本研究以橫向超音波技術，檢測三種水灰比(0.25、0.3及0.4)與二種水泥種類(波特蘭一型水泥與高鋁水泥)的漿體新拌性質，藉由脈衝式橫向超音波檢測與維卡針針入度實驗，配合訊號處理最佳化程序，建立橫向反射性質與凝結特性關係，可應用此一簡便之超音波監測技術，評估混凝土構造物之拆模時間，提升施工品質與修護效能。本研究結果顯示：(1).隨著新拌水泥漿硬固，所有水灰比與水泥種類，進入水泥漿體的橫波透射量逐漸增大，使得反射波能量減小，前四個反射波(R1、R2、R3、R4)振幅值與反射比均隨時間增加呈現減少趨勢；(2).水灰比0.25至0.4之波特蘭水泥漿，初凝之第一至第四振幅值分別升高102%、80%、60%與19%，終凝之第一至第四振幅值分別升高140%、124%、98%與47%；(3).第三反射比曲線均有兩個下降停頓區，可用以判釋新拌水泥漿之初凝與終凝狀態；(4).據支持向量機凝結狀態分析，單一因子(R2/R1)之正確率與其它多因子組合結果相當，即僅擷取前2個反射波，進行訊號處理最佳化與反射性質判
釋，獲得相當可靠的凝結狀態分析結果，大幅降低訊號處理工作量，
並有效的提升判釋效率。

In this research, shear ultrasonic reflection technique is conduced to monitor setting properties in fresh cement pates with 3 different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.4, and 2 cement types, Portland cement type I and aluminate cement. The relations between shear ultrasonic refection characteristics and setting properties are established by using pulse-echo overlap method and Vicat needle penetration test through signal processing optimization. In future, such an ultrasonic monitoring technique can conveniently evaluate the key time for form removal in reinforced concrete structures in order to improve the construction quality and retrofitting efficiency. Four conclusions can be drawn as the following. (1). During the setting period of fresh cement pastes, the reflection values of shear ultrasonic waves decrease due to more transmission into hardening pastes. The reflection peak amplitude and reflection ratios of the first 4 reflected shear waves (R1, R2, R3, and R4) decrease as setting time increases for all w/c ratios and cement types. (2). The reflection peak amplitudes of the first 4 reflected shear waves at initial setting rise 102%, 80%, 60%, and 19%, respectively, for w/c ratios various from 0.25 to 0.4. The reflection peak amplitudes of the first 4 reflected shear waves at finial setting rise 140%, 124%, 98%, and 47%, respectively, as well. (3). Two pause terrains corresponding to initial and final setting points are found on the decreasing third reflection ratio curves. This characteristic can be regarded as a good identification index to evaluate setting state in fresh pastes. (4). Setting state analysis with support vector machine based on single factor (R2/R1) has a similar accuracy to the results based on multiple factors. Therefore, using the signal information of the first two reflected shear waves (R1 and R2) provides reliable results on identifying the setting state in fresh pastes. A significant decrease of workload on signal processing is expected as using shear ultrasonic reflection technique monitoring the setting properties in fresh cement pastes.

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