住宅為民生生活上重要需求之一，好的住宅直接影響著居住者的生活模式與生活品質。我國集合住宅在建築業務量占有非常重要的地位，間接的顯示出從民國五十年代起建設公司設立後本土集合住宅經過各種設計上的變化與階段性演進。目的就是使居住者擁有更良好的居住環境。近年因應高齡化社會、少子化、晚婚或不婚主義者增多使家庭結構改變所產生各種房型之居住空間需求，房型尺寸需求也較以往集合住宅之坪數小與多樣化，使大坪數產品開發案無法對應近年主流之居住客層，由此造成空屋率持續擴大。為解決我國集合住宅之發展形勢改變，開發商逐漸針對住戶多樣化之室內空間需求、建築性能發展為研發目標。因此，本研究之研究目的為：（1）國內近年集合住宅居住尺度之調查分析（2）研擬內至外設計型式之開放式集合住宅支架體設計方法（3）開放式建築之集合住宅支架體涵容力分析。
本研究認為好的空間是以人為出發點，集合住宅室內空間應以最有效之空間使用並代替重建換房之做法，透過各類案例調查分析得到現今集合住宅產品在各階段操作上之設計重點為後續支架體設計之重要參考依據，並以最為舒適之居住尺度範圍與基本傢俱元素為設計考量之初，逐一至由內設計至最外層之標準層配置，並藉由開放建築設計達到集合住宅性能提升。透過上述方法設計出各種以使用者為考量之完美支架體。因此本研究之成果主要分為以下三個部分:
1. 本研究透過近年集合住宅之案例調查後，彙整以下各類操作時之設計重點：（1）各案例空間面積之平均值（2）各案例房型架構與配置方式（3）各案例標準層操作之設計方法，透過以上彙整之尺寸範圍與配置方式皆可作為後續支架體設計操作上之重要參考結論。
2. 透過由內至外設計方法所獲得之設計重點：（1）擁有良好舒適性與經濟性之傢俱尺寸設計（2）室內各類空間區分（小、中、大）尺寸配置之多樣性設計（3）各類單元房型具備在框架內變動組合之可能性，並依據（2、3、4）房房型所提供（小、中、大）共9種多樣性單元房型設計，藉由組和彈性示範一字型共19種、工字型共20種、Ｌ字型共15組配置型式（4）導入開放式建築理念之單元水區規劃設計（5）從中選擇一種單元配置產生標準層設計（6）以此標準產出符合台灣近期熱門之建築支架體（工字型、一字型、L型）並透過各種基地驗證其適應性。
3. 本研究透過支架體彈性評估分析，主要可分為二個部份為探討重點：（1）將3種類型支架體與3種單元架構分別將支架體示範設計出8種類型組合（2）將3種單元型式設計規劃出11種房型內部設計。

Housing is an essential livelihood, and good housing directly affects the lifestyle and quality of life of the residents. The number of apartment building construction accounts in a very important rate; indirectly, it shows the evolution of design process of apartment building after the establishment of Construction Company in 1960s. Hence, the purpose is to enable better living quality for occupants. In response to the increment of the aging society, trend of fewer children, late marriage or single advocates, the changes in family structure cause the demand of variety of dwelling unit; the demand of room size is smaller than the past but more diversified. So that, the number of development in large room size product cannot meet the needs nowadays, and the vacancy rate in housing continuously rises. To address the situation of the development of apartment building, the developer seeks to alter interior space and the building performance as its targets for development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is (1) to investigate the recently residential scale of the housing (2) to develop a design method of inside out support in open building (3) to analysis the capacity of the support of apartment building.
This study suggests that good space is people-oriented at the starting point, an interior space of apartment building should be effectively used instead of reconstruction. From the investigation and analysis of each stage of design process, further design on the support is relevantly complied. Applying the most comfortable residential scale and basic furniture elements, standard layout is designed by one by one from interior to envelope, and the performance of apartment building is enhanced by architectural design of open building. In case of design method, the support is ultimate in user’s perspective. Therefore, the results of this study can be concluded into following three parts:
1. The key design points of various type are compiled into following: (1) the average area of each interior space (2) the support and layout of each dwelling unit (3) the standard floor plane of each case design methods. From different ranges of scale and layout, it can be compiled as an important reference for the follow-up operation on the design of the support.
2. Through the design practice of the inside out method, it has acquired: (1) a comfortable and economic size of the furniture design (2) all distinguished kinds of interior space (small, medium, large) in diversity design (3) different kinds of combination and furniture in dwelling units within the support, according to the chamber of ((2),(3),(4)) the room type provided (small, medium, large), it comes into nine possible diversity of standard floor design (4) import the open building concept into watering zone in planning (5) based on the nine combination of dwelling unit, the standard layer plane is planned (6) in order to comply with the standard output of recent popular form of the support (H, Line, L type) and verify its adoptability through various site.
3. Assessing the flexibility of the support, it is examined into two parts: (1) three types of the support and three types of the dwelling unit were demonstrated into 8 kinds of combinations (2 ) three types of dwelling unit is planned into 11 kinds of interior design.

1. 王明蘅 譯（2008）。衍異－開放住宅的系統設計。台北市：建築與文化出版社。
2. 石渡 廣一（2011）。UR租賃住宅的建設、財務、維修管理、更新與用途變更。。
3. 何明錦、魏浩揚、杜功仁（2009）。開放式住宅整建系統之研究。內政部建築研究所專題研究成果報告。
4. 杜功仁、 施宣光（2013）。開放式建築之集合住宅案例模擬與評估。內政部建築研究所專題研究成果報告。
5. 杜功仁、魏浩揚（2007）。大量客製化之開放式住宅系統原型研發。內政部建築研究所專題研究成果報告。
6. 杜功仁（2002）。台灣住宅整建需求之特性。建築學報，第39期，P. 87-100。
7. 杜功仁（2000）。邁向本土化開放式住宅的發展策略。「二十一世紀都市規劃永續發展研討會」論文集，2000年一月，台北市，p. 63-80。
8. 張育馨（2002）。既有集合住宅建築整建之平面可變性研究。台北市：國立台灣科技大學碩士論文。
9. 許玄明（2008）。設備管線外置式開放住宅系統之研究。台北市：國立台灣科技大學碩士論文。
10. 彭雲宏，杜功仁（2000）。開放式住宅之開發案例。內政部建築研究所專題計劃研究成果報告。
11. 魏浩揚、杜功仁（2005）。開放式建築填充體關鍵技術之研發。內政部建築研究所專題計畫研究成果報告。
12. 魏浩揚，杜功仁（2003）。室內可拆組隔間牆系統之研發。內政部建築研究所專題計畫研究成果報告。
13. NEXT21編輯委員會（2005）。NEXT21之設計精神與居住實驗十年之全貌。大版瓦斯株式會社。
14. 魏浩揚、何明錦、杜功仁（2009）。開放式住宅整建系統之研究。內政部建築研究所協同研究報告。
15. Habraken, N. J. (1976). Variations: the systematic design of supports, Cambridge, Mass. MIT press.
16. Hawtrey, K. (2009). Affordable housing finance. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. Kendall, S. and Teicher, J. (2000). Residential Open Building. E & FN Spon, London.
17. Takeo, Y. (2000). Proceedings of Continuous Customization in Housing: Conference of Open Building Implementation, October 16-18, 2000. Tokyo, Japan.