為對抗重金屬積累所造成為全球生態問題，環保吸附劑的開發已得到廣泛探討。為產生環保吸附劑，本研究開發了一種通過氨調節化學氧化合成硫胺素功能化 Fe3O4 (FT) 的無溶劑方法。氨: Fe: 硫胺素的摩爾比為 15:1:1 時可產出具有高產率、Cu(II) 去除效率和純度的 FT15。使用 X 射線衍射 (XRD)、X 射線光電子能譜 (XPS)、傅里葉變換紅外光譜 (FTIR)、氮 (N2) 吸附和超導量子乾涉裝置 (SQUID) 對 FT15定性證實了其顆粒中超順磁性硫胺素官能化 Fe3O4的形成。 Cu(II) 在 FT15 上的批式吸附顯示出與 Sips 吸附等溫線模型的最佳擬合，在 30oC 下的最大吸附容量為 426.050 mg g-1，是未改性 Fe3O4 (F15) 對照的 5.81 倍。吸附容量和親和力隨溫度增加而增加，顯示 F15 和對照 F15 的吸熱吸附行為。經過五個吸附-解吸循環後，FT15 的 Cu(II) 吸附容量降至 143.13 mg g-1，但該值比新合成的 F15 的容量高 1.95 倍。對吸附後材料的理化性質的觀察顯示，胺基、嘧啶環和硫胺的噻唑鎓基對提高其吸附能力有貢獻。這項研究提供了重要的發現，即通過使用天然且環境友善的化合物（如硫胺素）來提高磁性吸附劑的吸附性，並在水溶液中具有良好的可回收性。

The development of environmentally friendly adsorbents has been extensively carried out to combat the detrimental effects of heavy metal accumulation, which has persistently become a global ecological problem. In pursuit of generating eco-friendly adsorbents, a solvent-free method for synthesizing thiamine functionalized-Fe3O4 (FT) was developed in this study through ammonia modulated chemical oxidation-precipitation. A molar ratio of ammonia: Fe: thiamine of 15:1:1 was shown to produce FT15 with high yield, Cu(II) removal efficiency, and purity. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen (N2) sorption, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) characterization of FT15 demonstrated the formation of superparamagnetic thiamine functionalized Fe3O4 in their particles. The batch adsorption of Cu(II) onto FT15 showed the best fit with the Sips adsorption isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 426.050 mg g-1 at 30oC, which is 5.81-fold higher capacity than the control unmodified Fe3O4 (F15). The adsorption capacity and affinity were found to increase with increasing temperature, implying the endothermic adsorption behavior of both F15 and control F15. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the Cu(II) adsorption capacity of FT15 reduced to 143.13 mg g-1, yet this value is 1.95-fold higher than the capacity of freshly synthesized F15. Observation on the physicochemical properties of the post-adsorption materials showed the contribution of an amine group, pyrimidine ring, and the thiazolium group of thiamine in boosting its adsorption capacity. This study provides important findings to advance the adsorptivity of magnetic adsorbents with promising recoverability from aqueous solutions by employing naturally available and environmentally friendly compounds such as thiamine.

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