不鏽鋼與鈦合金製作之鎖定式骨髓內釘與鎖定螺絲之機械性質之比較

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研究生：	楊裕圍 Yu-wei Yang
論文名稱：	不鏽鋼與鈦合金製作之鎖定式骨髓內釘與鎖定螺絲之機械性質之比較 Study of Mechanical Property of the Interlocking Nails and Screws Made by Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloy
指導教授：	趙振綱 Ching-kong Chao
口試委員:	林晉 Jinn Lin 劉見賢 Chien-Hsien Liu
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	150
中文關鍵詞：	有限元素分析、生物力學測試骨髓內釘、鎖定螺絲、應變能密度
外文關鍵詞：	biomechanical testing, interlocking nails
相關次數：	點閱：210 下載：4
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目前臨床上所使用於治療下肢長骨骨折主要是以鎖定式骨髓內釘為主，由於傳統式骨板之缺點太多，所以已逐漸被鎖定式骨髓內釘所取代，且其擁有能將骨折處軟組織傷害降到最小以及穩定骨折處之優點，故鎖定式骨髓內釘於目前市面上已廣泛的被應用。而從臨床觀察中發現，在骨折治療過程中，鎖定式骨髓內釘最容易發生破壞的地方為內釘上的螺絲孔，因而造成骨折固定的失效、不癒合或延遲癒合等情形，而鎖定螺絲最容易發生的破壞模式則為破斷與鬆脫。目前市面上之骨髓內釘與鎖定螺絲由於其幾何差異及材質的不同，很難客觀的做比較，故本研究自行設計與製作螺絲及內釘，來評估幾何尺寸之設計與材質對於機械性能優劣性之影響。

在本文中，分為生物力學測試以及有限元素分析兩部分，在生物力學測試方面，總共對十六種鎖定螺絲以及十二種骨髓內釘作降伏與疲勞測試，而在實驗後得到位移、負載之關係而計算出其彎曲勁度；而在有限元素方面，利用ANSYS建立三維實體模型來進行模擬，其負荷情形與邊界條件和機械測試相同，並得到有限元素分析數值之最大張應力值、位移、總應變能及應變能密度，並將生物力學測試與有限元素分析作一相關性的比較。

由骨髓內釘之生物力學測試結果得知，當內釘上之螺絲孔徑越大時，則疲勞壽命越低；當內徑越大，則疲勞壽命較高。而整體來說，不鏽鋼之疲勞壽命大於鈦合金。由鎖定螺絲之生物力學測試得知，當其內徑越大、根部導圓角半徑越大，則擁有較高之疲勞壽命，且鈦合金之疲勞壽命大於不鏽鋼。而有限元素模擬與生物力學測試有很好的相關性，因此可得知有限元素模擬可準確的預知生物力學測試之結果。

The interlocking nails are widely used to treat femoral shaft fracture because of the disadvantages of bone plates. The bone plate has been replaced by the interlocking nail which has the advantages of minimizes soft tissue injury and stabilizes the fixation. In clinical applications, the mainly fracture modes are screw breakage and loosening .The most easily part to be fractured is the nail hole which may cause the inactive fixation, non-union and delayed union. On the market, because of the differences of the material and geometry of the interlocking nails and screws, it’s not easy to compare them fairly. So we designed and manufactured the nails and screws to evaluate the mechanical effects of the geometry and materials.
In biomechanical testing, both the yielding test and fatigue test were performed. In finite element analysis, a 3D finite element model was carried out to simulate the situation of biomechanical testing. Consequently the maximal tensile stress, displacement , total strain energy and strain energy density are calculated and compared with each other for both biomechanical test and finite element analysis.
From the results of the biomechanical test , the nails with larger nail holes have lower fatigue life, while the nails with larger outer diameter have higher fatigue life. And the fatigue life of the stainless steel nail is much higher than the titanium nail. The screws with larger inner diameter and root radius have higher fatigue life. Moreover the fatigue life of titanium screws is much higher than stainless steel screws. The results based on finite element analysis are found to relate to the results of biomechanical testing with high correlation coefficient. In conclusions, the finite element analysis could predict the results of biomechanical testing accurately.

中文摘要.................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要.................................................Ⅱ
誌謝.....................................................Ⅲ
目錄.....................................................Ⅳ
符號索引.................................................Ⅶ
圖表索引.................................................Ⅸ
第一章   緒論.............................................1
1	  研究動機與目的...................................1
2	  股骨之解剖學構造.................................2
3	  股骨骨髓內釘與鎖定螺絲之簡介.....................5
         1.3.1 骨髓內釘之簡介..............................5
         1.3.2 鎖定螺絲之簡介..............................7
4	  文獻回顧.........................................7
5	  本文架構........................................12
第二章   生物力學測試....................................14
1  生物力學測試簡介................................14
2  骨髓內釘之彎曲強度測試..........................15
2.1 骨髓內釘實體模型之幾何尺寸與材質...........16
2.2 骨髓內釘試樣之準備.........................18
2.3骨髓內釘之降伏測試..........................20
2.4骨髓內釘之疲勞測試..........................24
3  鎖定螺絲之彎曲強度測試..........................25
3.1 鎖定螺絲實體模型之幾何尺寸與材質...........25
3.2 鎖定螺絲試樣之準備.........................29
3.3鎖定螺絲之降伏測試..........................31
3.4鎖定螺絲之疲勞測試..........................34
第三章   有限元素分析....................................36
1  有限元素法簡介..................................36
         3.1.1 前處理.....................................36
         3.1.2 求解.......................................37
         3.1.3 後處理.....................................38
2  骨髓內釘之有限元素分析..........................38
2.1 骨釘模型之建立.............................38
2.2 網格化.....................................39
2.3 接觸分析...................................40
2.4 邊界條件與求解.............................41
2.5 後處理.....................................42
3  鎖定螺絲之有限元素分析..........................42
3.1 螺絲模型之建立.............................43
3.2 網格化.....................................44
3.3 接觸分析...................................45
3.4 邊界條件與求解.............................45
3.5 後處理.....................................46
第四章   結果............................................47
1  生物力學測試之結果..............................47
1.1 骨髓內釘降伏測試之結果.....................47
1.2 骨髓內釘疲勞測試之結果.....................52
1.3 鎖定螺絲降伏測試之結果.....................78
1.4 鎖定螺絲疲勞測試之結果.....................90
2  有限元素分析之結果.............................129
2.1 骨髓內釘有限元素分析之結果................129
2.2 鎖定螺絲有限元素分析之結果................132
3  生物力學測試與有限元素分析之相關性分析.........134
3.1 骨髓內釘之相關性比較......................134
3.2 鎖定螺絲之相關性比較......................136
第五章   綜合討論.......................................140
1 生物力學測試之綜合討論.....................140
2 有限元素分析之綜合討論.....................141
3 應力集中係數與凹口效應之綜合討論...........144
第六章   結論與未來展望.................................146
1  結論......................................146
2  未來展望..................................147
參考文獻................................................148
作者簡介................................................151

                                

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