中文摘要

近年來由於能源危機及溫室效應，節省能源消耗及減少二氧化碳已是相當重要的議題，其中綠色能源更是受到相當重視之重要能源。為了節能減碳及健康照明，近年來已經有許多的研究著重於無需光電轉換之太陽光集光系統，例 : HIMAWARI, SOLUX 及自然光導光照明系統 (NLIS)等技術。而在這些技術當中，自然導光照明系統可更加容易地施工及安裝於建築物上，並可擷取自然光進入室內進行照明。

自然光導光照明系統可分為集光、傳光及放光三個子系統。其中集光子系統部份，稜鏡結構元件扮演了非常重要的角色，此稜鏡結構可收集太陽光並在自然光導光照明系統中傳輸太陽光，此稜鏡元件名稱為”導光磚”，並可將其貼合於建築物的外觀上。在本論文研究中，我們提出了一新型導光磚，此新型導光磚相較於傳統導光磚可大幅提升效率。在新型導光磚結構上，我們透過數學理論進行設計及分析，設計了兩個稜鏡結構子元件，名稱各為”主導光磚”及”輔導光磚”，藉由組合主導光磚及輔導光磚後，此組合元件將可形成一單元元件，而模擬證明，即使串接超過十個單元元件，太陽光在此導光磚中進行壓縮及傳輸後，仍可保持高效率。藉由新型導光磚的可串接特性，相較於傳統導光磚，不僅可大幅提高效率，並且可減少系統出口數目，進而減少傳光元件的數量。

自然光導光照明系統相較於傳統照明燈具可節省80%的能源消耗，具有節能減碳的優點，然而，在現行的集光及傳光子系統設計概念上，為了減少整體厚度及重量，集光子系統尺寸體積必須越薄越好；相對地，傳光子系統尺寸則必須越大越好以利於更佳的傳輸效率，所以在集光及傳光兩個子系統間，存在著系統尺寸不對等問題。為了解決此系統尺寸不對等問題，我們提出了一新型具有稜鏡結構之錐形光學耦合器，並可將此耦合器安裝運用於自然光導光照明系統中的集光及傳光子系統間，此新型錐型光學耦合器可較輕易地連接集光及傳光子系統，並可因此增加自然光導光照明系統的模組化程度。在本論文中，我們分析了此新型耦合器之數學模型及耦合效率，並且，我們亦分析了包含了集光、新型錐形耦合器及傳光子系統之整體系統傳輸效率。相較於傳統自然光導光照明系統耦合器，例 : 光纖，此新型錐形耦合器不僅僅可提升整 體系統(包含導光磚、耦合器及2公尺長傳光管)效率1.4倍，亦可簡易地連結集光及傳光兩個子系統。此設計並可透過模組化設計概念進行大量量產，進而藉由自然光導光照明系統來提供穩定及高效率之太陽光。

除了新型集光器及耦合器之外，本論文亦提出了一使用於放光子系統之新型混合式田口模擬退 火優化法，由於當集光子系統或傳光子系統進行新式元件改善後，出光配光曲線會因此而改變， 相對應的放光元件也要跟著微調或重新設計，故需進行優化來調整放光元件之設計，傳統模擬退火法可求解廣域優化問題，所以近年來已漸漸地被使用於非成像光學系統上，然而，傳統模擬退火法與退火時程及初始點設定具有強烈關聯性，所以若初始值設定不佳，則會造成優化結果不佳或優化時間變得相當冗長，本論文提出一新型混合式田口模擬退火優化，我們將傳統模擬退火法中加入田口法，期望透過此新型優化法來減少模擬次數及較穩定之優化結果值。此新型優化法亦已模擬證明可使用於全反射透鏡及室內放光光學透鏡上，並成功地證明新型之混合田口模擬退火優化法可更精確搜尋優化值且具有較低的初始值依賴性。

ABSTRACT

Regarding to the energy-saving and carbon dioxide reduction, the green energy has been gaining popularity in recent years. For saving energy and healthy lighting, there are many researches to focus on sunlight system without opto-electronic conversion, ex : HIMAWARI, SOLUX and Natural Light Illumination System (NLIS). Among on those technologies, NLIS can be used in construction and gather nature light for indoor illumination. There are three subsystems of NLIS, collecting, transmitting and emitting subsystem.

Natural light illumination system (NLIS) with sunlight can be separated into collecting, transmitting, and emitting three subsystems. Regarding to collecting subsystem, prismatic elements play a key role in the natural light illumination system for collecting and guiding sunlight. The prismatic elements are named as “light bricks” and tile on the outsides of buildings for indoor illumination. In this paper, we present an innovative prismatic structures design to highly increase the efficiency compared to conventional light bricks. By the mathematical analysis, we design two prismatic elements as “Main Light Bricks” and “Support Light Bricks”. By assembling the two light bricks as a basic unit, the sunlight will be compressed to transmit and the system still keep high efficiency after guiding over ten cascadable units. Regarding to the cascadable characteristic, the innovative New Light Bricks not only increase the efficiency but reduce the numbers of output ports compared to conventional light bricks.

NLIS can save 80% of the energy compared to traditional lighting. However, there is a size mismatch problem happened between conventional collecting and transmitting subsystems. For reducing the thickness and weight of the system, the dimensions of collecting subsystem have to design as thinner as possible. In opposite, the transmitting components are designed larger size for gathering higher transmission efficiency as possible. For solving the size mismatch and coupling problem, we proposed an innovative optical tapered coupler with the prism structure applied between collecting and transmitting subsystems of NLIS. The new optical coupler can easy to connect these two subsystems and increase the modulization capability of NLIS. In this research, we analyzed the mathematical model and coupling efficiency. Furthermore, we also analyzed the transmission efficiency of completed system including collecting, Tapered Prism Coupler (TPC) and transmitting subsystems. Compared to conventional NLIS coupler, like fiber, the innovative TPC can increase 1.4 times efficiency than conventional one based on whole system (Including light Brick, coupler and 2m light pipes). The TPC not only increases efficiency but also be easy to assemble these two subsystems and mass production based on modular design concept. Regarding to the innovative TPC and NLIS, we can provide steady illumination in indoor space for healthy illumination and energy saving.

For design the optical lens of emitting subsystem, we proposes a new method for optimizing the total internal reflection (TIR) Lens and indoor illumination lens by using a hybrid Taguchi-Simulated Annealing algorithm. Regarding to different collecting and transmitting design, we have to re-designed the emitting components due to the variance of output light distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to re-design by optimization program. The conventional Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is a method for solving the global optimization problem and also being used in non-imaging system in recent years. However, the success of the SA depends heavily on annealing schedule and initial parameters setting. In this research, we incorporated the steady Taguchi method into SA algorithm and applied to TIR lens and indoor illumination lens successfully. The new Hybrid Taguchi-Simulated Annealing algorithm shows the more precise searching results and lower initial parameters dependence.

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