本研究欲探討人們使用智慧型手機所帶來的矛盾現象，對其產生的意會與採納之間的關係。本研究的研究問題為，使用者對於智慧型手機會產生什麼樣的意會？而這項科技對於使用者產生什麼樣的影響？另外，使用者所產生的意會與科技採納之間又有什麼樣的關係？是什麼樣的因素造成使用者持續採用科技智慧型手機？

本研究採用個案研究法，藉由深度訪談分析6名來自不同背景的個案，了解個案對於智慧型手機使用經驗與意會，以逐步收斂成為命題。研究結果發現，當使用者深陷於某種特定情境中，在面對智慧型手機所帶來的負向影響時，使用者會啟動自我申辯的機制，說服自己與他人繼續使用智慧型手機。因而對於科技廠商而言，未來科技產品的設計應該專注於軟體上的設計，讓使用者進入深陷情境之中。而使用者方面，則是可以藉由條適性學習降低科技產品所帶來的套牢效果。

This study explores into the paradoxes that smart phone users experience and how they would react to such. The underlying question that this study seeks to answer is people's sensemaking towards smart phone. How does this technology affect end users? In addition, what are the implications between technology adaptation and the users' sensemaking. What factors trigger people to stay on using smart phone?

This study adopts the method of case study. I had interviewed and analyzed 6 different cases all with different background to seek their experience and sensemaking with smart phone, using convergence to be propositions (and conceptual structure). Analysis shows that when the user is facing the negative effect caused by smart phone in a particular situation, one will start his self-justification mechanism to persuade himself and others to keep using smart phone. Thus, in terms of technology suppliers, they should focus on the software design about their future products, so as to put users in situation. On the other hand, for the users, it is recommended that one should apply the adjusting learning method to lower the Hold-up effects that technological products bring upon.

參考文獻
英文部分：
Allen, D. K., & Shoard, M. (2005). Spreading the load: mobile information and communications technologies and their effect on information overload. Information Research, 10(2), 227-231.

Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1996). The Social Construction of Reality, New York: Penguin.

Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economics, 4: 385-405.

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.

Davis, F. D. (1986). A Technology Acceptance Model for Empirically Testing New End-user Information Systems: Theory and Results. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review,14(4), 532-550.

Fortunati (2002). The mobile phone: towards new categories and social relations. Information, Communication & Society,5(4), 513–528.

Fulk, J.(1993). Social construction of Communication Technology, Academy of Management Journal(36), 921-950.

Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Gapal, A., & Prasad, P.(2000). Understanding GDSS in Symbolic Context: Shifiting the Focus from Technology to Interaction. MIS Quarterly(24:3), 509-546.

Gergen K. J. (2002). The challenge of absent presence. In Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance (Katz Je and Aakhus Ma, Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 227–241.

Golden-Biddle, K., &Locke, K. (1993). Appealing work: an investigation of how ethnographic text convince, Organization Science, (4:4), 595-616.

Griffith, T. (1999). Technology Features as Triggers for Sensemaking, Academy of management Review(24:3), 472-448.

Griffith, T. L., & Northcraft G. B.(1993). Promises, Pitfalls, and Paradox: Cognitive Elements in the Implementation of New Technology. Journal of managerial issues, (5:4), 465-482.

Hutchby, I. (2001). Technologies , Texts, and Affordances, Sociology(35:2), 441-456.

Jarvnpaa S. L., Langkr & Tuunainen V. K. (2005). Friend or foe? The ambivalent relationship between mobile technology and its users. In Designing Ubiquitous Information Environments: Socio-Technical Issues and Challenges, Springer, New York, 29–42.

Karsten, H.(1995). It’s Like Everyone Working around the Same Desk: Organizational Readings of Lotus Notes. Scandinavian Journal of Information System,(7:1), 3-32.
Klein, H. K., & Myers, M. D. (1999). A Set of principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretative Field Studies in Information Systems, MIS Quarterly, (23:1), 67-94.
Matusik, S. F., & Mickel, A. E. (2011). Embracing or embattled by converged mobile devices? Users’ experiences with a contemporary connectivity technology. Human Relations, 64(8), 1001-1030.

Mazmanian, M. A., & Orikowski, W. J. (2005). Crackberry: the social implicationss of ubiquitous wireless e-mail devices. In DesigningUbiquitous Information Environments: Socio-Technical Issues and Challenges, Springer, New York, 337–344.

Mazmanian, M., Orlikowski, W. J., & Yates, J. (2006). Ubiquitous email: Individual experiences and organizational consequences of BlackBerry use. Academy of Management Proceedings, Vol 66.

Middleton, C. A., &Wendy Cukier, W. (2006). Is mobile email function or dysfunctional? Two perspectives on mobile email usage, European Jurnal of Information System, 252-260.

Orlikowski, W. J., & Gash, D. C. (1994). Technology Frames: Making Sense of Information Technology in Organizations, ACM Transaction on Information Systems(12:2), 174-207.

Pentland, B. (1995). Read Me What It Say on Your Screen: The Interpretative Problem in Technical Service Work. Technology Studies(2:1), 50-79.

Prasad, P.(1993). Symbolic Processes in the Implementation of Technological Change: A Symbolic interactionist Study of Work Computerization. Academy of Management Journal, (36:6), 1400-1429.

Schlosser, F. K. (2002). So, how do people really use their handheld devices? A interactive study of wireless technology use. Journal of Organizational Behavior. (23), 401–423.
Staw, B. M. & Ross, J. (1980). Commitment in an experimenting society: An experiment on the attribution of leadership from administrative scenarios. Journal of Applied Psychology,( 65), 249-260.

Staw, B. M. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Academy of Management Review. 6, 577-587.

Staw, B. M. (1976).Knee-deep in the big muddy: A stusy of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, (16), 27-44.

Staw, B. M. & Fox, F. (1977).Escalation: Some determinants to a previously chosen course of action. Human Relations, (30), 431-450.

Turel, O., Serenko, A., Bontis, N.(2011). Family and work-related consequences of addiction to organizational pervasive technologies. Information & management, 48, 88-95.

Wajcman, J., Bittman, M. Brown, J. E. (2008). Families without borders: Mobile phones, connectedness and work-home divisions. Sociology, 42(4), 635-652.

Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in Orgnaization, London: Sage.

Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., Obstfeld, D. (2005). Organizing and the Process of Sensemaking. Organization Science, (16), 409-421.

Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York, Free Press

Wrzesniewski, A. & Dutton, J. E.(2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work, Academy of Management Review,(26:2), 179-201.

Yin, R. K. (1994). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

中文部分：
邱志聖（2010）。策略行銷分析：架構與實務應用。智勝文化事業有限公司。

洪廣朋、張榕容（2007）。從交易成本與社會交換觀點探討供應商採用電子化採購之影響因素。電子商務學報，第九卷，第一期：71-96頁。

洪新原、梁定彭、張嘉銘（2005）。科技接受模式之彙總研究。資訊管理學報，第十二卷，第四期。

侯勝宗、吳思華（2009）。時空情境、科技意會與工作實務：以計程車實務社群為例。管理學報，第二十六卷，第三期：309-332頁。

侯勝宗，樊學良（2011）。負面科技意會的前因與科技採用：台灣大車隊實證研究』。管理學報，第二十六卷，第三期：309-332頁。

陳向明（2004）。社會科學質的研究。台北：五南。

胡幼慧(主編)（2008）。質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。巨流圖書公司。

許麗玲，徐村和，吳憲政 (2009)。影響部落格使用意向的前置因素。電子商務學報，11，1-28。

蔡敦浩、劉育宗、王慧蘭（2011）。敘說探究的第一堂課。鼎茂圖書出版股份有限公司。

蕭瑞麟（2006）。不用數字的研究。台灣培生教育出版股份有限公司。

蕭瑞麟，侯勝宗，歐素華（2011）。演化科技意會─衛星派遣科技的人性軌跡。資訊管理學報，第十八卷•第四期：91-118頁。

蕭瑞麟，許瑋元（2010）。資安洞見：由使用者痛點提煉創新來源。組織與管理，第三卷•第二期：93-128頁。