在現今疫情時代，同時伴隨著社會變遷與科技快速的發展，工作環境中充滿突如其來的挑戰與機會，為求突破困境與抓住機會，使的員工在資源有限的狀況下，更常以隨創的行為來應對，同時也因為這多變的工作環境，與組織表現有密切關係的情緒與韌性，也是當前許多企業關注的事情之一。
本研究以社會資訊處理理論之基礎，並以台科大修習Case Studies in Human Resource Management課程之學生為研究對象，探討個人隨創與正向情緒、負向情緒及韌性之間的關係；個人感知之團隊隨創為調節變項，探討其是否會對個人隨創與正向情緒、負向情緒及韌性產生干擾作用。本研究以實驗法與問卷調查進行，最終回收61份有效問卷，並透過驗證式因素分析、相關分析、成對樣本T檢定與迴歸分析等進行資料分析。
實證結果顯示：（1）個人隨創對正向情緒有正向影響；（2）個人隨創對負向情緒不具有負向影響；（3）個人隨創對韌性有正向影響；（4）個人感知之團隊隨創對個人隨創與正向情緒、負向情緒及韌性之關係，皆不會產生調節作用。
而本研究根據分析結果提出的理論貢獻與管理意涵包含：（1）以準實驗法檢測隨創帶來的效果；（2）以社會資訊的角度探討隨創帶來的影響；（3）可調控員工隨創之行為，透過情緒與韌性的影響，為員工與組織帶來正向結果。

In this epidemic era, as we face a society with rapid development of technology, there are lots of opportunities and challenges appearing suddenly in the work environment. In order to overcome these difficulties and grab the opportunities, employees with limited resources do bricolage more often than before. Besides, because of this complex work environment, emotions and resilience which are related to organizational performance also become a concerning issue in organizations.
Based on social information processing theory, this study hired the students taking Case Studies in Human Resource Management in National Taiwan University of Science and Technology as research subject to examined the relationship between personal bricolage, positive emotions, negative emotions and resilience, and also took personal perception of team bricolage as moderator. This study was conducted by experimentation method and questionnaire survey. A total of 61 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, paired sample t test and regression analysis.
The empirical results showed that (1) personal bricolage had a positive effect on positive emotions, (2) personal bricolage did not affect negative emotions, (3) personal bricolage had a positive effect on resilience, (4) personal perception of team bricolage did not moderate the relationship between personal bricolage, positive emotions, negative emotions and resilience.
The implications of this study include (1) using experimentation method to examine the effect of bricolage, (2) examining the effect of bricolage base on social information processing theory, (3) showing that arranging works or activities related to bricolage helps managers increase employees’ positive emotions and resilience, and bring positive outcomes to organization management.

Allen, K., Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W. B. (2002). Cardiovascular reactivity and the presence of pets, friends, and spouses: The truth about cats and dogs. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(5), 727-739.
Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative science quarterly, 50(3), 329-366.
Barrett, L. F., & Russell, J. A. (1999). The structure of current affect: Controversies and emerging consensus. Current directions in psychological science, 8(1), 10-14.
Basch, J., & Fisher, C. D. (1998). Affective events-emotions matrix: A classification of work events and associated emotions. Bond University.
Bolger, N., & Amarel, D. (2007). Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress: experimental evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(3), 458.
Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. Academic Press.
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Affect in the workplace. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 279-307.
Burns, E., Poikkeus, A. M., & Aro, M. (2013). Resilience strategies employed by teachers with dyslexia working at tertiary education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 34, 77-85.
Carver, C. S. (1998). Resilience and thriving: Issues, models, and linkages. Journal of social issues, 54(2), 245-266.
Chen, S., Westman, M., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2015). The commerce and crossover of resources: Resource conservation in the service of resilience. Stress and Health, 31(2), 95-105.
Chi, N.-W., Grandey, A. A., Diamond, J. A., & Krimmel, K. R. (2011). Want a tip? Service performance as a function of emotion regulation and extraversion. Journal of applied psychology, 96(6), 1337.
Clobert, M., Van Cappellen, P., Bourdon, M., & Cohen, A. B. (2016). Good day for Leos: Horoscope's influence on perception, cognitive performances, and creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 348-355.
Cook, T. D., Campbell, D. T., & Shadish, W. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin Boston, MA.
Crane, M. F., & Searle, B. J. (2016). Building resilience through exposure to stressors: The effects of challenges versus hindrances. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(4), 468.
Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1241.
Davis, W. D., Dibrell, C., Craig, J. B., & Green, J. (2013). The effects of goal orientation and client feedback on the adaptive behaviors of family enterprise advisors. Family Business Review, 26(3), 215-234.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of applied psychology, 86(3), 499.
Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Stress, resilience and leisure coping among university students: applying the broaden-and-build theory. Leisure Studies, 36(6), 852-865.
DeVellis, R. F. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications. Sage Publications, Inc.
Emmons, R. A., & Kaiser, H. A. (1996). Goal orientation and emotional well-being: Linking goals and affect through the self. In L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.), Striving and feeling: Interactions among goals, affect, and self-regulation (pp. 79–98). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations, 7(2), 117-140.
Fisher, D. M., Ragsdale, J. M., & Fisher, E. C. (2019). The importance of definitional and temporal issues in the study of resilience. Applied Psychology, 68(4), 583-620.
Fleming, R., Baum, A., Gisriel, M. M., & Gatchel, R. J. (1982). Mediating influences of social support on stress at Three Mile Island. Journal of Human stress, 8(3), 14-23.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Gruen, R. J., & DeLongis, A. (1986). Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(3), 571.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of general psychology, 2(3), 300-319.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American psychologist, 56(3), 218.
Frijda, N. H. (1988). The Laws of Emotion. American psychologist.
George, J. M. (2011). Dual tuning: A minimum condition for understanding affect in organizations? Organizational Psychology Review, 1(2), 147-164.
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2007). Dual tuning in a supportive context: Joint contributions of positive mood, negative mood, and supervisory behaviors to employee creativity. Academy of management journal, 50(3), 605-622.
Guo, Y. F., Cross, W., Plummer, V., Lam, L., Luo, Y. H., & Zhang, J. P. (2017). Exploring resilience in Chinese nurses: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 25(3), 223-230.
Gurung, R., Sarason, B., & Sarason, I. (1997). Close personal relationships and health outcomes: A key to the role of social support. Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (2nd ed) Chichester, UK: Wiley, 547-573.
Hartmann, S., Weiss, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2020). Resilience in the workplace: A multilevel review and synthesis. Applied Psychology, 69(3), 913-959.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of general psychology, 6(4), 307-324.
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Hu, X., & Kaplan, S. (2015). Is “feeling good” good enough? Differentiating discrete positive emotions at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 39-58.
Huang, Q., Xing, Y., & Gamble, J. (2019). Job demands–resources: A gender perspective on employee well-being and resilience in retail stores in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(8), 1323-1341.
Huo, M. L., & Boxall, P. (2022). Do workers respond differently to learning from supervisors and colleagues? A study of job resources, learning sources and employee wellbeing in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(4), 742-762.
Jensen, P. M., Trollope-Kumar, K., Waters, H., & Everson, J. (2008). Building physician resilience. Canadian Family Physician, 54(5), 722-729.
Jung, H. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2015). The impact of employees’ positive psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 44(3), 513-524.
Ke, G. N., Grajfoner, D., Wong, R. M. M., Carter, S., Khairudin, R., Lau, W. Y., Kamal, K. A., & Lee, S. C. (2022). Building the Positive Emotion-Resilience-Coping Efficacy Model for COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 764811.
Kiefer, T. (2005). Feeling bad: Antecedents and consequences of negative emotions in ongoing change. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(8), 875-897.
Kossek, E. E., & Perrigino, M. B. (2016). Resilience: A review using a grounded integrated occupational approach. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 00-00.
Kuntz, J., Connell, P., & Naswall, K. (2017). Workplace resources and employee resilience: the role of regulatory profiles. Career Development International, 22(4), 419-435.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1966). The savage mind, Chicago (The University of Chicago Press) 1966.
Lamb, D., & Cogan, N. (2016). Coping with work-related stressors and building resilience in mental health workers: Acomparative focus group study using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(3), 474-492.
Langevang, T., & Namatovu, R. (2019). Social bricolage in the aftermath of war. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(9-10), 785-805.
Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual review of psychology, 44(1), 1-22.
Lee, J. Y., Rocco, T. S., & Shuck, B. (2020). What Is a Resource: Toward a Taxonomy of Resources for Employee Engagement. Human Resource Development Review, 19(1), 5-38.
Li, M., Jiang, X., & Ren, Y. (2017). Mediator effects of positive emotions on social support and depression among adolescents suffering from mobile phone addiction. Psychiatria Danubina, 29(2), 207-213.
Lin, N., Ye, X., & Ensel, W. M. (1999). Social support and depressed mood: A structural analysis. Journal of Health and Social behavior, 344-359.
Liu, X. Y., Chi, N. W., & Gremler, D. D. (2019). Emotion Cycles in Services: Emotional Contagion and Emotional Labor Effects. Journal of Service Research, 22(3), 285-300.
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(6), 695-706.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
Lvi-Strauss, C. (1966). The savage mind. University of Chicago Press.
Lyons, S. T., Schweitzer, L., & Ng, E. S. (2015). Resilience in the modern career. Career Development International.
Maalaoui, A., Le Loarne-Lemaire, S., & Razgallah, M. (2020). Does knowledge management explain the poor growth of social enterprises? Key insights from a systematic literature review on knowledge management and social entrepreneurship. Journal of Knowledge Management.
Martinez-Corts, I., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Boz, M. (2015). Spillover of interpersonal conflicts from work into nonwork: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(3), 326.
McLarnon, M. J., & Rothstein, M. G. (2013). Development and initial validation of the Workplace Resilience Inventory. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12(2), 63.
Moenkemeyer, G., Hoegl, M., & Weiss, M. (2012). Innovator resilience potential: A process perspective of individual resilience as influenced by innovation project termination. Human relations, 65(5), 627-655.
Nair, A., Trendowski, J., & Judge, W. (2008). The theory of the growth of the firm, by Edith T. Penrose. Oxford: Blackwell, 1959. In: Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY.
Norenzayan, A., & Nisbett, R. E. (2000). Culture and causal cognition. Current directions in psychological science, 9(4), 132-135.
Parrott, W. G. (2002). The functional utility of negative emotions. In L. F. Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), The wisdom in feeling: Psychological processes in emotional intelligence (pp. 341–359). The Guilford Press.
Ronen, T., & Seeman, A. (2007). Subjective well being of adolescents in boarding schools under threat of war. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 20(6), 1053-1062.
Rosenbaum, M., & Ronen, T. (2013). Emotional well-being and self-control skills of children and adolescents: The Israeli perspective. In Mental well-being (pp. 209-229). Springer.
Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological review, 110(1), 145.
Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Administrative science quarterly, 224-253.
Scott, W. D., & Cervone, D. (2002). The impact of negative affect on performance standards: Evidence for an affect-as-information mechanism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(1), 19-37.
Senyard, J., Baker, T., & Davidsson, P. (2009). Entrepreneurial bricolage: Towards systematic empirical testing. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 29(5), 5.
Senyard, J., Baker, T., Steffens, P., & Davidsson, P. (2014). Bricolage as a path to innovativeness for resource‐constrained new firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(2), 211-230.
Shoss, M. K., Jiang, L., & Probst, T. M. (2018). Bending without breaking: A two-study examination of employee resilience in the face of job insecurity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(1), 112.
Siedlecki, K. L., Salthouse, T. A., Oishi, S., & Jeswani, S. (2014). The relationship between social support and subjective well-being across age. Social indicators research, 117(2), 561-576.
Simpson, M. R. (2010). Development and psychometric evaluation of the core nurse resource scale. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(8), 1048-1059.
Sinclair, V. G., & Wallston, K. A. (2004). The development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Assessment, 11(1), 94-101.
Smith, T. W., Ruiz, J. M., & Uchino, B. N. (2004). Mental activation of supportive ties, hostility, and cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress in young men and women. Health Psychology, 23(5), 476.
Stets, J. E. (2012). Current emotion research in sociology: Advances in the discipline. Emotion Review, 4(3), 326-334.
Sy, T., Côté, S., & Saavedra, R. (2005). The contagious leader: impact of the leader's mood on the mood of group members, group affective tone, and group processes. Journal of applied psychology, 90(2), 295.
Talat, A., & Riaz, Z. (2020). An integrated model of team resilience: exploring the roles of team sensemaking, team bricolage and task interdependence. Personnel Review.
Taylor, S. E. (2011). Social support: A review. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of health psychology (pp. 189–214). Oxford University Press.
Thompson, E. R. (2008). Development and validation of an International English Big-Five Mini-Markers. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(6), 542-548.
Todt, G., Weiss, M., & Hoegl, M. (2018). Mitigating negative side effects of innovation project terminations: The role of resilience and social support. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(4), 518-542.
Vogus, T. J., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Organizational resilience: towards a theory and research agenda. 2007 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics,
Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. Guilford Press.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological bulletin, 96(3), 465.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.
Wei, W., & Taormina, R. J. (2014). A new multidimensional measure of personal resilience and its use: Chinese nurse resilience, organizational socialization and career success. Nursing Inquiry, 21(4), 346-357.
Weick, K. E. (1977). "Enactment processes in organizations." In Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (eds.)
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory. Research in organizational behavior, 18(1), 1-74.
Wills, T. A. (1991). Social support and interpersonal relationships. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Prosocial behavior (pp. 265–289). Sage Publications, Inc.
Wilson, J. M., Weiss, A., & Shook, N. J. (2020). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109568.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). A diary study on the happy worker: How job resources relate to positive emotions and personal resources. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(4), 489-517.
Yang, Y., & Danes, S. M. (2015). Resiliency and resilience process of entrepreneurs in new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 5(1), 1-30.
紀乃文, 張火燦, & 黃仙麗. (2012). 工作場域中的情感雙歧: 探討服務人員情感雙歧與其服務品質及工作滿意度之關係. 人力資源管理學報, 12(1), 1-22.
黃紹慶. (2009). 好心有好報-組織公民行為的社會評價. 國立屏東科技大學企業管理系所碩士論文, 屏東縣.
鄧景宜, 曾旭民, 李怡禎, & 游朝舜. (2011). " International English Big-Five Mini-Markers" 之繁體中文版量表發展. 管理學報, 28(6), 579-615.
盧毓文. (2012). 情緒對類別學習之影響. 國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,台北市。
蕭瑞麟, 歐素華, & 陳蕙芬. (2014). 劣勢創新: 梵谷策展中的隨創行為. 中山管理評論, 22(2), 323-367.