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研究生： 黃立遠
Li-Yuan Huang
論文名稱： 飛灰基無機聚合物工程性質及應用之研究
Study on Mechanical Properties and Applications of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer
指導教授： 張大鵬
Ta-Peng Chang
口試委員: 楊仲家
Chung-Chia Yang
黃忠信
Jong-Shin Huang
黃然
Ran Huang
黃兆龍
Zhao-Long Huang
陳君弢
Chun-Tao Chen
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年： 2010
畢業學年度： 98
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 148
中文關鍵詞： 田口實驗設計法 、鹼性溶液 、飛灰 、無機聚合物 、養護溫度 、補強 、混凝土 、韌性指數 、固化 、重金屬 、毒性溶出試驗 、微觀結構
外文關鍵詞： Taguchi experimental design method, alkaline solution, fly ash, geopolymer, curing temperature, retrofit, concrete, toughness index, immobilization, heavy metal, TCLP, microstructure
相關次數： 點閱：364  下載：17 
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    • 本研究探討以氫氧化鈉溶液及矽酸鈉溶液（水玻璃）合成之鹼性溶液激發飛灰（主要矽鋁材料）配製成之無機聚合物的性質與應用。文中以田口實驗設計法探討不同鹼性溶液組成對於無機聚合物工程性質之影響，另透過高溫養護探討養護溫度與養護時間對於無機聚合物性質之影響；於無機聚合物應用方面，分別探討無機聚合物對於劣化混凝土構造補強之可行性及固化重金屬之潛能，以做為環保減廢綠色材料之開發依據。
    研究結果顯示：(1)依據實驗設計法中變異數分析結果顯示，矽酸鈉溶液用量對於無機聚合物之抗壓強度與動彈性模數屬非常顯著因子，對於各齡期飛灰基無機聚合物抗壓強度及動彈性模數的貢獻率分別為80.63~89.52%及62.26~72.71%。相較之下，氫氧化鈉溶液用量之影響性較小。(2)矽酸鈉溶液用量須適宜，過量的添加會提高H2O/Na2O，而導致無機聚合物之抗壓強度與動彈性模數下降。(3)養護溫度之增加，將有效提升無機聚合物之各項性質，其中90℃養護效果優於60℃養護，另外，養護時間越長越能提升無機聚合物性質，但以12小時養護時間最具經濟性。(4)經無機聚合物纖維砂漿補強後之圓柱混凝土，在加載受力過程中，因有鋼纖維可抑制裂縫成長速度，可提供較長的預警反應時間。(5)添加重金屬離子對於無機聚合物抗壓強度之影響非常複雜，以長期（56天）而言，對於無機聚合物抗壓強度有不利之影響，但重金屬離子固化效果隨齡期增加，且皆符合環保署規定之毒物溶出標準。

    This study investigates the properties and applications of geopolymer made of the fly ash as the major source material of silica-alumina activated by the alkali solution of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution (water glass). The experimental design method was used to evaluate the effects of various alkali solutions on the engineering properties of geopolymer. In addition, through curing at elevated temperature, the influences of curing temperature and duration on the properties of geopolymer were also studied. In terms of application, the feasibility of retrofitting deteriorated concrete structure and potential for the immobilization of toxic heavy metal ions using geopolymer, respectively, were also explored and served as the base for developing the green materials for the reduction of waste and environmental protection. The experiment results show that: (1) The ANOVA results from the Taguchi experimental design method indicate that the dosage of sodium silicate solution is the most significant factor to control the compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of geopolymer. The individual contributions on the compressive strengths and dynamic moduli of elasticity of fly ash-based geopolymer at various ages are 80.63 to 89.52% and 62.26 to 72.71%, respectively. In comparison, the influence of dosage of sodium hydroxide solution is minor. (2) An adequate dosage of sodium silicate solution must be always kept, otherwise, the excessive additions of sodium silicate solution will increase the ratio H2O/Na2O such that the reduction of compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of geopolymer will occur. (3) The increase of curing temperature effectively improves various properties of geopolymer where the effect of 90 oC is better than that of 60 oC. In addition, the longer the curing time, the better the enhancement of geopolymer properties. However, the curing time of 12 hours is the most cost-effective. (4) The cylindrical concrete specimen retrofitted by the geopolymer mortar with steel fiber will defer the propagating speed of cracking during loading test to provide a longer pre-warning time. (5) The effects of heavy metal ions on the compressive strength of geopolymer were very complex. A negative effect on the compressive strength at age of 56 days was found. But the efficiency immobilization of heavy metal ions increases with age and complied with the provisions of the EPA standards for toxic dissolution.

    中文摘要 I 英文摘要 III 致謝 V 目錄 VI 表目錄 XII 圖目錄 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究項目與步驟 1 1.3 論文內容 2 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 前言 5 2.2 飛灰基無機聚合物組成條件 7 2.2.1 飛灰 7 2.2.1.1 飛灰目前使用情形 7 2.2.1.2 飛灰之分類 8 2.2.1.3 飛灰之化學成分 8 2.2.1.4 飛灰之物理性質 9 2.2.1.5 飛灰之國內規範要求 10 2.2.2 鹼性溶液 10 2.2.2.1 矽酸鈉 10 2.2.2.2 矽酸鈉之特性 10 2.2.2.3 矽酸鈉之應用 11 2.2.2.4 矽酸鈉溶液之凝結固化 11 2.2.3 氫氧化鈉 12 2.2.3.1 氫氧化鈉之特性 12 2.2.3.2 氫氧化鈉之應用 13 2.3 無機聚合物 13 2.3.1 無機聚合物之特性 14 2.3.2 無機聚合物之反應機理 16 2.3.3 無機聚合物之影響因素 19 2.3.3.1 矽鋁材料之影響 19 2.2.3.2 鹼性溶液種類之影響 20 2.3.4 無機聚合物之結構分析 21 2.3.4.1 以29Si核磁共振試驗分析 21 2.3.4.2 以27Al核磁共振試驗分析 21 2.3.5 無機聚合物之應用 22 第三章 試驗原理與設備 34 3.1 試驗原理 34 3.1.1 抗壓試驗 34 3.1.2 超音波試驗 34 3.1.3 熱傳導試驗 35 3.1.4 共振頻率試驗 36 3.1.5 毒性特性溶出程序（Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP）試驗 36 3.1.6 X光繞射（X-ray Diffraction, XRD）試驗 38 3.1.7 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM）試驗 38 3.1.8 能量散射光譜儀（Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, EDS）試驗 39 3.1.9 傅立葉式紅外線吸收光譜儀（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR）試驗 39 3.1.10 核磁共振（Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR）試驗 40 3.2 試驗設備 41 3.2.1 抗壓試驗設備 41 3.2.2 超音波速量測儀 41 3.2.3 熱傳導測定儀 41 3.2.4 共振頻率測定儀 41 3.2.5 毒性特性溶出程序試驗設備 42 3.2.6 X光繞射試驗設備 42 3.2.7 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡試驗設備 42 3.2.8 能量散射光譜儀試驗設備 42 3.2.9 傅立葉式紅外線吸收光譜儀試驗設備 42 3.2.10 核磁共振儀試驗設備 42 第四章 鹼性溶液組成及養護溫度對於無機聚合物性質之研究 52 4.1 前言 52 4.2 實驗設計法 53 4.3 試驗計畫 55 4.3.1 試驗材料與變數 55 4.3.2 試驗項目與步驟 55 4.4 結果與討論 56 4.4.1 無機聚合物工程性質 56 4.4.1.1 抗壓強度 56 4.4.1.2 動彈性模數 57 4.4.2 養護溫度與養護時間對於無機聚合物性質之影響 58 4.4.2.1 抗壓強度 58 4.4.2.2 單位重 59 4.4.2.3 超音波速 59 4.4.2.4 熱傳導係數 59 4.4.2.5 動彈性模數及動剪性模數 60 4.3.2.6 SEM與EDS分析 60 4.4 本章小結 61 第五章 飛灰基無機聚合物應用於混凝土構造補強之研究 86 5.1 前言 86 5.2 試驗計畫 87 5.2.1 試驗材料與變數 87 5.2.1.1 試驗材料 87 5.2.1.2 試驗變數 88 5.2.2 試驗項目與步驟 88 5.2.2.1 無機聚合物之拌合程序 88 5.2.2.2 無機聚合物補強混凝土試體製作 89 5.3 結果與討論 89 5.3.1 無機聚合物砂漿試體工程性質試驗結果 90 5.3.1.1 工作性 90 5.3.1.2 單位重 90 5.3.1.3 抗壓強度 90 5.3.1.4 動彈性模數 91 5.3.1.5 超音波速 91 5.3.1.6 綜合分析 91 5.3.2 無機聚合物砂漿纖維材料工程性質試驗結果 92 5.3.2.1 抗壓強度與抗彎強度 92 5.3.2.2 動彈性模數與超音波速 92 5.3.2.3 綜合分析 93 5.3.3 無機聚合物抗壓及抗彎補強成效試驗結果 93 5.3.3.1 抗壓補強成效 93 5.3.3.2 抗彎補強成效 94 5.4 本章小結 95 第六章 飛灰基無機聚合物應用於固化重金屬之研究 114 6.1 前言 114 6.2 試驗計畫 116 6.2.1 試驗材料與變數 116 6.2.2 試驗項目與步驟 117 6.3 結果與討論 117 6.3.1 無機聚合物工程性質 117 6.3.1.1 抗壓強度 117 6.3.1.2 單位重 118 6.3.1.3 超音波速 118 6.3.1.4 動態彈性模數 118 6.3.2 無機聚合物毒性特性溶出試驗（TCLP） 119 6.3.3 X射線繞射分析（XRD） 119 6.3.4 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡分析（SEM） 120 6.3.5 傅立葉式紅外線吸收光譜儀分析（FTIR） 120 6.3.6 固態核磁共振儀分析（NMR） 121 6.4 本章小結 121 第七章 結論與建議 134 7.1 結論 134 7.2 建議 136 參考文獻 138

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