第一部分：由硫酸軟骨素及幾丁聚醣季銨鹽組成之帶正或負電荷奈米粒子用於蛋白質的運輸
幾丁聚醣 (chitosan, CS) 及硫酸軟骨素 (ChS) 均具有良好的生物相容性，CS 更具有黏膜吸附性，並且有短暫打開上皮細胞間緊密接合點的能力，但僅溶於弱酸性溶液中，而限制其應用範圍，為克服此點，我們改用幾丁聚醣季銨鹽衍生物 TMC (trimethyl chitosan)及HTCC (N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride) 與 ChS 製備奈米粒子載體。結果發現，(+)/(–)-ChS-TMCs 及 (+)/(–)-ChS-HTCCs 奈米粒子均可被細胞攝入。

第二部分：帶正電荷並覆蓋幾丁聚醣季銨鹽衍生物的奈米金粒之合成，細胞毒性及癌細胞吞噬效能研究
利用綠色合成法，在室溫下，製備出含奈米金的幾丁聚醣季銨鹽衍生物奈米粒子。在此，幾丁聚醣季銨鹽衍生物為 HTCC、Fol-HTCC (folate-conjugated HTCC)、Gal-HTCC (galactosyl-conjugated HTCC)。以幾丁聚醣季銨鹽衍生物作為穩定劑，葡萄糖為還原劑，氫氧化鈉為催化劑，在室溫下，水溶液中，將四氯化金的金離子還原成各種帶正電荷的金奈米粒子，並研究了葡萄糖、氫氧化鈉和HTCC濃度對 HTCC-Au 奈米粒子之粒徑、電位和穩定性之影響。且在細胞週期實驗中顯示此 HTCCs-Au 奈米粒子對人臍靜脈內皮細胞均未有毒性。在流式細胞儀實驗結果，具有葉酸取代基的 金奈米粒子在 Caco-2、HepG2 和 Hela 癌細胞中被攝入的程度都比沒有葉酸取代基的金奈米粒子更大；但是具有半乳糖取代基的金奈米粒子僅在 HepG2 癌細胞中被攝入的程度較高。

Part 1: Positively and negatively surface-charged nanoparticles assembled from chondroitin sulfate and quaternary chitosan as protein carrier
Chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) had good biocompatibility. CS had biological properties such as muco-adhesive, and more short-term ability to open between epithelial tight junctions. But only soluble in weak acid solution, and limited its application. In order to overcome this point, we switched to alkyl quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan derivatives, TMC (trimethyl chitosan) and HTCC (N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride), and prepared ChS nanoparticles (NPs) carriers. The results showed that, (+)/(–)-ChS-TMCs and (+)/(–)-ChS-HTCCs NPs were taken up by human cell.

Part 2: Positively charged gold nanoparticles capped with quaternary chitosan derivatives: synthesis, cytotoxicity and cancer cells uptake efficacy studies
Further use of green synthesis method at room temperature to prepare HTCCs-Au NPs. Here, the HTCCs were HTCC, Fol-HTCC (folate-conjugated HTCC) and Gal-HTCC (galactosyl-conjugated HTCC). The HTCCs were used as a stabilizer, glucose was used as a reducing agent, and NaOH was used as a catalyst. The gold ions of gold tetrachloride were reduced to various positively charged gold NPs at room temperature in an aqueous solution. We studied the effects of glucose, NaOH and HTCC concentrations on the particle size, zeta potential and stability of HTCC-Au NPs. Furthermore, in cell cycle experiments, the HTCCs-Au NPs were not toxic to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. As a result of flow cytometry experiments, Fol-HTCC-Au NPs were uptake to a greater extent in Caco-2, HepG2, and HeLa cancer cells than HTCC-Au NPs. However, Gal-HTCC-Au NPs were only highly uptake in HepG2 cancer cells.

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