隨著全球對氣候變化的關注增加，包括台灣在內的 150 多個國
家和地區致力於實現 2050 年的淨零排放目標。為此，政府加快能源
轉型，推廣再生能源及電化學儲能系統。再生能源的間歇性使電力供
應面臨穩定性挑戰。與此同時，參與 RE100 倡議的台灣企業日益增
多，它們通過在工廠安裝太陽能光伏和儲能系統來減少碳排放，並提
高電力使用的穩定性和品質。
然而，隨著台灣對高壓及特高壓時間電價在尖離峰費率價差越
差越大的趨勢，將帶動企業對自家廠區電化學儲能應用之光儲市場
成長。廠區太陽能發電系統滲透率過高，將導致供電變化過大，若儲
能系統無法即時反應，則須以市電供給負載將導致電費增加也造成
儲能系統利用率及效益降低。
本論文對工廠光儲系統做新的規劃，該系統採用直流耦合架構，
往常多採用交流耦合架構，直流耦合系統與交流耦合系統來說轉換
效率有一定程度上的提升，加上基於深度學習 Transformer 模型做特
甄上的擷取搭配 BiLSTM 預測模型開發發電預測及負載預測架構，
並導入混和整數線性規劃(Mixed-integer linear programming)來做隔日之最佳化儲能系統充放電排程，並在當日做負載移動平均之短期預測來達成儲能系統動態調整以補償預測誤差，比較無此控制策略及
加入控制策略對運轉中之能源套利之影響。

Global focus on climate change has led over 150 countries, including Taiwan, to aim for net-zero emissions by 2050, accelerating energy transformation and the adoption of renewable energy and electrochemical storage systems. However, the intermittent nature of renewables challenges power supply stability. In Taiwan, more enterprises are joining the RE100 initiative, integrating solar photovoltaics and storage systems to reduce carbon emissions and enhance power stability.
Yet, the disparity between peak and off-peak electricity tariffs for high voltages is driving a shift towards battery storage in factory-based photovoltaic systems. High solar power penetration can cause significant power supply fluctuations. Without timely energy storage response, reliance on grid power and costs increase, reducing system efficiency.
This paper presents a new plan for factory photovoltaic storage systems, favoring direct current (DC) over alternating current (AC) coupling for system efficiency. It integrates a Transformer model(Machine learning model) with a BiLSTM model for predictive power generation and load forecasting. Mixed-integer linear programming optimizes the storage system's daily charge-discharge schedule, and short-term load forecasting dynamically adjusts the system. The thesis evaluates the impact of this strategy on energy arbitrage compared to non-strategic approaches.

[1] (2023). 臺灣 2050 淨零轉型「電力系統與儲能」關鍵戰略行動計畫(核定本).
[2] 綠. 氣候與能源專案小組, "碳中和是什麼？跟淨零排放有什麼不一樣？臺灣要如何做到淨零排放？," in GreenPeace 綠色和平, ed, 2022年6月8日.
[3] 台電月刊編輯小組. (2017/11) 鳳山智慧綠社區 邁向智慧城市第一步. 台電工程月刊. Available: https://tpcjournal.taipower.com.tw/article/216
[4] 行政院經濟部, "全國最大！台電首座併網2MW儲能系統 今金門啟用 0.2秒電力即刻救援," 徐造華, Ed., ed: 行政院中部聯合中心, 2020/5/15.
[5] I. E. Agency, "World Energy Investment 2023," Paris: IEA, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2023.
[6] J. J. Justo, F. Mwasilu, J. Lee, and J.-W. Jung, "AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 387-405, 2013/08/01/ 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.067.
[7] X. Li, L. Wang, N. Yan, and R. Ma, "Cooperative Dispatch of Distributed Energy Storage in Distribution Network With PV Generation Systems," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1-4, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3117750.
[8] T. Wang, D. O’Neill, and H. Kamath, "Dynamic Control and Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in a Microgrid," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2884-2894, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2430286.
[9] M. Kraning, E. Chu, J. Lavaei, and S. Boyd, "Message passing for dynamic network energy management," arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.1106, 2012.
[10] S. Padhan and D. Tripathy, "Power Forecasting with Minimal Loss using LSTM and PV Model," in 2021 1st International Conference on Power Electronics and Energy (ICPEE), 2-3 Jan. 2021 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICPEE50452.2021.9358565.
[11] A. Vaswani et al., "Attention is all you need," Advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 30, 2017.
[12] J. He, Y. Yang, and D. Vinnikov, "Energy Storage for 1500 V Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Reliability Analysis of DC- and AC-Coupling," Energies, vol. 13, no. 13, p. 3355, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3355.
[13] M. Sandelic, A. Sangwongwanich, and F. Blaabjerg, "Reliability Evaluation of PV Systems with Integrated Battery Energy Storage Systems: DC-Coupled and AC-Coupled Configurations," Electronics, vol. 8, no. 9, p. 1059, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/9/1059.
[14] (2023/6/21). As solar capacity grows, duck curves are getting deeper in California. [Online] Available: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=56880
[15] 經濟部, "台灣513 及 517 停電事故," 2021.
[16] (2023/11/1). 高壓及特高壓電力批次生產時間電價. [Online] Available: https://branch.taipower.com.tw/files/file_pool/1/0N304326196033318514/LINK6.pdf
[17] Tesla, "Tesla Product Details," ed, 2023.