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研究生: 郭輝龍
Hui-Lung Kuo
論文名稱: 互動式虛擬儀器應用於工程教學之效益評估 -以測量課程教學為例
Benefit Evaluation of Teaching in Engineering Programs Using Interactive Virtual Reality Instruments: An Example from Teaching in Measurement Programs
指導教授: 林 耀 煌
Yong-Huang Lin
口試委員: 彭雲宏
Yeng-Horng Perng
張大鵬
Ta-Peng Chang
康仕仲
Shih-Chung Kang
田耀遠
Yaw-Yauan Tyan
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 128
中文關鍵詞: 虛擬測量儀器測量互動式虛擬儀器工程教育數位學習
外文關鍵詞: virtual surveying instrument, survey, virtual reality, engineering education, e-learning
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本研究主要針對應用互動式虛擬儀器教授測量課程作效益評估,透過研發之互動式虛擬儀器教學系統進行教學輔助,冀能提供學生一自學途徑,減少學習障礙,提昇學習效率;同時冀期增加授課教師之教學效率。
本研究除採問卷調查及教師訪談外,並透過實際教學測試以廣泛蒐集功能、操作及自學等全面需求,透過回饋機制導引程式設計者進行改善冀使趨完美。
植基於本研究規範而開發之互動式虛擬儀器教學雛型系統於2006年首次在技職體系四個科系六個班級中進行測試,受訪學生中有91%認為此系統對學習測量課程有幫助,在術科模擬操作測試中有67%測試成績達75分以上,均足證本研究之初期成效。
透過教學過程中本數位教學系統之回饋機制,經本研究團隊持續之改善,大大提昇數位教學系統之功能設計,復於2007年在一般大學體系之兩所國立學校,四個班級進行輔助教學測試,受訪學生中有95%認為此系統對學習測量課程有幫助,在數位術科考場中有69%考試成績達75分以上,由此亦能驗證本研究確有其實質之效能。
經實際教學測試發現,本研究之互動式虛擬儀器教學只需花傳統教學四分之ㄧ時間,上課內容尚能同步錄製成教學影片,提供學生於課餘之暇重覆觀看、操作,可自我營造舒適環境,在無學習責難及損毀儀器等壓力下,因減少學習阻礙且能反覆操作,達到技術熟練甚而考取證照等成就感,更加強其學習意願;授課教師亦能因學生之學習時間、地點均不受限制且能克服測量課程受天候影響困境下,使教學時間更具彈性。


This study primarily focuses on benefit evaluation of teaching in measurement programs using virtual reality. Through the research and development of virtual reality teaching system as a teaching aid, the objectives were to provide students with a means for self-teaching, reduce obstacles to learning and enhance learning efficiency. Furthermore, it also aimed to increase the teaching efficiency of teachers.
Apart from questionnaires and interviews with teachers, this research collected extensive information on the comprehensive needs including functions, operations and self-teaching by assessing practical teaching. To order to refine the research method, the researchers adopted a guidance program using a feedback mechanism.
This study was based on the development of the prototype virtual reality teaching system from 2006, when it was first tested in six classes from four faculties in vocational institutes. Of the students who were interviewed, 91% found this system helpful in learning measurement programs. In terms of the test results in simulation operations for practical subjects, 67% of the students achieved a score higher than 75. These evidences served as sufficient proof of the early results of this study.
Through the feedback mechanism in of the digital teaching system during the teaching process, and the research team’s continuous adjustments, the functional design of digital teaching system was significantly improved. In 2007, four classes from two general state-owned universities were tested with regard to teaching aids. Among the students interviewed, 95% found this system helpful in learning measurement programs and 69% of them achieved a test score higher than 75 in simulation operations for practical subjects. These results provided evidence for the existence of real efficacy in this study.
Through the assessment of practical teaching, this study found that virtual reality teaching would only take 25% of the traditional teaching time and that it was capable of simultaneously recording teaching video clips for students to be able to watch repeatedly and operate on after class, when students could create a comfortable environment for themselves and be free from the study burden and worries of damaging equipment. As a result, learning obstacles were reduced and the virtual reality system could be used repeatedly; and, students exhibited a higher willingness to study due to the sense of achievement from improved technical skills and obtaining licenses. Teachers were able to make teaching times more flexible for two reasons: the time and place of study was not restricted under this system, and because the difficulties caused by weather conditions on measurement programs were overcome.

目 錄 中文摘要 I ABSTRACT III 誌 謝 VI 目 錄 VIII 圖目錄 X 表目錄 XI 第一章 緒論 12 1.1研究動機 12 1.2研究目的 14 1.3研究範圍 16 1.4研究方法與流程 18 第二章 文獻回顧 21 2.1學習理論探討與應用 21 2.1.1鷹架式學習 21 2.1.2認知式學習 23 2.1.3學習理論之應用 24 2.2虛擬實境教學之回顧 25 2.2.1虛擬實境在工程教學之應用 25 2.2.2國內外虛擬實境應用於測量教學之回顧 26 2.2.3虛擬實境應用於測量教學之問題點 26 2.2.4虛擬實境應用於測量教學之新趨勢 27 2.3鷹架理論在測量課程的應用 28 第三章 互動式虛擬儀器測量教學系統研發 30 3.1互動式虛擬儀器教學系統之基本構想 30 3.2互動式虛擬儀器教學系統之需求界定 30 3.2.1 學習者需求 31 3.2.2 教學者需求 32 3.3互動式虛擬儀器教學系統之教學方式 37 3.4互動式虛擬儀器教學系統之上課內容 37 第四章 互動式虛擬儀器教學系統之效益評估 42 4.1問卷設計 42 4.1.1問卷題目的效度檢測 42 4.1.2問卷設計與探討議題說明 43 4.2問卷實施方式與問卷群體介紹 45 4.3問卷結果 46 4.3.1技職體系問卷結果 46 4.3.2一般大學體系問卷結果 54 4.3.3問卷結果歸納說明 61 4.3.4兩種教育體系的教學差異 62 4.4互動式虛擬儀器教學操作技能之成績表現 63 4.5互動式虛擬儀器教學的效益評估 73 4.6測試教師訪談彙整 75 4.6.1互動式虛擬儀器教學與傳統教學特質比較 75 4.6.2教師訪談建議彙整 78 第五章 結論與建議 80 5.1結論 80 5.1.1研究貢獻 81 5.1.2開發經驗分享 83 5.2建議 85 參考文獻 87 附錄一 專家效度意見表 91 附錄二 問卷內容 103 附錄三 測量術科模擬操作試題 111 附錄四 SAS分析數據 120 作者簡歷 126 著作 128 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程 20 圖2-1 測量課程教學策略演進與新趨勢 28 圖2-2 鷹架理論 29 圖3-1基本構想流程圖 31 圖3-2 互動式虛擬儀器教學軟體雛型之測區透視圖 35 圖3-3 互動式虛擬儀器教學軟體雛型之測區透視圖 35 圖3-4 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統機構圖〔29-33〕 36 圖3-5 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統內建教學單元 39 圖3-6 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統功能俯視圖 39 圖3-7 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作介面圖 41 圖4-1 技職學校前測主觀意識有幫助 49 圖4-2 技職學校前測主觀意識幫助百分比 49 圖4-3 技職學校後測主觀意識有幫助 52 圖4-4 技職學校後測主觀意識幫助百分比 52 圖4-5 一般大學前測主觀意識有幫助 56 圖4-6 一般大學前測主觀意識幫助百分比 56 圖4-7 一般大學後測主觀意識有幫助 59 圖4-8 一般大學後測主觀意識幫助百分比 59 圖4-9 高程計算原理示意圖 63 圖4-10 水準儀光線法 64 圖4-11 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統標尺讀數判讀訓練 64 圖4-12 經緯儀垂直角高程差觀測 65 圖4-13 水平角平面示意圖 65 圖4-14 閉合導線觀測 66 圖4-15 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作步驟一 67 圖4-16 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作步驟二 67 圖4-17 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作步驟三 68 圖4-18 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作步驟四 68 圖4-19 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作步驟五 69 圖4-20 測量互動式虛擬儀器教學系統操作步驟六 69 圖4-21 技職學校術科成績表現圖 70 圖4-22 技職學校術科成績分佈 70 圖4-23 一般大學術科成績表現圖 71 圖4-24 一般大學術科成績分佈 72 圖5-1 互動式虛擬儀器教學系統應用之效益評估模式 84 表目錄 表1-1 測量課程教學策略之特性比較 15 表4-1 技職問卷前後測結果比較 53 表4-2 一般大學問卷前後測結果比較 60 表4-3 受訪談教師背景 76 表4-4 互動式虛擬儀器教學與傳統教學特性之比較 77

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