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研究生: 張皓為
Hao-wei Chang
論文名稱: 電滲透化學灌漿高嶺土鈣離子分布之研究
A Study on Electro-Osmotic Chemical Grouting-Distribution Ratio of Calcium in Kaolinite
指導教授: 歐章煜
Chang-Yu Ou
口試委員: 黃炳照
Bing-Joe Hwang
簡紹琦
Shao-Chi Chien
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 136
中文關鍵詞: 電滲透化學灌漿高嶺土鈣離子分布土壤強度ICP-AES
外文關鍵詞: Electro-osmotic chemical grouting, Kaolinite, Calcium, Point resistance, ICP-AES
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電滲透化學灌漿是一種改良土壤性質的技術,目的是增加軟弱黏土的強度。根據早期許多有效應用在地盤改良的電滲透化學灌漿試驗,得知陽離子交換以及產生沉積物對於強度有很大的影響,於是本試驗試著找出鈣離子在高嶺土中分布的情形以及與強度、含水量的關係。設定電滲透化學灌漿試驗的變數:試驗時間的長短以及不同濃度的氯化鈣溶液(0.5N,1.0N和1.5N),依不同的試驗時間從正極注入高嶺土試體。在試驗過程中,排出水量由從高嶺土試體的底部(負極)收集並紀錄。結果顯示出土體內鈣離子分布不會受到含水量的變化影響,而是受到試驗時間長短和氯化鈣溶液濃度的影響,當試驗時間拉長的情況下,土體負極區域強度的增加與鈣離子含量的增加有關聯性,pH值也會上升。


Electro-osmotic chemical grouting is one of the soil improvement techniques to improve the strength of soft soils. An electro-osmotic chemical grouting cell has been used for the present study. It has been modified to fill the needs of present study. By establishing the testing process, CaCl2 of several concentrations, i.e., 0.5 N, 1.0 N and 1.5 N is injected from the top of the electro-osmotic cell, i.e., anode consisting kaolinite with different time intervals. Drained water due to electro-osmosis is collected from the bottom of the cell, i.e., cathode. The soil samples obtained after treatment are analyzed using CPT, ICP-AES and pH meter. The results show the distribution ratio of calcium in kaolinite from anode to cathode under the influence of electric potential. The soil attains more point resistance with increasing concentration of CaCl2 and with increasing treatment time. There is no effect of variation of water content with time of the point resistance in the soil even though with different treatment time.

CHINESE ABSTRACT I ENGLISH ABSTRACT II Acknowledgement III Contents IV List of Tables VIII List of Figures IX Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective 2 1.2 Structure 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 5 2.1 History of electro-osmotic treatment 5 2.2 Ground improvement with electro-osmosis 6 2.3 Chemical grouting with electro-osmosis 8 2.4 Mobility of cations with electro-osmotic treatment 11 2.5 The mechanism of electro-osmotic chemical treatment 13 2.5.1 Double layer theory 13 2.5.2 Electro-kinetic phenomena 14 2.5.2.1 Electro-osmosis 15 2.5.2.2 Electro-migration 16 2.5.2.3 Streaming potential 16 2.5.2.4 Electro-phoresis 17 2.5.3 Chemical reaction of the electro-osmosis 17 2.5.3.1 Hydrolysis 17 2.5.3.2 Oxidation reduction of electrode 18 2.5.3.3 Cation exchange reaction 19 Chapter 3 Experiment 21 3.1 Experimental Apparatus 21 3.1.1 Electro-osmotic chemical grouting cell 21 3.1.2 Cone Penetration Test apparatus 23 3.1.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) 23 3.1.4 pH meter 25 3.1.5 The calibration of all sensors 26 3.1.5.2 The calibration for current meters 27 3.1.5.3 The calibration for CPT depth and load 27 3.2 Testing procedure 27 3.2.1 Set up the electro-osmotic chemical grouting cell 28 3.2.1.1 Installation of bottom plate 28 3.2.1.2 Installation of electro-osmotic chemical grouting cell 28 3.2.1.3 Fill up the cylinder with kaolinite 29 3.2.1.4 Installation of top plate 29 3.2.2 Chemical injection 29 3.2.3 Sampling 30 3.2.4 Soil digestion 31 3.2.5 pH measurement 31 3.3 The Data Acquisition System 32 3.3.1 Transducers 33 3.3.2 Signals 33 3.3.3 Signal conditioning 33 3.3.4 Data Acquisition System 34 3.3.5 Driver level and application level software 34 Chapter 4 Results & Discussion 35 4.1 Amount of calcium in kaolinite 37 4.2 Distribution of CPT value in kaolinite 43 4.3 Variation of water content with time 50 4.4 Comparison of pH 52 4.5 Change in current during treatment time 55 4.6 Overall discussion 57 Chapter 5 Conclusion & Suggestion 58 5.1 Conclusion 58 5.2 Suggestion 61 References 62 Tables 66 Figures 68 Appendix 108 Appendix A: Amount of calcium 108 Appendix B: CPT value 109 Appendix C: Water content 127 Appendix D: pH measurement 131 Appendix E: Current change 132 Appendix F: Cumulated drained water volume 134

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