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研究生: 蔡宗旂
Tsung-Chi Tsai
論文名稱: 3D雷射掃描在歷史建築數位模型之建構與應用--以長福巖三峽祖師廟為例
The Construction of Digital Models and application for Historical Buildings by 3D Laser Scanner -- the Sansha Temple Example --
指導教授: 施乃中
Naai-Jung Shih
口試委員: 林慶元
Ching-Yuan Lin
王惠君
Huey-Jiun Wang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 設計學院 - 建築系
Department of Architecture
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 139
中文關鍵詞: 3D雷射掃描歷史建築物數位化保存逆向工程
外文關鍵詞: 3D laser scan, historical building, digital preservation, reverse engineering
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本研究目的在利用3D雷射掃描器將歷史建築做數位化之保存,以長福巖三峽祖師廟為例,利用長距離雷射掃描器HDS3000紀錄歷史建築外觀及量體;細部雷射掃描器OptiX400紀錄建築細部構件與裝飾,並利用逆向工程相關技術,進行後續資料處理與應用,其目的在建立歷史建築物數位保存之標準作業程序,並將將各式2D、3D資料形式利用網路技術呈現,並建立細部構件搜尋系統資料庫,以利使用者應用。
本研究主要成果包括三峽祖師廟之正殿、三川殿、東西廂、鐘鼓樓、月台、丹墀等區域,細部構件掃描將每種構件挑選最具代表性的主題進行細部構件掃描,總計挑選35個代表性的構件,應用Octree Author獨特的3D模型演算技術進行網頁呈現與資料庫製作,並與傳統測繪資料進行比對,分析其誤差原因,對於歷史建物的現況保存與後續研究的基礎資料,有相當大的助益。


The purpose of this study is to conserve historical buildings with 3D laser scanners. Take Sansha Temple for example. A long-range 3D laser scanner HDS3000 is applied to record the exterior of buildings, a detail 3D laser scanner OptiX400 is applied to record the detailed components and decorations, and reverse engineering is used to process and apply the data. The purposes are to establish the standard procedure of digital conservation for historical buildings, display 2D and 3D type of data with Internet technique, and to build a detailed component searching database system for users to exploit.
The main research outcomes include main hall、gate hall、side houses、bell tower、drum tower,and platform.The most representative theme from each component will be picked to scan for details. There are 35 representative components picked in total.A unique 3D model perform mathematical calculations technology of Octree Author is applied to the homepages display, database making, and to match with traditional survey data to analyze the errors. This research will be helpful for historical building conservation and the further researches.

中文摘要 I Abstract II 謝誌 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 XII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1前言 1 1-2 研究目的 2 1-3 預期目標 2 1-4 研究相關用語定義 2 1-5 研究架構與流程 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2-1文化資產保存 5 2-1.1文化資產定義 5 2-1.2三峽祖師廟 5 2-2文化資產保存方法 6 2-2.1 傳統保存方法 7 2-2.2 數位化保存 7 2-3 3D模型建製方法 8 2-3.1 電腦模擬 8 2-3.2 照相測量法(photogrammetric measuring) 9 2-3.3 3D雷射掃描 11 2-3.4 3D雷射掃描應用案例分析 11 2-4 3D雷射掃描器 17 2-4.1 長距離3D雷射掃描器屬性 17 2-4.2 近距離細部3D雷射掃描器屬性 19 第三章 3D雷射掃描操作流程 20 3-1掃描範圍 20 3-2掃描前置作業 21 3-3掃描進行作業 22 3-4掃描點設立 28 3-4.1鄰房制高點規劃 28 3-4.2角度 31 3-5參考點之設立 31 3-5.1 參考點種類 32 3-5.2參考點位置 33 3-6後續資料處理作業 33 3-7 細部掃描規劃 37 3-7.1 OptiX400掃描器介紹 37 3-7.2 OptiX400掃描器操作流程 38 3-7.3 OptiX400掃描器限制 40 第四章 形體建構與檔案量限制 47 4-1 外觀掃描資料處理 48 4-1.1點雲匯出流程 48 4-1.2 Geomagic Studio 逆向工程面生成流程 52 4-1.3 Octree轉檔流程 56 4-1.4資料量及顯示效果比對 59 4-2 細部掃描資料處理 67 4-2.1 檔案量限制 71 4-2.2 .obj與.pmjx檔案格式結合結果比較 77 4-2.3 .obj格式匯入Octree遭遇之問題 78 4-3 D Sculptor影像3D成形軟體 80 4-3.1定位點(Marker Pattern) 80 4-3.2取得適合的影像 80 4-3.3 D Sculptor 模型建構流程 81 4-3.4複合式遮罩處理 86 4-3.5 D Sculptor 建模方式的優點 87 4-3.6 D Sculptor 建模方式遭遇的問題 87 4-4 小結 87 第五章 形體資料應用與呈現 90 5-1 資料庫管理系統 90 5-2 網頁呈現 90 5-3 3D雷射掃描與傳統測繪比較 92 5-3.1立面圖比對 92 5-3.2剖面圖比對 95 5-3.3剖立面的比對 96 5-3.4 誤差值原因探討 98 5-4 3D立體模型輸出 99 5-5 線檔圖建置 101 5-5.1 3D線檔圖建置 101 5-5.2 2D線檔圖建置 102 第六章 結論與後續研究 103 6-1 研究結論 103 6-2研究限制 104 6-3 後續研究與建議 105 參考文獻 107 附錄A 掃描點分布圖 110 附錄B 外觀點雲接合紀錄 116 附錄C 細部構件掃描紀錄 118 附錄D 細部構件顯示效果 126 附錄E 平立剖面比對圖 130 附錄F 細部構件線檔圖建構 137

中文書目
1. 王慶臺,三峽雕刻藝術欣賞—李梅樹與三峽祖師廟一世情,李梅樹紀念館,2005
2. 吳敏漳,3D雷射掃描在施工進度及流程紀錄上之應用,碩士論文,國立台灣科技大學,2003
3. 林志浩;黃憲國;郭正廷,三峽祖師廟之研究,中國市政建築專科學校建築學會,1983。
4. 林承陽,3D雷射掃描在歷史建築數位模型之建構—以台北市大龍洞保安宮為例,碩士論文,國立台灣科技大學,2004
5. 孫國慶,STRATASYS FDM 辦公室型工程材料快速原型系統Insight進階STL切層處理軟體使用手冊,普立得科技有限公司,2006
6. 傅秉綱,三維建物模型表面影像敷貼自動化之研究,碩士論文,國立成功大學,2002
7. 黃森田,3D雷射掃描在施工過程數位紀錄上之應用,碩士論文,國立台灣科技大學,2003
8. 黃斌;徐明福;張嘉祥;蔡明哲,國立文化資產保存中心籌備處:古蹟建築大木構造修護技術原則性問題之探討,P5-P12、台南,1998
9. 廖才詠,3D雷射掃描在歷史建築數位管理系統之應用--以台北市大龍峒保安宮為例,碩士論文,國立台灣科技大學,2004
10. 蘇振明,人親土親—李梅樹百年紀念特展專輯,國立故宮博物院、李梅樹文教基金會共同發行,2001

外文書目
1. Amato L.; Antonucci G.; Belnato B.,“The three dimensional laser scanner system: The new frontier for surveying. Case history: The leaning tower of PISA (ITALY), The ancient theatre of TAORMINA (ITALY), The prehistoric site of NOLA(NAPLES-ITALY)”, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XXXIV, Part 5/W12,2003
2. Amorim;Arivaldo L.; Chudak D.,“Digital Historic Heritage: documenting of Pelourinho, Salvador - Bahia, Brazil, with 3D laser scanning technology”, In proceedings of the SIGraDi 2005 “Fabrication:9th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics” 21-24 nov., Lima. vol. 2, pp. 673-678,2005
3. Cheng X.J.& Jin W.,“Study on Reverse Engineering of Historical Architecture Based on 3D Laser Scanner”,In proceedings of ISIST2006, 9-12 agu, Harbin. Conference Series vol.48, pp.843–849,2006
4. Debevec P. E.,“Modeling and Rendering Architecture from Photographs”, University of California at Berkeley,1996
5. Fujiwara H.; Nakagawa M.; Shibasaki R.,“Automated texture mapping for 3D modeling of objects with complex shapes --- a case study of archaeological ruins”,Center For Spatial Information Science,University Of Tokyo,2004
6. Guarnieri A.;Remondino F.;Vettore A.,“Digital photogrammetry and TLS data fusion applied to Cultural Heritage 3D modeling”, International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XXXVI, part 5,2006
7. Hadjri; Karim ,“Experimenting with 3D Digitization of Architectural Physical Models using Laser Scanning Technology”, International Journal of Architectural Computing vol.4-no.2,pp.67-80,2006
8. Hefer M. , “Feature: 3D Laser Scanning a Car Helps the Environment”, Professional Surveyor October 2006 Vol. 26 (10) , http://www.profsurv.com/archive.php, 2006
9. Jacobs G., “ High Definition Scanning: Forensic and Damage Assessment Surveys”, Professional Surveyor November 2005Vol.25 (11), http://www.profsurv.com/archive.php,2005
10. Jacobs G., “High Definition Scanning—Laser Scanning: Let Your Scanner Do the Walking…and the Note-taking”,Professional Surveyor Auguest 2005 Vol.25(8), http://www.profsurv.com/archive.php, 2005
11. Jacobs G.,“High Definition Surveying—3D Laser Scanning: Registration and Geo-referencing”, Professional Surveyor July 2005 Vol. 25 (7), http://www.profsurv.com/archive.php,2005
12. Lawson R.,“Feature: Laser Scanning Hits the Road Running”, Professional Surveyor February 2007 Vol.27(2), http://www.profsurv.com/archive.php, 2007
13. Optix 400 Color on field calibration,3D Digital Corp., 2006
14. Remondino F.; Guarnieri A.; Vettore A.,“ 3D Modeling of close-range objects: photogrammetry or laser scanning?”,Proc. of Videometrics VIII - Beraldin, El-Hakim, Gruen, Walton (Eds), SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging,Vol.5665, pp. 216-225,2005
15. Shadel B. & Vu P.,“3D laser scanner survey aids design of Rinconda Water Treatment Plant”.APWA Reporter. September: 75-76, 2002
16. Sternberg H.,“Deformation Measurements at Historical Buildings With Terrestrial Laser scanners”,IAPRS Volume XXXVI, Part 5, Dresden 25-27, pp.303-308, Sep.2006
17. Yamada O.; Takase Y.; Shimoda I.; Nakagawa T.,“Significance of Digital Reconstruction of Historic Bulding Using 3D Laser Scannr Case Study:Prasat Suor Prat N1 Tower, Angkor, Cambodia”, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XXXIV, Part 5/W12,2003
中文網頁
1. 三峽祖師廟建築藝術之美, http://home.educities.edu.tw/kjt/sansha/, 2006
2. 三鶯地區 史料、古蹟、文物、藝術 數位化輔助教材設計, http://szt3d.ntpu.edu.tw/, 2006
3. 三鶯地區、史料、古蹟、文物、藝術數位化輔助教材設計, http://szt3d.ntpu.edu.tw/, 2006
4. 內政部民政司, http://www.moi.gov.tw/dca/renovation02.asp, 2007
5. 全國法規資料庫, http://law.moj.gov.tw/, 2006
6. 英美日法文化資產保存法規與制度簡介, http://www.cca.gov.tw/law/eajflaw2.htm, 2006
7. 國立文化資產保存中心籌備處, http://www.ncrpcp.gov.tw/site_ch/003.asp,2006
8. 普立得科技, http://www.3dprinting.com.tw/product.html#top, 2007
9. 數位典藏國家型科技計畫--技術彙編電子書, http://www2.ndap.org.tw/eBook/showContent.php, 2004

外文網頁
1. D Sculptor, http://www.d-vw.com/dsculptor/about/about_d_sculptor.htm, 2006
2. Flipcode, http://www.flipcode.com/articles/article_introtooctrees.shtml,2006
3. Geomagic Studio, http://www.geomagic.com/zh/products/studio/, 2006
4. Google map, http://maps.google.com/, 2006
5. HDS-Leica HDS 3000, http://www.leica-geosystems.com/hds/en/lgs_5574.htm, 2006
6. Inspeck, http://www.inspeck.com/, 2006
7. OptiX, http://www.asco.jp/3d-scanner/optix.html, 2006
8. PROFESSIONAL SURVEYOR MAGAZINE, http://www.profsurv.com/index.php, 2006
9. Sample 3D, http://www.simple3d.com/laserscanners.html,2006
10. Sanahia Temple the bird Temple, http://www.birdingintaiwan.com/gallery/sanshia/index.html, 2006
11. Stratasys , http://www.stratasys.com/customerpw/techweb/prodigy_plus.htm, 2006
12. Surphaser 3D scanner, http://www.surphaser.com/, 2006

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