本研究係使用縱波與橫波超音波監測技術，檢測三種水灰比(0.3、0.4及0.5)之水泥漿體、三種水灰比(0.4、0.5及0.6)之排煙脫硫(flue gas desulfurization, FGD)石膏混合漿體及三種水固比(0.3、0.4及0.5)之鹼激發材料(alkali-activated material, AAM)漿體的新拌漿體凝結變化與硬固性質，藉由超音波波速變化及維卡針凝結時間試驗，計算出材料重要參數，並探討維卡針初終凝儀器是否適用於非水泥基漿體。
研究結果發現：(1)水泥、FGD石膏混合及鹼激發材料漿體之凝結時間皆隨含水量上升而延長，水泥漿體水灰比由0.5降低至0.3時，凝結時間快約1.78倍；FGD石膏混合漿體水灰比由0.6降低至0.4時，凝結時間快約1.12至1.29倍；鹼激發材料水固比由0.5降低至0.3時，凝結時間分別快約3.29至3.44倍；(2)超音波縱波及橫波波速皆隨漿體含水量上升而下降，水泥漿體水灰比由0.5降低至0.3時，新拌1200分鐘及28天齡期超音波波速分別提升約40%及25%；FGD石膏混合漿體水灰比由0.6降低至0.4時，新拌1200分鐘及28天齡期超音波波速分別提升約9%及10%；鹼激發材料漿體水固比由0.5降低至0.3時，新拌1200分鐘及28天齡期超音波波速分別提升約30%及17%；(3)運用超音波波速量測技術可監測材料於動態彈性模數及卜松比變化；(4)不同水灰(固)比水泥及FGD石膏混合漿體之凝結時間與縱波波速有相關性，但與鹼激發材料漿體相關性不高；(5)水泥、FGD石膏混合及鹼激發材料漿體抗壓強度與計算動態彈性模數呈指數迴歸關係，R2分別為0.762177、0.69978及0.886494。

In this study, the longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic pulse velocity techniques are used to monitor the fresh setting and hardening properties of cement paste with 3 different water-to-cement ratios of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 and FGD gypsum paste with 3 different water-to-powder ratios of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 and alkali-activated material (AAM) paste with 3 different water-to-solid ratios of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The important parameters of material are calculated through the changes of ultrasonic pulse velocities and the Vicat needle setting test. Vicat needle setting test is investigated whether it is suitable for non-cement-based paste.
The research results show that: (1) The setting time of cement paste, FGD gypsum paste and alkali-activated material paste are increased with the increase of water content. For cement paste specimens, the decrease of water-to-cement ratio from 0.5 to 0.3 accelerates the setting time for about 1.78 times faster. For FGD gypsum paste specimens, the decrease of water-to-powder ratio from 0.6 to 0.4 accelerates the setting time for about 1.12-1.29 times faster. For AAM paste specimen, the decrease of water-to-solid ratio from 0.5 to 0.3 accelerates the setting time for about 3.29-3.44 times faster; (2) Longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic velocities are decreased with the increase of water content. For cement paste specimens, the decrease of water-to-cement ratio from 0.5 to 0.3 increases UPV results for 40% and 25% for 1200 minutes fresh paste and 28-day hardened paste, respectively. For FGD gypsum paste specimens, the decrease of water-to-powder ratio from 0.6 to 0.4 increases UPV results for 9% and 10% for 1200 minutes fresh paste and 28-day hardened paste, respectively. For AAM paste specimens, the decrease of water-to-solid ratio from 0.5 to 0.3 increases UPV results for 30% and 17% for 1200 minutes fresh paste and 28-day hardened paste, respectively.; (3) The application of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement technology can be used to monitor the changes of important material parameters like Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio; (4) The setting times of cement paste and FGD gypsum paste are apparently related to the longitudinal wave velocity, while such corrllation for alkali-activated material paste is insignificant; (5) The compressive strength of cement paste, FGD gypsum paste and AAM paste are exponentially related to the calculated elastic modulus with the value of R2 are 0.762177, 0.69978 and 0.886494, respectively.

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