磁流變液（Magnetorheological fluid，簡稱MR fluid）為一高智能材料，藉由瞬間磁場變化來改變其機械性質且易於控制。本文將磁流變液應用於重型火砲上，利用其特性來降低火砲擊發後產生的後座力。首先將M2牽引式155公厘加農砲作為分析系統的例子，推導其後座運動的方程式，然後根據磁流變液元件的設計原則，設計出一組效應等於原系統的新型制退機構。在通入磁場的影響下，比較MR系統與原系統之間的差異性。

分析結果顯示，有磁場作用的MR系統，能有效的降低後座力、位移、速度及加速度。針對不同功能所設計的火砲，具備不同射速下可調變的優點，足見火砲之制退機構，若採用磁流變液，具降低後座力，而改善衝擊的效能。

Magnetorhological fluid（or simply“MR”fluid）is a kind of intellectual materials that the mechanical properties can be rapidly changed by the application of magnetic field and is easily controlled. The
application of magnetorheological fluid in heavy artillery reduce the breech force after firing. For example, equation of motion is derived from the analyticl system of the M2 155mm cannon, than design a new type brake. It is equal to the original system according to basic operating modes for MR fluid devices. Compare the difference between MR system and original system while under the influence of the magnetic field.
The analysis results show that MR system in magnetic field can be used to reduce the breech force, displacement, speed and acceleration effectively. Designed artillery to different functions has the advantage of damping-changed and damping-adjusted under different speeds of shooting. If magnetorheological fluid is adopted, breech force can be reduce, and the efficiency recoil can be improved.

[1]任勇生, “智能材料在土木結構監測及振動控制中的應用,”太原理工大學學報, 第三巻第五期, 2000.
[2]LORD MR Solutions, “What is the Difference between MR and ER Fluid?,” Presentation, May 2002.
[3]Rabinow, J., “The Magnetic Fluids Clutch,” Electric Engineering,Vol. 67, pp. 417-431, 1948.
[4]Rabinow, J., “Magnetic Fluids Clutch”, National Bureau of Standards Technical News Bulletin, 32 (4) 54-60 (1948).
[5]Rabinow, J., “Magnetic Fluid Torque and Force Transmitting Device”, U.S. Patent 2,575,360 (1951).
[6]Shulman, Z. P., Kordonsky, V. I.,Zaltsgendler, E. A., Prokhorov, I. V., Khusid, B. M. and Demchuk, S. A., “Structure, Physical Properties and Dynamics of Magetorheological Suspensions,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 935-955, 1986.
[7]Nakatsuka, K., Yokoyama, H., Shimoiizaka, J. and Funaki, T., “Damper Application of Magnetic Fluid For a Vibration Isolating Table,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol. 65, pp. 359-362, 1987
[8]Kordonsky, W. I., Shulman, Z. P., Gorodkin, S. R., Demchuk, S. A., Prokhorov, I. V., Zaltsgendler, E. A. and Khusid, B. M., “Physical Properties of Magnetizable Structure-Reversible Media,” J.Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol. 85, pp. 114-120, 1990.
[9]Weiss, K. D., Carlson, J. D. and Nixon, D. A., “Viscoelastic Properties of Magneto-and Electro-Rheological Fluids,” Journal of Intellignet Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 5, pp. 772-775, 1994.
[10]Carlson, J. D. and Weiss, K. D., “A Growing Attraction to Magnetic Fluids,” Machine Design, pp. 61-64, August 1994.
[11]Ashour, O., Rogers, C. A. and Kordonsky, W. I., “Magnetorheological Fluids : Materials, Characterization and Dievices,” Journal of Intellignet Material Systems and Structure, Vol. 7, pp. 123-130, 1996.
[12]Jeon, D. and Park, C., “Vibration suppression by controlling an MR damper,” ERMR’97, International Conference on ERF, MRS and Their Applications, pp. 22-25, July 1997, Yonezawa, JAPAN
[13]Jolly, M. R., Bender, J. W. and Carlson, J. D., “Properties and Applications of MR Fluids,” SPIE 5th Annual Int. Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, CA, 15 March, 1998.
[14]卜遠程, “磁流變流體之機械性質與消能機制的探討,” 博士論文, 國立台灣大學應用力學研究所, 1998.
[15]S. J. McManus and K. A. St. Clair, “Evaluation of Vibration and Shock Attenuation Performance of A Suspension Seat With A Semi-Active Magnetorehological Fluids With A Semi-Active Magnetorheological Fluids Damper,” Journal of Sound and Vibration(2002)253(1), 313-327
[16]Mehdi Ahmadian and James C. Poynor, “An evaluation of magneto rheological dampers for controlling gun recoil dynamics,” Shock and Vibration 8 (2001) 147-155
[17]溫學聖, “微處理器控制大口徑火砲制退復進機構可行性分析,” 碩士論文, 國防大學中正理工學院兵器系統工程研究所, 2002.
[18]Mehdi Ahmadian, Randall J. Appleton, and James A. Norris, “Designing Magneto-Rheological Dampers in a Fire Out-of-Battery Recoil System,” IEEE Transaction On Magnetics. Vol. 39, No. 1 January 2003
[19]王代華, “磁流變液(MR)的特性與應用研究綜述,” 第二屆全國電磁流變學術會議, pp. 25, 1998.
[20]LORD Materials Division, “Design with MR Fluids,” Engineering Note, December 1999.
[21]Kormann, C., Laun, M. and Klett, G., “Actuator 94, 4th Int. Conf. on New Actuators,” eds. H. Borgman and K. Lenz, Axon Technologies Consult GmbH, 271, 1994.
[22]Guangqiang Yang, B. S., Large-Scale Magnetorheological Fluid Damper for Vibration Mitigtion: Modeling, Testing and Control, December 2001.
[23]Duclos, T. G., “Design of Devices Using Electrorheological Fluids,” SAE Paper #881134, Future Transp. Techn. Conf. and Exp., San Francisco, CA, Aug 8-11, 1988.
[24]Carlson, J. D., “The Promie of Controllable Fluids,” Actuator 94, 4th Int. Conf. on New Actuators, eds. H. Borgman and K. Lenz, Axon Technologies Consult GmbH, 266-270, 1994.
[25]LORD Materials Division, “Magnetic Circuit Design,” Engineering Note, November 1999.
[26]黃奎森 譯, 標準機械設計圖表便覽3th, 台北: 眾文圖書股份有限公司印行, 1998.
[27]J. Corner, Theory of the Interior Ballistics of Guns, New York: Wiley, 1950.
[28]陸軍砲兵飛彈學校, M2牽引式155公厘加農砲暨8吋榴彈砲操作手冊, 國防部陸軍總司令部印領, 2003.
[29]聯勤第202廠 譯印, 制退復進機設計, 台北, 1982.
[30]Singiresu S. Rao, Mechanical Vibrations, 台北: 台北圖書有限公司印行, 1985.
[31]解晉, 兵器原理及設計, 台北: 台灣中華書局印行, 1974.
[32]康淵 譯, 振動學理論與應用, 台北: 曉圓出版社發行, 1985.
[33]LORD MR fluid, Hydrocarbon-based (MRF-132DG), Printed in USA 2005, LORD Coporation.
[34]http://www.efunda.com/materials/materials_home/materials.cfm
[35]http://www.granddadshobbyshop.com/Military.html