快速原形為以層堆疊之方式來建構工件的加工方式，其是以自動化之機器建構工件，但在大部份之RP機器中並沒有偵測加工是否正確之功能，故無法在加工錯誤時及時發現錯誤。本研究即針對此問題研發符合Objet快速原形機器之線上自動化影像監控及量測系統，使機器在無人化之情況下，發生加工錯誤之情形能立即發出警報並停止加工，降低損失，此外本系統並在加工中提供量測工件尺寸之功能。
本研究包含視覺取像模組、PLC程式控制模組、機構組立模組及影像檢測軟體模組四個部分。視覺取像模組用以擷取影像。PLC程式控制模組用以感應噴頭位置並在適當位置傳遞訊息給CCD，執行取像的動作。機構組立模組為支撐視覺取像模組，使視覺取像模組不會因機器輕微之震動而影響到取像品質。影像檢測軟體模組為此系統之主要監控程式，用以進行影像檢測、面積計算、結果比對等動作，而檢測方法是以自動化面積比較法和輪廓點距離比較法做監控，自動化面積比較法之上下限定在0.9-1.1，輪廓點距離比較法之對照值定在10 Pixels以內；在本研究之監控系統中，並將所研發之系統應用在監控一個2.5D及3D工件，以驗證本系統之實用性，並於最後在自動化面積比較法中做加工錯誤之模擬，以了解當加工錯誤時，系統是否能及時產生錯誤訊息，停止加工。本研究並加入量測之應用，主要以量測圓形直徑及兩線之間之距離，量測圓是以輪輻(Spoke)搜尋求得直徑，量測兩線之距離是以平行線邊界搜尋(Rake)搭配直線方程式及點到直線之最短距離方程式求得距離，並將此量測程式應用於真實RP加工之工件量測，並於量測結束後進行量測結果探討。

The Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques manufacture the parts layer by layer by automated machines. Most of the RP machines do not have monitoring systems to detect the fabrication errors and stop itself. In this study, we developed an automatic on-line monitoring and measuring system for Objet’s EDEN330. When the errors occur, the system could alarm the user and stop the machine to reduce further damages. Moreover, it would provide measuring function during processing.
The on-line visual monitoring system consists of four modules— the image capture module, PLC controlling program, mechanism assembly module, and image inspection software. The image capture module took and stored images. The PLC controlling program commanded the image capture module to work, and activated the alarm if mistakes happened. Mechanism assembly module supported the image capture components in a fixed position. The image inspection software was the main monitoring program in this system. Two detecting methods were used– automatic area comparison method and contour interval comparison of point coordinates method. The automatic area comparison method compared the area of captured picture with the area of the sliced model. The acceptable ratio was set between 0.9 and 1.1. The contour interval comparison of point coordinates method compared with the distances of point coordinate, and the maximum allowable value is 10 Pixels. The monitoring system was successfully tested by 2.5D and 3D models with simulated errors. When the mistakes were detected, the alarm was triggered and the RP process was terminated.
This system also provides measuring function. In this study, diameter of a circle and the distances between two lines were measured. Spoke function was used to obtain diameter, and Rake function together with linear equation and point distance equation was used to obtain distances between two lines. A benchmark RP part was built, and certain dimensions were measured and compared with the literature.

[1] Kodama, Hideo, “Automatic method for fabricating a three dimen- sional plastic with photo hardening polymer,” Review of Scientific Instruments, Volume 52, Number 11, 1981.
[2] Hull; Charles W, “Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography,” United States Patent and Trademark Office Websites, 1984.
[3] Crump; S. Scott, ” Apparatus and method for creating three-dimensional objects,”United States Patent and Trademark Office Websites ,1989.
[4] Sachs; Emanuel M., Haggerty; John S., Cima; Michael J., Williams; Paul A., ” Three-dimensional printing techniques,” United States Patent and Trademark Office Websites ,1989.
[5] Objet Geometries Ltd Company (http:// www.2objet.com / Products / eden330.html)
[6] Sanders, Jr.; Royden C., Forsyth; John L., Philbrook; Kempton F.,” 3-D model maker”, United States Patent and Trademark Office Websites,1996.
[7]賴後權，“基因演算法於快速成型中網格最佳化與線上影像監視之研究”，碩士論文，大葉大學自動化工程學系，1993。
[8]汪光夏，“機器視覺應用”，電路版會刊第二期，pp.9~20，1998。
[9] Tokyo Electronic Industry Corporation, “CCD Monochrome Video Camera CS8420i Operation Manual,” 2000.
[10] Cox., 攀家寅譯，“攝影光學”，pp.1~10，pp.28~65，徐氏基金會。
[11] National Instruments Corporation, “IMAQ PCI/PXI – 1411 User Manual,”2000.
[12]張笑航，1985，微電腦可程式控制器原理與應用，全華圖書有限公司，pp2~7，pp58~62。
[13]廖文輝，周至宏 編，洪英榮 校閱，“圖形監控”，pp.1-1~1-18， pp.2-1~2-18，全華科技圖書。
[14]洪榮哲，“機械控制用感測器技術入門”，全華科技圖書，pp27~40，1988。
[15] National Instruments Corporation, “IMAQ Vision Concepts Manual,” 2000.
[16]吳成柯，戴善榮，程湘君，雲立貴 譯，“數位影像處理”，pp.5~17，pp.523~533，儒林書局，1996。
[17]鍾國亮，“影像處理與電腦視覺”，東華書局，2004。
[18]陸光中，蕭子健，“LabVIEW & Microsoft 的整合實例(I)”高立出版社，2004。
[19]蕭裕昌，“應用影像量測技術於微小元件之外形尺寸量測之研究”碩士論文，淡江大學航空太空工程學系，2004。
[20]蕭子健，朱朔嘉，孫家偉，:“LabVIEW入門篇”，高立出版社，2002。
[21]黃友岑，“CAD輔助2D影像檢測技術發展”，碩士論文，國立中央大學機械工程研究所，2004。
[22]黃順章，“影像檢測技術在晶片包裝紙帶沖壓製程的應用”，碩士論文，國立虎尾科技大學動力機械工程研究所，2004。
[23]王三儀，“精密量測”，科友圖書有限公司，1978。
[24]Todd Grimm, “Stereolithography, Selective Laser Sintering and Poly Jet: Evaluating and Applying the Right Technology,” Accelerated Technologies, Inc. www.atirapid.com ,2001.
[25]黃彥超，“Objet快速原型機之線上監控系統研發”，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學機械工程系研究所，2005。
[26]J. -Y. Jeng, J.-C. Wang, T. T. Lin and W. P. Yang, ”On Line Model Accuracy Inspection of Model Maker Rapid Prototyping Using Vision Technology”, Department of Mechanical Engineer, Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, IEEE,2001.
[27]Michael J. Bailey, “Tele-Manufacturing: Rapid Prototyping on the Internet with Automatic Consistency-Checking”, University of California at San Diego and San Diego Supercomputer Center.
[28] http://mv.im.isu.edu.tw/mv-web89/背後照明.htm，http://mv.im.isu.edu.tw/mv-web89/正面照明.htm，http://mv.im.isu.edu.tw/mv-web89/結構照明.htm。
[29]繆紹綱編譯，”數位影像處理”，普林斯頓國際有限公司，2004。
[30] Taiwan Modern Dyestuffs & Pigments Co., Ltd. http://www.tmdp- dye.ttnet.net/。
[31]Major RP Technology, ( http://www.uni.edu/~rao/rt/ major tech
.htm)。
[32]HONGGIK UNIVERSITY, ( http://www.hongik.ac.kr/~CyberRT
/ class/part4/ch02/ch02sec02.htm)。