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研究生： 徐偉銘
Wei-ming Hsu
論文名稱： 雙火星塞機車引擎的氣流與性能:實驗與計算分析
Flow and Performance of a Motorcycle Engine Installed with Dual Spark Plugs: Experimental and Computational Analyses
指導教授： 黃榮芳
Rong-fung Huang
口試委員: 林怡均
Yi-jun Lin
孫珍理
Chen-li Sun
張家和
Chir,ho Chang
許清閔
Ching-min Hsu
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 305
中文關鍵詞： 雙火星塞 、機車引擎
外文關鍵詞： Motorcycle Engine, Dual Spark Plugs
相關次數： 點閱：195  下載：3 
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    • 本研究使用實驗與計算方法於一部雙火星塞的二閥單缸四行程250 c.c.引擎，分析缸內流場與燃燒的情況，以探討兩個火星塞點火對引擎性能的影響。使用質點影像速度儀(particle image velocimetry, PIV)量測不同進氣埠阻塞比(blockage ratio)之缸內流場旋轉運動，藉由量測分析得到的面平均渦度旋轉比及循環渦度旋轉比等量化指標，評估流場旋轉運動的強度。使用計算流體動力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)商用軟體STAR-CD計算缸內流場，驗證實驗量測結果。實驗量化結果顯示，當進氣埠進氣埠阻塞比提高時，亦將提升循環渦度旋轉比與紊流強度。實驗與計算結果相比較，顯示實驗所量得的缸內流場演化過程與計算結果相類似，兩者循環渦度旋轉比皆有隨著進氣埠阻塞比增加而提升之趨勢，但是量化的結果卻有明顯的差異。在不同的當量比(equivalence ratio)及點火角度時，以數值方法計算單火星塞與雙火星塞引擎之性能，分析燃氣在汽缸內的燃燒過程。藉由比較缸內平均壓力、平均溫度、已燃質量分率(mass fraction burned)變化與壓力容積圖(P-v diagrams)之間的關係，探討單火星塞與雙火星塞引擎的性能。結果顯示，在固定的當量比及點火角時，雙火星塞引擎可產生較佳的燃燒反應速率、最大缸壓及輸出扭力。

    A two-valve, four-stroke, motorcycle engine installed with dual spark plugs was studied using the experimental and computational methods. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the commercial CFD code (STAR-CD) were used to measure and calculate the in-cylinder flow evolutions, respectively. The experimental results were used to evaluate the appropriation of the strength of the in-cylinder swirl motion at various intake port blockage ratios and to validate the computational results. The quantitative results of cycle-averaged swirl numbers showed that the installation of the inlet-deflection valve enhances swirl motion and turbulence intensity. The experimental results of flow evolution process and the tendency of the cycle-averaged swirl number in the cylinder were similar to the computational results. But the swirl ratios obtained by experimental methods were significantly different from those calculated by computational methods. The P-v diagrams and performance of single and dual sparks engines during combustion processes at various equivalence ratios and ignition times were calculated by the computational analysis. The results show that the dual spark plugs engine has better reaction rate, maximum in-cylinder pressure, and output torque than the single spark plug engine as the equivalence ratio and crank angle of ignition are fixed.

    摘 要 i Abstract ii 致 謝 iii 目 錄 v 符號索引 ix 表圖索引 xii 第一章 緒 論 1 1.1研究動機 1 1.2文獻回顧 2 1.3研究目的 8 第二章 實驗設備、儀器與方法 9 2.1實驗方法 9 2.1.1引擎改裝 9 2.1.2引擎潤滑油路系統改裝 10 2.1.3取像相位與座標定義 10 2.1.4實驗引擎動力來源 11 2.1.5質點的選用 12 2.2實驗設備 13 2.2.1引擎型式與規格 13 2.2.2 傳動系統 13 2.2.3編碼器 (encoder) 13 2.2.4質點植入系統 13 2.2.5 氣流偏折閥 (inlet-deflection valve) 14 2.3實驗儀器 14 2.3.1質點影像速度儀 14 2.4物理參數定義 17 第三章 計算模擬之模型與方法 20 3.1 標的引擎 20 3.1.1 引擎規格 20 3.2 計算流力軟體的簡介 20 3.3 統御方程式 22 3.3.1 紊流模式 24 3.3.2 燃燒模型 26 3.4 數值方法 28 3.4.1 離散化方程式 28 3.4.2 PISO解法理論 30 3.4.3 收斂標準 36 3.5 數值模擬 36 3.5.1 計算網格 36 3.5.2 邊界條件 38 3.5.3 初始條件 39 3.5.4 網格獨立性 39 3.5.5 取像相位與座標定義 40 3.5.6 物理參數定義 40 第四章 缸內流場量測 43 4.1循環變異與樣本次數之分析 43 4.1.1 缸內流場結構與樣本平均次數之分析 43 4.1.2 缸內任一固定點的速度與樣本平均次數之分析 44 4.1.3 速度分量沿座標軸變化與樣本平均次數之分析 44 4.2 缸內流場結構演化過程 45 4.2.1進氣埠阻塞比BR = 0 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 45 4.2.2進氣埠阻塞比BR = 0 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 47 4.2.3進氣埠阻塞比BR = 50 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 49 4.2.4進氣埠阻塞比BR = 50 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 52 4.2.5進氣埠阻塞比BR = 65 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 54 4.2.6進氣埠阻塞比BR = 65 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 56 4.2.7進氣埠阻塞比BR = 75 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 57 4.2.8進氣埠阻塞比BR = 75 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 60 4.2.9進氣埠阻塞比BR = 85 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 61 4.2.10進氣埠阻塞比BR = 85 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 64 4.3絕對紊流強度分佈與衍化過程 66 4.3.1進氣埠阻塞比BR = 0 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 66 4.3.2進氣埠阻塞比BR = 0 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 68 4.3.3進氣埠阻塞比BR = 50 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 69 4.3.4進氣埠阻塞比BR = 50 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 72 4.3.5進氣埠阻塞比BR = 65 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 73 4.3.6進氣埠阻塞比BR = 65 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 75 4.3.7進氣埠阻塞比BR = 75 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 77 4.3.8進氣埠阻塞比BR = 75 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 79 4.3.9進氣埠阻塞比BR = 85 %，取像截面y = 45 mm 81 4.3.10進氣埠阻塞比BR = 85 %，取像截面y = 30 mm 83 4.4量化分析 85 4.4.1面平均渦度旋轉比(SCA)與循環渦度旋轉比(SCA) 85 4.4.2面平均絕對紊流強度( ICA )與循環絕對紊流強度(ICA ) 86 第五章 實驗與計算結果比較 88 5.1 速度向量與流線圖 88 5.2 面平均渦度旋轉比(SCA)與循環渦度旋轉比(SCA) 88 第六章 引擎性能之計算 90 6.1 單火星塞引擎性能計算 90 6.1.1 缸內溫度於對稱面之分佈 90 6.1.2 缸內平均壓力變化 93 6.1.3 缸內平均溫度變化 94 6.1.4 缸內已燃質量分率變化 94 6.2 雙火星塞引擎性能計算 94 6.2.1 缸內溫度於對稱面之分佈 95 6.2.2 缸內平均壓力變化 97 6.2.3 缸內平均溫度變化 98 6.2.4 缸內已燃質量分率變化 99 6.3 單火星塞與雙火星塞引擎性能比較 99 6.3.1 缸內溫度於對稱面之分佈 99 6.3.2 缸內平均壓力變化 100 6.3.3 缸內平均溫度變化 101 6.3.4 缸內已燃質量分率變化 101 第七章 結論與建議 103 7.1結論 103 7.1.1缸內流場量測 103 7.1.2 引擎性能之計算 104 7.2 建議 105 參考文獻 106

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