簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： DAVID OTIENO KOTENG
DAVID - OTIENO KOTENG
論文名稱： DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-STRENGTH LIME-POZZOLANA PASTE
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-STRENGTH LIME-POZZOLANA PASTE
指導教授： 陳君弢
Chun-Tao Chen
口試委員: 黃然
Ran Huang
詹穎雯
Yin-Wen Chan
李釗
Chau Lee
黃兆龍
Ta-Peng Chang
張大鵬
Chao-Lung Hwang
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年： 2015
畢業學年度： 103
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 164
外文關鍵詞： pozzolana
相關次數： 點閱：156  下載：3 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • Limestone which produces lime is available in large quantities in many parts of the world. Continuous formation through the deposit of shells and skeletons of land and marine animals and organisms ensures that it will always be available and is thus a sustainable material. On the other hand, fly ash and silica fume are ready-to-use industrial wastes produced respectively during the burning of coal and in the manufacture of silicon and its alloys. These materials are ideal for the production of cement for the construction industry. Lower burning temperatures of lime compared with Portland cement and the ability to blend with larger amounts of pozzolana reduce the consumption of energy and natural raw materials and the emission of CO2 during cement production, thereby making cement greener. However, low early strength has been a setback for the use of lime-pozzolana cement. This study attempts to produce lime-pozzolana paste of high strength and explores the effects of powder proportions, water-binder ratio, fineness of lime, curing conditions, and pre-soaking lime on the early strength of paste made from non-hydraulic lime, type F fly ash, and silica fume. Paste with 28-day strength of 35 MPa is obtained. The consumption of raw materials and energy and emission of CO2 are reduced by factors of 2.6, 2.7, and 2.5, respectively compared with Portland cement. However, tests show that at early ages, lime-pozzolana paste is porous and potentially less durable and prone to leaching. This setback can be mitigated by covering lime-pozzolana concrete with impervious coating after water curing.

    Abstract i Acknowledgement ii Contents iv Tables viii Figures x Abbreviations xviii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives 3 1.3 Research Procedure 4 CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Lime 10 2.1.1 Sources of Lime 10 2.1.2 Types of Lime 11 2.1.3 Potential Causes of Expansion in Lime Paste 12 2.1.4 Aging of Lime 12 2.2 Pozzolana 13 2.2.1 Pozzolanic Materials 13 2.2.2 Fly Ash 14 2.2.3 Silica Fume 16 2.3 Lime-Pozzolana Paste 17 2.3.1 Hydration of Lime-Pozzolana Pastes 17 2.3.2 Effect of Heat 18 2.3.3 Effect of CaCO3 18 2.4 Carbonation 19 CHAPTER 3 - EXPERIMENTAL WORK 25 3.1 Materials 25 3.2 Preparation and Testing of Specimens 25 3.2.1 Mix Proportions 25 3.2.2 Casting Specimens 26 3.2.3 Curing 27 3.2.4 Test for Compressive Strength 28 3.2.5 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Microscopy 28 3.2.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 29 3.2.7 Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Analysis 29 3.3 Experiments 30 3.3.1 Pozzolana Content and Water-Binder Ratio 30 3.3.2 Fineness of Lime 30 3.3.3 Silica Fume 31 3.3.4 Curing Condition 31 3.3.5 High Lime Content at 70% 32 3.3.6 Medium Lime Content at 60% 32 3.3.7 Low Lime Content at 50% 33 3.3.8 Curing at High Temperature of 60 oC 33 3.3.9 Pre-soaking Lime 34 3.3.10 Aerial Carbonation 35 3.3.11 Accelerated Carbonation 36 3.4 Comparison of Lime-Pozzolana Pastes with Portland Cement Pastes 37 3.4.1 Compressive Strength 37 3.4.2 Carbonation 38 3.4.3 Environmental Impacts 39 3.4.4 Unit Weight 39 3.4.5 Costs 39 CHAPTER 4 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 57 4.1 Effects of Pozzolana Content and Water-Binder Ratio 57 4.2 Factors Affecting Early Strength 59 4.2.1 Fineness of Lime 59 4.2.2 Silica Fume Content 60 4.2.3 Curing Condition 60 4.3 Pastes with Different Lime Contents 63 4.3.1 High Lime Content at 70% 63 4.3.2 Medium Lime Content at 60% 63 4.3.3 Low lime Content at 50% 65 4.4 Effect of Continuous Curing in Water at 60 OC 66 4.5 Effect of Pre-Soaking Lime 69 4.6 Effect of Carbonation 73 4.6.1 Aerial Carbonation 73 4.6.2 Accelerated Carbonation 80 4.6.3 Comparison of Aerial Carbonation and Accelerated Carbonation 83 4.7 Comparison of Lime-Pozzolana Pastes and Portland Cement Pastes 84 4.7.1 Compressive Strength 84 4.7.2 Carbonation 84 4.7.3 Environmental Parameters 85 4.7.3 Unit Weight 86 4.7.4 Cost 87 4.8 Summary 87 CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS 128 REFERENCES 130 APPENDIX 137

    [1] van Oss HG. U.S. geological survey, mineral commodity summaries, January 2015. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/cement/mcs-2015-cemen.pdf
    [2] Worrell E, Price L, Martin N, Hendriks C, Meida LO. Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 2001;26:303-29.
    [3] Theodoridou M, Ioannou I, Philokyprou M. New evidence of early use of artificial pozzolanic material in mortars. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2013;40(8):3263-9.
    [4] Neville AM. Properties of concrete. 4th ed. Essex, UK: Pearson Education Asia; 1995.
    [5] Jackson MD, Landis EN, Brune PF, Vitti M, Chen H, Li Q, Kunz M, Wenk HR, Monteiro PJ, Ingraffea, AR. Mechanical resilience and cementitious processes in Imperial Roman architectural mortar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2014;111(52):18484-9.
    [6] Hueda-Tanabe Y, Soler-Arechalde AM, Urrutia-Fucugauchi J, Barba L, Manzanilla L, Rebolledo-Vieyra M, Goguitchaichvili A. Archaeomagnetic studies in central Mexico—dating of mesoamerican lime-plasters. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 2004;147(6):269-83.
    [7] Zeng Y, Zhang B, Liang X. A case study and mechanism investigation of typical mortars used on ancient architecture in China. Thermochimica Acta. 2008;473(4):1-6.
    [8] Grist ER, Paine KA, Heath A, Norman J, Pinder H. Compressive strength development of binary and ternary lime–pozzolan mortars. Materials & Design. 2013;52(12):514-23.
    [9] Day RL, Shi C. Influence of the fineness of pozzolan on the strength of lime natural-pozzolan cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Research. 1994;24(8):1485-91.
    [10] Lanas J, Perez Bernal JL, Bello MA, Alvarez Galindo JI. Mechanical properties of natural hydraulic lime-based mortars. Cement and Concrete Research. 2004;34(12):2191-201.
    [11] Yao D, Jia J, Wu F, Yu F. Shear performance of prestressed ultra high strength concrete encased steel beams. Construction and Building Materials. 2014;52(2):194-201.
    [12] Murthy AR, Prasad BKR, Iyer NR. Estimation of fracture properties of high strength and ultrahigh strength concrete beams and size effect. Advances in Concrete Construction. 2013;1(4):341-358.
    [13] Vitek JL, Coufal R, Citek D. UHPC - development and testing on structural elements. Procedia Engineering. 2013;65(9):218-23.
    [14] King H. Geoscience News and Information. Geology.com. PA, USA. http://geology.com/rocks/limestone.shtml
    [15] ASTM C51. Standard terminology relating to lime and limestone (as used by the Industry). PA, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials International; 2011.
    [16] Sasaki K, Qiu X, Hosomomi Y, Moriyama S, Hirajima T. Effect of natural dolomite calcination temperature on sorption of borate onto calcined products. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2013;171(5):1-8.
    [17] Gunasekaran S, Anbalagan G. Thermal decomposition of natural dolomite. Bulletin of Material Science. 2007;30(4):339-44.
    [18] Well LS, Clarke WF, Levin EM. Expansive characteristics of hydrated limes and the development of an autoclave test for soundness. US Department of Commerce. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 1948;41(9):179-204.
    [19] Gao P, Lu X, Geng F, Li X, Hou J, Lin H, Shi N. Production of MgO-type expansive agent in dam concrete by use of industrial by-products. Building and Environment. 2008;43(4):453-7.
    [20] ASTM C141/C141M. Standard specification for hydrated lime for structural purposes. PA, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials International; 2009.
    [21] Illston JM, Domone PLJ. Construction materials: their nature and behavior. 3rd ed. New York, USA: Spon Press; 2001.
    [22] Chatterji S. Mechanism of epansion of concrete due to the presence of dead-burnt CaO and MgO. Cement & Concrete Research. 1995;25(1):51-6.
    [23] Min D, Dongwen H, Xianghui L, Mingshu T. Mechanism of expansion in hardened cement pastes with hard-burnt free lime. Cement and Concrete Research. 1995;25(2):440-8.
    [24] Cazalla O, Rodriguez-Navarro C, Sebastian E, Cultrone G, De la Torre MJ. Aging of lime putty: effects on traditional lime mortar carbonation. American Ceramic Society. 2000;83(5):1070–76.
    [25] Margalha MG, Silva AS, do Rosario Veiga M, de Brito J, Ball RJ, Allen GC. Microstructural changes of lime putty during aging. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2013;25(10):1524-32.
    [26] Mascolo G, Mascolo MC, Vitale A, Marino O. Microstructure evolution of lime putty upon aging. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2010;312(16-17):2363-8.
    [27] Rodriguez-Navarro C, Hansen E, Ginel WS. Calcium hydroxide crystal evolution upon aging of lime putty. American Ceramic Society. 1998;81(11):3032–34.
    [28] Ruiz-Agudo E, Rodriguez-Navarro C. Microstructure and rheology of lime putty. Langmuir : The American Chemical Society Journal of Surfaces and Colloids. 2010;26(6):3868-77.
    [29] ACI 116R-00. Cement and concrete terminology. Michigan, USA: American Concrete Institute; 2000.
    [30] ASTM C618. Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. PA, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials; 2012.
    [31] ASTM C1240. Standard specification for silica fume used in cementitious mixturess. PA, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials International; 2011.
    [32] ASTM C989. Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars. PA, USA: ASTM International; 2010.
    [33] Hernandez JFM, Middendorf B, Gerhrke M, Bundelmann H. Use of wastes of sugar industry as pozzolana in lime-pozzolana binders: study of the reaction. Cement and Concrete Research. 1998;28(11):1525-36.
    [34] Bui DD, Hu J, Stroeven P. Particle size effect on the strength of rice husk ash blended gap-graded Portland cement concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2005;27(3):357-66.
    [35] Feng Q, Yamamichi H, Shoya M, Sugita S. Study on the pozzolanic properties of rice husk ash by hydrochloric acid pretreatment. Cement and Concrete Research. 2004;34(3):521-6.
    [36] Jauberthie R, Rendel F, Tamba S, Cisse I. Origin of the pozzolanic effect of rice husks. Construction and Building Materials. 2000;14(8):419-23.
    [37] Khmiri A, Samet B, Chaabouni M. Assessement of the waste glass powder pozzolanic activity by different methods. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. 2012;10(2):322-8.
    [38] Nwaubani SO, Poulos KI. The influence of waste glass fineness on the properties of cement mortars. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management. 2013;2(2):110-6.
    [39] Shi C, Wu Y, Riefler C, Wang H. Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders. Cement and Concrete Research. 2005;35(5):987-93.
    [40] Dodson V. Concrete admixtures. New york, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1990.
    [41] Shehata MH, Thomas MDA. The effect of fly ash composition on the expansion of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction. Cement and Concrete Research. 2000;30(7):1063-72.
    [42] Fraay ALA, Bijen JM, de Haan YM. The reaction of fly ash in concrete, a crltical examination. Cement and Concrete Research. 1989;19(2):235-46.
    [43] Barbhuiya SA, Gbagbo JK, Russell MI, Basheer PAM. Properties of fly ash concrete modified with hydrated lime and silica fume. Construction and Building Materials. 2009;23(10):3233-9.
    [44] Massazza F. Pozzolanic cements. Cement & Concrete Composites. 1993;15(4):185-214.
    [45] Midgley HG. Measurement of high-alumina cement-calcium carbonate reactions using DTA. Clay Minerals. 1984;19(5):857-64.
    [46] Carlson ET, Berman HA. Some observations on the calcium aluminate carbonate hydrates. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards - A Physics and Chemistry. 1960;64A(4):333-41.
    [47] Pavlik Z, Benesova H, Matiasovsky P, Pavlikova M. Study on carbonation process of several types of advanced lime-based plasters. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation. 2012;6(10):937-41.
    [48] Borges PHR, Costa JO, Milestone NB, Lynsdale CJ, Streatfield RE. Carbonation of CH and C–S–H in composite cement pastes containing high amounts of BFS. Cement and Concrete Research. 2010;40(2):284-92.
    [49] Saetta AV, Schrefler BA, Vitaliani RV. The carbonation of concrete and the mechanism of moisture, heat and carbon dioxide flow through porous materials. Cement and Concrete Research. 1993;23(4):761-72.
    [50] Cizer O, Van Balen K, Elsen J, Van Gemert D. Real-time investigation of reaction rate and mineral phase modifications of lime carbonation. Construction and Building Materials. 2012;35(10):741-51.
    [51] Cizer O, Van Balen K, Van Gemert D, Elsen J. Carbonation reaction of lime hydrate and hydraulic binders at 20oC. First International Conference on Accelerated Carbonation for Environmental and Materials Engineering, The Royal Society, London. 2006 (12-14 June).
    [52] Jia Y, Aruhan B, Yan P. Natural and accelerated carbonation of concrete containing fly ash and GGBS after different initial curing period. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2012;64(2):143-50.
    [53] Kobayahi K, Suzuki K, Uno Y. Carbonation of concrete structures and decomposition of C-S-H. Cement and Concrete Research. 1994;24(1):55-61.
    [54] Termkhajornkit P, Nawa T, Yamashiro Y, Saito T. Self-healing ability of fly ash–cement systems. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2009;31(3):195-203.
    [55] Van Tittelboom K, Gruyaert E, Rahier H, De Belie N. Influence of mix composition on the extent of autogenous crack healing by continued hydration or calcium carbonate formation. Construction and Building Materials. 2012;37(12):349-59.
    [56] Pacyna JM, Rentz O, Oertel D, Trozzi C, Pulles T, Appelman W. Lime production. Guidebook 2009. Gothenburg, Sweden: European Environmental Agency; 2009. p. 5-6. www.eea.europa.eu/…dustry/2-a-2-lime-production.pdf
    [57] Panagapko D. Lime. Canadian Minerals Year Book: Natural Resources Canada; 2006.

     

    無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 2020/08/06 (校內網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)
    QR CODE