居家照護之敷料產品於近期蓬勃發展，目的為增加患者自行更換敷料的便利性與降低醫療成本。雖然目前市售傷口敷料種類繁多，但材質多半為人工合成且無抗菌及抗發炎之成分添加，雖也已有天然材料，如膠原蛋白、甲殼素、海藻酸鈉等材料敷料的使用與開發，但此些天然高分子仍有一些弊病，如機械強度不佳與潛藏病原菌感染的風險。本研究擬開發全天然多孔性泡綿傷口敷料，利用人類歷史上使用已久的純天然蠶絲蛋白作為本研究的基材，並添加具有抗菌及抗發炎功效之茶樹精油(Tea Tree Oil)以及具有抗發炎功效之天麻(Gastrodia elata)製備出兩種含藥泡綿，評估其對於促進傷口癒合完成性的成效。研究包含材料特性、孔隙率量測、細胞毒性測試、抗發炎能力測試、回滲率測試、體外藥物釋放以及活體過敏與刺激性試驗、創傷動物模式之成效等試驗與評估。研究結果顯示，茶樹精油/蠶絲蛋白含藥泡綿及天麻/蠶絲蛋白含藥泡綿皆無細胞毒性且具有抗發炎能力，其中以TTO-SFP(2/1)及3 mL GE-SFP(2/1)之孔隙率最高，孔隙率分別為80%及66.7%，並與市售知名產品進行敷料回滲率測試比較，發現泡綿形式敷料較不織布纖維敷料有較好的含蓄能力，由糖尿病小鼠動物模式，驗證含藥泡綿敷料使傷口癒合與再上皮化完整度高。並經由活體過敏與刺激性試驗，顯示含藥泡綿敷料並未對皮膚產生刺激性，同時一系列功能性試驗也顯現其潛在應用於傷口敷料的潛力。

Silk fibroin protein (SFP), gastrodia elata (GE) and tea tree oil (TTO) are naturally derived and have been used throughout human history. This work develops an all-natural and highly porous sponge containing SFP and above herbal extract, as a dressing for wound management. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses and measurements of porosity by Archimedes method revealed a highly porous structure with porosity ranging from 40-80%, depending on the preparation condition. In vitro, cytotoxicity test of a series of GE-containing SFP (GE/SFP) and TTO-containing SFP (TTO/SFP) sponge dressings on 3T3 fibroblast cells showed 90-100% cell viability, which indicated that the produced all-natural dressings have no significant cytotoxicity toward skin cells. In another anti-inflammatory assay using the LPS-induced inflammatory Raw 264.7 macrophages model, the produced two dressings exhibited up to 70% and 90.1% of reduction in the formation of nitrite, in comparison to the untreated group. In vivo studies showed that all herbal extract-containing sponge dressings accelerated wound recovery and achieved full closure of the wound within 21 days and the histological analysis of regenerative skin tissues indicated that the produced sponge dressings enhance the generation of thicker, denser, and more abundant collagen fibers in the dermis layer in comparison to the positive and negative control group.

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