近年來發生多起嚴重的遊覽車翻覆意外，截至96年11月底，大客車每萬輛死亡率(0.78)遠高於一般小客車的每萬輛死亡率(0.07)。由此可知，當意外發生時，乘客生命安全就會受到嚴重的威脅，而乘客能否平安的首要條件，在於大客車車體本身架構所能承受多少外界的衝擊、車體變形能量吸收之多寡及乘客所受外力作用大小。
本文是依照歐洲大客車架構強度法規ECE R66之全車翻覆測試，利用有限元素分析軟體LS-Dyna以台北市大都會客運公司之中低底盤市內公車為例，進行翻覆模擬分析。設計針對空車及滿載車體之磁流變液阻尼器加裝於公車上，再進行翻覆模擬，以了解其減少變形及加速度之效果。經由計算結果得知，裝有磁流變液阻尼器之車體，可有效的減少車體之變形量(空車達85.6%、滿載達61.9%)和加速度值(空車46.8%、滿載19%)，進而增加車體內乘客空間及減少乘客所受外力(空車46.8%、滿載19%)，以達到法規所規定乘客空間之要求。

In recent years,a lot of bus rollover accidents happen,by the end of November of 1996, the death rate of every ten thousand buses is 0.78 were higher than passenger cars’ 0.07. Passengers will be still dangerous when the accident happens, the most important condition that passengers could be safe, depend on the bus’ structure could absorb how much external impact, energy and deformation.
This paper is according to Economic Commission for Europe (ECE R66)－Full scale rollover test,use the finite element analysis software LS-Dyna to simulate the low chassis bus of Metropolitan Transport Corporation.Design the Magetorheological(MR) Fluid Damper for vacant bus and fully loaded bus and compared the bus skeleton installed the MR damper and doesn’t. From the result, the bus skeleton with MR damper can efficiently reduce the maximun deformation(vacant bus is 85.6% and fully loaded bus is 61.9%) and acceleration(vacant bus is 46.8% and fully loaded bus is 19%), and then increase the passengers’ space in the bus and reduce the external force (vacant bus is 46.8% and fully loaded bus is 19%) that passengers receive; in order to reach ECE R66 Passengers Safety Space.

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