crisis on greek consumer behaviour towards food consumption. International Journal on Food System Dynamics, 10(3), 298-314.
Thøersen, J., & Zhou, Y. (2012). Chinese consumers’ adoption of a “green” innovation - The case of organic food. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(3–4), 313–333.
Thøgersen, J., de Barcellos, M. D., Perin, M. G., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Consumer buying motives and attitudes towards organic food in two emerging markets: China and Brazil. International Marketing Review, 32(3–4), 389–413.
Thøgersen, J., Haugaard, P., & Olesen, A. (2010). Consumer responses to ecolabels. European Journal of Marketing, 44(11), 1787–1810.
Torjusen, H., Sangstad, L., O'Doherty Jensen, K., & Kjærnes, U. (2004). European consumers' conceptions of organic food: A review of available research.
Tran, L. T. T. (2021). Managing the effectiveness of e-commerce platforms in a pandemic. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58.
Truong, T. T., Yap, M. H. T., & Ineson, E. M. (2012). Potential Vietnamese consumers’ perceptions of organic foods. British Food Journal, 114(4), 529–543.
Tsen, C. H., Phang, G., Hasan, H., & Buncha, M. R. (2006). GOING GREEN: A STUDY OF CONSUMERS'WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR GREEN PRODUCTS IN KOTA KINABALU. International Journal of Business and Society, 7(2), 40.
Tzilivakis, J., Green, A., Warner, D., McGeevor, K., & Lewis, K. (2012). A framework for practical and effective eco‐labelling of food products. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal.
Ueasangkomsate, P., & Santiteerakul, S. (2016). A Study of Consumers’ Attitudes and Intention to Buy Organic Foods for Sustainability. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34, 423–430.
USDA Institute. (2021). Vietnam Organic Market. Available online: https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Vietnam%20Organic%20Market_Ho%20Chi%20Minh%20City_Vietnam_08-03-2021.pdf (accessed on 2 January 2022)
Van Huy, L., Chi, M. T. T., Lobo, A., Nguyen, N., & Long, P. H. (2019). Effective segmentation of organic food consumers in Vietnam using food-related lifestyles. Sustainability, 11(5), 1237.
Verhoef, P. C. (2005). Explaining purchases of organic meat by Dutch consumers. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 32(2), 245-267.
Vlontzos, G., & Duquenne, M. N. (2014). Economic crisis and food selection: the financial, social and spatial dimension. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 6, 10(2), 203-215.
Vukasovič, T. (2010). Buying decision‐making process for poultry meat. British Food Journal.
Wang, B., Li, J., Sun, A., Wang, Y., & Wu, D. (2020). Residents’ green purchasing intentions in a developing-country context: Integrating PLS-SEM and MGA methods. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1), 1–21.
Wang, Y., Wiegerinck, V., Krikke, H., & Zhang, H. (2013). Understanding the purchase intention towards remanufactured product in closed-loop supply chains: An empirical study in China. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.
World Bank. (2020). Aspiring Indonesia: Expanding the Middle Class. Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/publication/aspiring-indonesia-expanding-the-middle-class (accessed on 2 January 2022)
World Bank. (2021). Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/overview#1 (accessed on 2 January 2022)
World Bank. (2021). Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/vi/country/vietnam/overview#1 (accessed on 2 January 2022)
World Data Lab. (2021). Available online: https://vir.com.vn/behaviour-alterations-shaping-mbs-financial-offerings-91004.html (accessed on 26 January 2022)
Wu, S. I., & Chen, J. Y. (2014). A model of green consumption behavior constructed by the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(5), 119.
Xie, X. F., Stone, E., Zheng, R., & Zhang, R. G. (2011). The ‘Typhoon Eye Effect’: determinants of distress during the SARS epidemic. Journal of Risk Research, 14(9), 1091-1107.
Xie, X., Huang, L., Li, J. J., & Zhu, H. (2020). Generational differences in perceptions of food health/risk and attitudes toward organic food and game meat: The case of the COVID-19 crisis in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(9), 3148.
Yadav, R. (2016). Altruistic or egoistic: Which value promotes organic food consumption among young consumers? A study in the context of a developing nation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 33, 92-97.
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers: Evidences from a developing nation. Appetite, 96, 122-128.
Yang, Y., Li, O., Peng, X., & Wang, L. (2020). Consumption trends during the COVID-19 crisis: How awe, coping, and social norms drive utilitarian purchases. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 2695.
Yarar, N., & Orth, U. R. (2018). Consumer lay theories on healthy nutrition: AQ methodology application in Germany. Appetite, 120, 145-157.
Yiridoe, E. K., Bonti-Ankomah, S., & Martin, R. C. (2005). Comparison of consumer perceptions and preference toward organic versus conventionally produced foods: A review and update of the literature. Renewable agriculture and food systems, 20(4), 193-205.
Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S., & Oates, C. J. (2010). Sustainable consumption: green consumer behaviour when purchasing products. Sustainable development, 18(1), 20-31.
Zanoli, R., & Naspetti, S. (2002). Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food: A means‐end approach. British food journal.

無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 2032/02/08 (校內網路)
全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館:臺灣博碩士論文系統)
QR CODE