奈米纖維複合膜應用於海水淡化技術中薄膜蒸餾法的研究

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研究生：	施鈞瀚 Jyun-Han Shih
論文名稱：	奈米纖維複合膜應用於海水淡化技術中薄膜蒸餾法的研究 A study of composite nanofiber membrane applied in seawater desalination by membrane distillation
指導教授：	蘇清淵 Ching-Iuan Su
口試委員:	邱顯堂 HSIEN-TANG CHIU 李貴琪 K.C. Lee 黃盟舜 Meng-Shun Huang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	109
中文關鍵詞：	靜電紡絲、薄膜蒸餾、海水淡化
外文關鍵詞：	Electrospinning, Membrane distillation, Seawater Desalination
相關次數：	點閱：277 下載：4
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上一筆

靜電紡絲薄膜應用領域，包括紡織、環境工程、生醫工程、組織工程等，在環境工程方面除了空氣過濾的研究外，近年來一些研究團隊已開始研究用於水質過濾的靜電紡絲薄膜，並應用在各種水質過濾技術上。本研究的海水淡化設備為直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統(direct contact membrane distillation, DCMD)，薄膜的製作以聚偏二氟乙烯(Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF)與聚二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯[poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-co-HFP]為原料，利用靜電紡絲法（Electrospinning, ES）製備奈米纖維膜，並與具有高強力的紡粘紡不織布(Spunbond)結合，形成三明治夾層結構（Spunbond-Electrospinning-Spunbond, SES）的高性能複合纖維薄膜，具備高孔隙率、低孔徑、奈米細度、高比表面積、高疏水性的特性可應用於直接接觸薄膜蒸餾系統。
薄膜的製備上，PVDF-HFP纖維膜最佳的條件為平均孔徑0.3μm、平均纖維直徑為170nm，並改善PVDF纖維膜孔洞特性上的缺點。
薄膜蒸餾之溫差參數探討中，容積溫度差於55°C時，PVDF-HFP複合纖維膜(13.28 kg/m2hr )的滲透通量為最高，其次為PVDF複合纖維膜(12.44 kg/ m2hr )、最低者為PTFE 商業膜(9.0kg/m2 hr )。研究結果顯示在12小時長時間的脫鹽實驗中，PVDF複合纖維膜脫鹽率為99.9888%、PVDF-HFP複合纖維膜脫鹽率為99.9901%、PTFE商業膜脫鹽率為99.9951%。與PTFE商業膜相比較，PVDF-HFP電紡奈米纖維膜與PTFE商業膜的脫鹽效果均達到99.99%以上，兩者差異不大，且PVDF-HFP電紡奈米纖維膜於連續12小時的平均通量較PTFE商業膜產出4.28 kg/m2 hr。

The current research and application of electrospinning process on the textile engineering, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, environment engineering. For the past few years, some research teams have been use the electrospun membrane for the liquid filtration application.
In this study, two composite nanofibrous membranes of PVDF and PVDF-HFP prepared by electrospinning process were employed in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. The nanofiber membrane combined the high tenacity spunbond nonwoven. And this membrane was electrospun nanofiber nonwoven membrane and spunbond combined to form a sandwich structure of the folder into a SES (Spunbon-Electrospun-Sponbond) composite nanofiber membrane. It reach high porosity, low pore sizes, nanofiber grade, high specific surface area, and high hydrophobic composite membrane for the direct contact membrane distillation system.
By SEM observations, porosity analyzer technique and contact angle measurement, it indicated that the nanoﬁbrous membrane of the average ﬁber diameter of 170nm and maximum pore diameters distribution of 0.3μm is the best membrane applied in DCMD system.
During 12 hours, experiment with the following conditions: Bulk temperature difference of 55°C , and both the two side flow rate of 210 mL/min, it resulted in that the permeate flux of PVDF-HFP composite membrane is higher 4.28kg/m2hr than PTFE commercial membrane. From this 12 hours experiment, the salt rejection of PVDF-HFP (99.9901%) was better than that of PVDF composite membrane (99.9888%) and was the same as that of PTFE commercial membrane (99.9951%). Consequently, the PVDF-HFP composite nanofibrous membrane is significantly increase the permeation flux and salt rejection than the PVDF composite nanofibrous membrane in the DCMD system.

中文摘要.........................................................I
英文摘要.......................................................III
致謝............................................................ V
目錄............................................................VI
圖目錄 .........................................................XI
表目錄 ........................................................XIV
第一章  緒論.....................................................1
1.1前言 .........................................................1
1.2薄膜蒸餾......................................................2
1.3薄膜蒸餾之優點及特色..........................................3
1.4 薄膜蒸餾種類.................................................4
1.5薄膜蒸餾用之薄膜須具備的特性..................................7
1.6 薄膜製作方法介紹............................................10
1.7 靜電紡絲奈米纖維薄膜........................................14
1.8 研究動機與目的..............................................20
第二章  文獻回顧與理論..........................................21
2.1 文獻回顧....................................................21
2.2 薄膜蒸餾理論................................................27
    2.2.1薄膜蒸餾原理...........................................27
    2.2.2溫度極化現象...........................................28
    2.2.3熱量傳輸效應...........................................29
    2.2.4質量傳輸效應...........................................31
2.3 靜電紡絲理論................................................34
    2.3.1 靜電紡絲原理..........................................34
    2.3.2 影響靜電紡絲參數..................................... 35
第三章  實驗材料與方法..........................................38
3.1實驗材料.....................................................38
3.2 實驗儀器及設備..............................................39
3.3 分析儀器....................................................39
3.4實驗流程.....................................................40
3.5實驗架構(特性要因)圖.........................................41
3.6 實驗方法....................................................41
    3.6.2 靜電紡絲工程..........................................42
    3.6.3 SES 高性能複合纖維薄膜製備............................42
3.7 靜電紡絲纖維薄膜表面與微細構造分析..........................43
    3.7.1 孔徑分析..............................................43
    3.7.2 靜電紡絲奈米纖維膜表面觀察............................44
    3.7.3 接觸角測定儀..........................................45
    3.7.4纖維薄膜孔隙率大小量測.................................45
3.8 薄膜蒸餾模組................................................46
3.8.1 模具設計..................................................46
3.8.2 系統迴路..................................................48
3.8.3薄膜蒸餾模組實驗參數操作...................................53
3.9 薄膜蒸餾水質分析............................................54
3.9.1 pH 值.....................................................54
3.9.2 總固體溶解量..............................................55
3.9.3 懸浮固體..................................................55
3.9.4 電導度....................................................55
第四章  結果與討論..............................................56
    4.1靜電紡絲參數設定.........................................56
       4.1.1固定工作電壓、流速改變溶液濃度..................... 56
       4.1.1固定溶液濃度、工作電壓，改變流速................... 57
       4.1.2固定濃度改變電壓....................................59
       4.1.3 消除珠狀物.........................................60
       4.1.4 工作距離探討.......................................61
       4.1.5 滾筒收集器之轉速探討...............................63
       4.1.6 紡絲溶液添加鹽類...................................65
    4.2奈米纖維薄膜孔洞特性分析.................................66
       4.2.1固定紡絲液量，改變轉速..............................66
       4.2.2固定轉速，改變紡絲液量..............................67
       4.2.3  PVDF-HFP 與 PVDF纖維膜直徑分佈之探討..............68
      4.2.4  PVDF 與 PVDF-HFP纖維膜孔洞分佈之探討...............70
    4.3奈米纖維薄膜孔隙率分析...................................71
       4.3.1 奈米纖維薄膜真實密度測定...........................71
       4.3.2 奈米纖維薄膜厚度測定...............................72
       4.3.3 奈米纖維薄膜孔隙率之計算...........................73
    4.4奈米纖維薄膜接觸角測定...................................73
    4.5薄膜蒸餾模組參數設定探討.................................74
       4.5.1 固定容積溫差，改變幫浦進水流速.....................74
       4.5.2 固定幫浦進水流速，改變容積溫度差...................75
    4.6薄膜蒸餾模組連續12小時實驗...............................77
       4.6.1薄膜的冷水端導電度變化..............................77
       4.6.2薄膜的滲透通量變化..................................78
       4.6.3薄膜的脫鹽效果......................................79
       4.6. 4飼水端電紡纖維膜與商業膜的結垢情形.................80
       4.6. 5冷水端電紡纖維膜與商業膜的結垢情形.................87
    4.7改變不織布與電紡膜層數對於薄膜蒸餾模組效能的影響.........91
    4.8 薄膜蒸餾產水之水質檢測..................................93
第五章  結論....................................................97
參考文獻.......................................................100
作者簡介.......................................................109

                                

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