In recent decades, there has been a significant emphasis on seeking alternatives to traditional mineral fillers used in asphalt pavement. This shift in focus is driven by the diminishing availability of conventional filler sources and a commitment to achieving sustainable development goals. Alkali-activated slag (AAS), which has the potential to replace cementitious binders, has gained attention in research and development. However, the practical application of AAS is still in the investigative phase, leading to the generation of substantial laboratory waste materials during mass production for testing purposes. This paper discusses the requirement for environmentally-friendly disposal of laboratory waste while exploring the feasible utilization of AAS as a mineral filler substitution in asphalt materials, including both asphalt mastic and asphalt concrete. To gain insights into how different types of mineral filler affect the characteristics of asphalt materials, a comprehensive analysis of attributes of AAS filler was conducted and compared with that of limestone (LS) filler. The study also examined the conventional properties and rheology of asphalt mastic produced using both fillers. Furthermore, the behavior of asphalt concretes under various temperature conditions, including low, intermediate, and high temperatures, was characterized using the monotonic indirect tensile (IDT) test. The results obtained from this research indicate that AAS filler exhibits superior compatibility with the asphalt binder when compared to LS mineral filler. Consequently, asphalt materials using AAS filler demonstrated better properties relative to the ones containing LS filler. These findings support the feasible replacement of AAS filler for LS filler in asphalt mixture. Nevertheless, it is essential to conduct further research to fully harness the advantages of incorporating AAS filler into asphalt materials.

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