This study examined the effects of food label presentation (ingredient list, expiration date, and traceability) on purchase intention and brand credibility. Furthermore, different perceptions were also considered if it will have a mediating effect on the relation between the independent and dependent variables. Using the ABC model, perceptions and attitudes towards the food labels were studied to determine its impact on consumer decision-making activities. The findings showed that different presentation of food labels does impact purchase intention but only certain types of food label presentation impact brand credibility. Additionally, perceived healthfulness and effectiveness mediated the interaction of non-chemical ingredient list and purchase intention while perceived food safety and quality showed significant mediation effect on chemical ingredient list, best-before expiration date, and presence of traceability QR code on brand credibility. The results of this research will be valuable to marketers, advertising professionals, retailers, business owners, manufacturers, and even government agencies in creating their food marketing strategies, improving food label policies, and advocating the consistent use of food labels in shopping activities.

Abdul Latiff, Z. A. B., Rezai, G., Mohamed, Z., & Amizi Ayob, M. (2016). Food labels’ impact assessment on consumer purchasing behavior in Malaysia. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(2), 137-146.
Administrative Order No. 2014-0030. 1-15 (2014). https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/ 2021/03/Administrative-Order-No.-2014-0030.pdf
Ahmed, Z. U., Johnson, J. P., Yang, X., Fatt, C. K., Teng, H. S., & Boon, L. C. (2004). Does country of origin matter for low‐involvement products?. International Marketing Review, 21(1), 102-120.
Allen, M. P. (2004). Understanding regression analysis. Springer Science & Business Media. 1-5. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Almquist, E., & Wyner, G. (2001). Boost your marketing ROI with experimental design.
Harvard Business Review, 79(9), 135-141.
Andrews, J. C., Burton , S., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2000). Are Some Comparative Nutrition
Claims Misleading? The Role of Nutrition Knowledge, Ad Claim Type and Disclosure
Conditions. Journal of Advertising, 29 (3), 29-42.
Aung, M. M., & Chang, Y. S. (2014). Traceability in a food supply chain: Safety and quality
perspectives. Food Control, 39, 172-184.
Ballco, P., & De Magistris, T. (2019). Spanish consumer purchase behaviour and stated
preferences for yoghurts with nutritional and health claims. Nutrients, 11(11), 2742. Bartels, D. M., & Johnson, E. J. (2015). Connecting cognition and consumer choice. Cognition,
135, 47-51.
Berry, C., & Romero, M. (2021). The fair trade food labeling health halo: Effects of fair trade labeling on consumption and perceived healthfulness. Food Quality and Preference, 94, 104321.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Beulens, A. J., Broens, D. F., Folstar, P., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Food safety and transparency in food chains and networks Relationships and challenges. Food Control, 16(6), 481-486.
Bolek, S. (2020). Consumer knowledge, attitudes, and judgments about food safety: A consumer analysis. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 102, 242-248.
Bosona, T., & Gebresenbet, G. (2013). Food traceability as an integral part of logistics management in food and agricultural supply chain. Food Control, 33(1), 32-48.
Brečić, R., Mesić, Ž., & Cerjak, M. (2017). Importance of intrinsic and extrinsic quality food characteristics by different consumer segments. British Food Journal, 119(4), 845-862.
Brewer, M. S., & Prestat, C. J. (2002). Consumer attitudes toward food safety issues. Journal of Food Safety, 22(2), 67-83.
Britwum, K., & Yiannaka, A. (2019). Labeling food safety attributes: to inform or not to inform?. Agricultural and Food Economics, 7(1), 1-21.
Bryła, P. (2020). Who reads food labels? Selected predictors of consumer interest in front-of- package and back-of-package labels during and after the purchase. Nutrients, 12(9), 2605.
Bullock, K., Lahne, J., & Pope, L. (2020). Investigating the role of health halos and reactance in ice cream choice. Food Quality and Preference, 80, 103826.
BS EN ISO 9000. (2005). Quality Management Systems: Fundamentals and Vocabulary. Buckwell, A. (2003). Food safety, food quality and the CAP (pp. 153-161). Hannover: Verlag der
ARL-Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung.
Bui, M. M., Tangari, A. H., & Haws, K. L. (2017). Can health “halos” extend to food packaging?
An investigation into food healthfulness perceptions and serving sizes on consumption
decisions. Journal of Business Research, 75, 221-228.
Burnier, P. C., Spers, E. E., & de Barcellos, M. D. (2021). Role of sustainability attributes and
occasion matters in determining consumers’ beef choice. Food Quality and Preference,
88, 104075.
Cardello, A. V. (1995). Food quality: relativity, context and consumer expectations. Food Quality
and Preference, 6(3), 163-170.
Carfora, V., Cavallo, C., Catellani, P., Del Giudice, T., & Cicia, G. (2021). Why do consumers
intend to purchase natural food? Integrating theory of planned behavior, value-belief-
norm theory, and trust. Nutrients, 13(6), 1904.
Castillo, R. (2013). Mandatory Food Labeling. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from
https://business. inquirer. net/108983/mandatory-food-labeling
Cata, T., Patel, P. S., & Sakaguchi, T. (2013). QR code: A new opportunity for effective mobile
marketing. Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knowledge and Society, 2013, 1. Chandon, P., & Wansink, B. (2007). The biasing health halos of fast-food restaurant health
claims: lower calorie estimates and higher side-dish consumption intentions. Journal of
Consumer Research, 34(3), 301-314.
Chrysochou, P. and Giraud, G. (2007). Is designation of origin an important cue driving
consumer loyalty behavior? Evidence from scanner data on dry-cured ham. ANZMAC Conference, University of Otago, Dunedin.
Chung, J. E., Pil Yu, J., & Thorndike Pysarchik, D. (2006). Cue utilization to assess food product
quality: a comparison of consumers and retailers in India. International Review of Retail,
Distribution and Consumer Research, 16(02), 199-214.
Chryssochoidis, G., Krystallis, A., & Perreas, P. (2007). Ethnocentric beliefs and country‐of‐
origin (COO) effect: Impact of country, product and product attributes on Greek consumers' evaluation of food products. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1518-1544.
Davies, M. A., & Wright, L. T. (1994). The importance of labelling examined in food marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 28(2), 57-67.
Denso Wave. (n.d.). History of QR code. Retrived from https://www.qrcode.com/en/history/ Djeri, L., Armenski, T., Tesanovic, D., Bradić, M., & Vukosav, S. (2014). Consumer behaviour: influence of place of residence on the decision-making process when choosing a tourist
destination. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 27(1), 267-279.
Erdem, T., Swait, J., & Valenzuela, A. (2006). Brands as signals: A cross-country validation
study. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 34-49.
Erdem, T., & Swait, J. (1998). Brand equity as a signaling phenomenon. Journal of Consumer
Psychology, 7(2), 131-157.
Estiri, M., Hasangholipour, T., Yazdani, H., Nejad, H. J., & Rayej, H. (2010). Food products
consumer behaviors: the role of packaging elements. Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(7),
535-543.
Fiedler, K., Schott, M., & Meiser, T. (2011). What mediation analysis can (not) do. Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, 47(6), 1231-1236.
Fisher, M. J., & Marshall, A. P. (2009). Understanding descriptive statistics. Australian Critical Care, 22(2), 93-97.
Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.
Food Safety Authority of Ireland. (2009). A research study into consumers’ attitudes to food
labelling. 1-25.
Goktas, S., Gezginci, E., & Oymaagaclio, K. (2022). Adaptation of the Person-Centered
Perioperative Nursing Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Analysis. Journal of
PeriAnesthesia Nursing.
Griffith, C. J. (2006). Food safety: where from and where to?. British Food Journal, 108 (1), 6-
15.
Grunert, K. G., & Wills, J. M. (2007). A review of European research on consumer response to
nutrition information on food labels. Journal of Public Health, 15(5), 385-399. Grunert, K. G. (2005). Food quality and safety: consumer perception and demand. European
Review of Agricultural Economics, 32(3), 369-391.
Hall-Phillips, A., & Shah, P. (2017). Unclarity confusion and expiration date labels in the United
States: A consumer perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 35, 118-
126.
Hawkes, C., & World Health Organization. (2004). Nutrition labels and health claims: the global
regulatory environment. World Health Organization.
Howlett, E. A., Burton, S., Bates, K., & Huggins, K. (2009). Coming to a restaurant near you?
Potential consumer responses to nutrition information disclosure on menus. Journal of
Consumer Research, 36(3), 494-503.
Ikonen, I., Sotgiu, F., Aydinli, A., & Verlegh, P. W. (2020). Consumer effects of front-of-package nutrition labeling: An interdisciplinary meta-analysis. Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, 48(3), 360-383.
Jeddi, N., & Zaiem, I. (2010). The Impact of Label Perception on the Consumers' Purchase
Intention: An application on food products. IBIMA Business Review, 1-14.
Jeong, J. I., Park, R. J., Yeh, S. W., & Roh, J. W. (2021). Statistical predictability of wintertime
PM2. 5 concentrations over East Asia using simple linear regression. Science of The Total
Environment, 776, 146059.
Johar, G. V., Maheswaran, D., & Peracchio, L. A. (2006). MAP ping the Frontiers: Theoretical
Advances in Consumer Research on M emory, A ffect, and P ersuasion. Journal of
Consumer Research, 33(1), 139-149.
Joseph, S., Lavoie, N., & Caswell, J. A. (2014). Implementing COOL: comparative welfare
effects of different labeling schemes. Food Policy, 44, 14-25.
Kaczorowska, J., Prandota, A., Rejman, K., Halicka, E., & Tul-Krzyszczuk, A. (2021).
Certification Labels in Shaping Perception of Food Quality—Insights from Polish and
Belgian Urban Consumers. Sustainability, 13(2), 702.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk.
Econometrica, 4, 362-377.
Košičiarová, I., Nagyová, Ľ., & Holienčinová, M. (2017). Consumer behaviour on Slovak
yoghurt and fermented milk products market. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et
Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 65(6), 1967-1978.
Kuhfeld, W. F., Tobias, R. D., & Garratt, M. (1994). Efficient experimental design with
marketing research applications. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(4), 545-557.
Kumar, N., & Kapoor, S. (2017). Do labels influence purchase decisions of food products? Study of young consumers of an emerging market. British Food Journal, 119(2), 219-229. Kung, M. L., Wang, J. H., & Liang, C. (2021). Impact of Purchase Preference, Perceived Value,
and Marketing Mix on Purchase Intention and Willingness to Pay for Pork. Foods,
10(10), 2396.
Kupiec, B., & Revell, B. (2001). Measuring Consumer Quality Judgements. British Food
Journal, 103(1), 7-22.
Kühberger, A. (1998). The influence of framing on risky decisions: A meta-analysis.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 75(1), 23-55.
Lagerkvist, C. J. (2013). Consumer preferences for food labelling attributes: Comparing direct
ranking and best–worst scaling for measurement of attribute importance, preference
intensity and attribute dominance. Food Quality and Preference, 29(2), 77-88. Lassoued, R., & Hobbs, J. E. (2015). Consumer confidence in credence attributes: The role of
brand trust. Food Policy, 52, 99-107.
Le, A. T., Nguyen, M. T., Vu, H. T. T., & Thi, T. T. N. (2020). Consumers' trust in food safety
indicators and cues: The case of Vietnam. Food Control, 112, 107162.
Lee, A. Y., & Aaker, J. L. (2004). Bringing the frame into focus: the influence of regulatory fit on
processing fluency and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2),
205.
Lin, P., Tsai, H., & Ho, T. (2020). Food safety gaps between consumers’ expectations and
perceptions: development and verification of a gap-assessment tool. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1-17.
Liu, A., & Niyongira, R. (2017). Chinese consumers food purchasing behaviors and awareness of
food safety. Food Control, 79, 185-191.
Liu, R., Hoefkens, C., & Verbeke, W. (2015). Chinese consumers’ understanding and use of a food nutrition label and their determinants. Food Quality and Preference, 41, 103-111.
Lysonski, S., Durvasula, S., & Zotos, Y. (1996). Consumer decision‐making styles: a multi‐ country investigation. European Journal of Marketing, 30(12), 10-21.
Machado, J., Nantes, J., & Leonelli, F. (2019). Using Quick Response Code in Food Packaging for Traceability and Marketing Strategies. Global Journal of Nutrition & Food Science, 1(3), 1-2.
Mai, R., & Hoffmann, S. (2015). How to combat the unhealthy= tasty intuition: The influencing role of health consciousness. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 34(1), 63-83.
Mandle, J., Tugendhaft, A., Michalow, J., & Hofman, K. (2015). Nutrition labelling: a review of research on consumer and industry response in the global South. Global Health Action, 8(1), 25912.
Mandler, George (1982), “The Structure of Value: Accounting for Taste,” in Affect and Cognition: The Seventeenth Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition, Margaret Syndor Clark and Susan T. Fiske (eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 3-36.
Mackey, M. A., & Metz, M. (2009). Ease of reading of mandatory information on Canadian food product labels. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(4), 369-381.
Magalhaes, D. R., Campo, M. D. M., & Maza, M. T. (2021). Knowledge, Utility, and Preferences for Beef Label Traceability Information: A Cross-Cultural Market Analysis Comparing Spain and Brazil. Foods, 10(2), 232.
Marchini, A., Riganelli, C., Diotallevi, F., & Polenzani, B. (2021). Label information and consumer behaviour: evidence on drinking milk sector. Agricultural and Food Economics, 9(1), 1-24.
Martinho, V. J. P. D. (2020). Food marketing as a special ingredient in consumer choices: the
main insights from existing literature. Foods, 9(11), 1651.
Martini, D., & Menozzi, D. (2021). Food Labeling: Analysis, Understanding, and Perception.
Nutrients, 13(1), 268.
Maruyama, S., Lim, J., & Streletskaya, N. A. (2021). Clean Label Trade-Offs: A Case Study of
Plain Yogurt. Frontiers in Nutrition, 462.
Mazurkiewicz-Pizło, A., & Pachuca-Smulska, B. (2012). Access to Information as a Determinant
of the Consumer Behavior at the Food Market. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum.
Oeconomia, 11(4), 35-46.
Meijer, G. W., Detzel, P., Grunert, K. G., Robert, M. C., & Stancu, V. (2021). Towards effective
labelling of foods an international perspective on safety and nutrition. Trends in Food
Science & Technology, 118, 45-56.
Miller, L. M. S., & Cassady, D. L. (2015). The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use.
A review of the literature. Appetite, 92, 207-216.
Morales, A. C., Amir, O., & Lee, L. (2017). Keeping it real in experimental research—
Understanding when, where, and how to enhance realism and measure consumer
behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(2), 465-476.
Morwitz, V. (2014). Consumers' purchase intentions and their behavior. Foundations and Trends
in Marketing, 7(3), 181-230.
Muller, L., & Prevost, M. (2016). What cognitive sciences have to say about the impacts of
nutritional labelling formats. Journal of Economic Psychology, 55, 17-29. Meyers-Levy, J., & Tybout, A. M. (1989). Schema congruity as a basis for product evaluation.
Journal of Consumer Research, 16(1), 39-54.
Nayga, R. M. (1996). Determinants of consumers' use of nutritional information on food
packages. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 28(2), 303-312.
Nayga Jr, R. M. (1999). Toward an understanding of consumers’ perceptions of food labels. The
International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 2(1), 29-45.
Nayga Jr, R. M. (2000). Nutrition knowledge, gender, and food label use. Journal of Consumer
Affairs, 34(1), 97-112.
Nardi, V. A. M., Teixeira, R., Ladeira, W. J., & de Oliveira Santini, F. (2020). A meta-analytic
review of food safety risk perception. Food Control, 112, 107089.
Newsome, R., Balestrini, C. G., Baum, M. D., Corby, J., Fisher, W., Goodburn, K., & Yiannas, F. (2014). Applications and perceptions of date labeling of food. Comprehensive Reviews in
Food Science and Food Safety, 13(4), 745-769.
Nocella, G., Romano, D., & Stefani, G. (2014). Consumers’ attitudes, trust and willingness to
pay for food information. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(2), 153-165. Odeyemi, O. A., Sani, N. A., Obadina, A. O., Saba, C. K. S., Bamidele, F. A., Abughoush, M., ...
& Aberoumand, A. (2019). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among consumers in developing countries: An international survey. Food Research International, 116, 1386-1390.
Ossevorth, F., Seidel, P., Krahmer, S., Seifert, J., Schegner, P., Lochmann, P., Oehm, L., & Mauermann, M. (2021). Resilience in Supply Systems–What the Food Industry Can Learn from Energy Sector. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, 3(1), 39-47.
Ostrom, T. M. (1969). The relationship between the affective, behavioral, and cognitive components of attitude. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 5(1), 12-30.
Pabst, E., Szolnoki, G., & Loose, S. M. (2019). The effects of mandatory ingredient and nutrition labelling for wine consumers–A qualitative study. Wine Economics and Policy, 8(1), 5- 15.
Pangsui, T., Gueye, B., & Douanla, J. (2020). Relation Between Quality Signals’ Credibility, Trust in Food System Actors, Perceived Quality and Intention to Buy. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 8(1), 12-28.
Pearson, D., Henryks, J., Sultan, P., & Anisimova, T. (2013). Organic food: Exploring purchase frequency to explain consumer behavior. Journal of Organic Systems, 8(2), 50-63.
Peña-García, N., Gil-Saura, I., Rodríguez-Orejuela, A., & Siqueira-Junior, J. R. (2020). Purchase intention and purchase behavior online: A cross-cultural approach. Heliyon, 6(6), 1-11.
Pérez-Escamilla, R., & Haldeman, L. (2002). Food label use modifies association of income with dietary quality. The Journal of Nutrition, 132(4), 768-772.
Petrescu, D. C., Vermeir, I., & Petrescu-Mag, R. M. (2020). Consumer understanding of food quality, healthiness, and environmental impact: A cross-national perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 169.
Plasek, B., Lakner, Z., & Temesi, Á. (2020). Factors that influence the perceived healthiness of food. Nutrients, 12(6), 1881.
Prion, S. K., & Haerling, K. A. (2020). Making Sense of Methods and Measurements: Simple Linear Regression. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 48, 94-95.
Probst, A., & Brokaw, S. (2012). The expectations of quick response (QR) codes in print media: An empirical data research anthology. UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research, 15, 1- 13.
Rai, B. (2019). The Effect of Demographic Factors on Consumer Purchase Intention in Buying Television Set in Kathmandu Valley: An Empirical Study. Pravaha, 25(1), 23-32.
Rezai, G., Mohamed, Z. A., Shamsudin, M. N., & Chiew, F. C. (2009). Concerns for halalness of
halal-labelled food products among Muslim consumers in Malaysia: Evaluation of
selected demographic factors. Economic and Technology Management Review, 4, 65-73. Reynolds, T. C. and Olson, J. C. (2001). Understanding Consumer Decision-Making: the Means-
End Approach to Marketing and Advertising Strategy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Roche, K. A. (2016). Food Labeling: Applications. Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 49-55. Röhr, A., Lüddecke, K., Drusch, S., Müller, M. J., & Alvensleben, R. V. (2005). Food quality and
safety––consumer perception and public health concern. Food Control, 16(8), 649-655. Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997). Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: the role
of message framing. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 3.
Roth, M. S., & Romeo, J. B. (1992). Matching product catgeory and country image perceptions:
A framework for managing country-of-origin effects. Journal of International Business
Studies, 23(3), 477-497.
Sadilek, T. (2019). Perception of food quality by consumers: literature review. European
Research Studies Journal, 22(1), 52-62.
Sadiku, M. N., Musa, S. M., & Ashaolu, T. J. (2019). Food industry: an introduction.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 3(4), 128-30. Shahrabani, S. (2021). Determinants of Israeli consumers’ decision to use food label information
more frequently: a national survey study. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research,
10(1), 1-10.
Šenk, I., Ostojić, G., Tarjan, L., Stankovski, S., & Lazarević, M. (2013). Food product
traceability by using automated identification technologies. In Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems (pp. 155-163). Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.
Sikora, T., & Strada, A. (2005). Safety and quality assurance and management systems in food
industry: An overview. The Food Industry in Europe, Agricultural University of Athens,
Athens, 85-95.
Shah, P., Goyal, M., & Hu, D. (2016). Role of expiration dates in grocery shopping behavior: An
eye tracking perspective. Twenty-second Americas Conference on Information Systems,
San Diego, 2016.
Shah, P., & Hall‐Phillips, A. (2018). Antecedents and implications of expiration date search
effort. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 52(2), 229-251.
Shin, D. H., Jung, J., & Chang, B. H. (2012). The psychology behind QR codes: User experience
perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1417-1426.
Smith, R., Kelly, B., Yeatman, H., & Boyland, E. (2019). Food marketing influences children’s
attitudes, preferences and consumption: A systematic critical review. Nutrients, 11(4),
875.
Steinhauser, J., Janssen, M., & Hamm, U. (2019). Who buys products with nutrition and health
claims? A purchase simulation with eye tracking on the influence of consumers’ nutrition
knowledge and health motivation. Nutrients, 11(9), 2199.
Su, J. Y., & Canavari, M. (2018). Delphi study on country-of-origin labelling for processed
foods. Agricultural and Food Economics, 6(1), 1-20.
Sy, D. C., & Bullecer, E. R. (2020). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Nutrition Label Use
among Selected Filipino Adults. Acta Medica Philippina, 54(5), 612-619. Sykes, A. O. (1993). An introduction to regression analysis. 1-33.
Talagala, I. A., & Arambepola, C. (2016). Use of food labels by adolescents to make healthier choices on snacks: a cross-sectional study from Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1- 11.
Timmerman, N., & Piqueras-Fiszman, B. (2019). The effect of ingredient item depiction on the packaging frontal view on pre-and post-consumption product evaluations. Foods, 8(8), 354.
Thomsen, M. R., Kyureghian, G., & Nayga Jr, R. M. (2014). Food Marketing. In Agriculture and People, 196-212.
Tomalieh, E. F. (2016). The impact of events sponsorship on attendee’s purchase intention: The mediating role of brand image. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(8), 162.
Tsiros, M., & Heilman, C. M. (2005). The effect of expiration dates and perceived risk on purchasing behavior in grocery store perishable categories. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 114-129.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. SCIENCE, 211, 30.
United States. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2010). Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010 (No. 232). US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture.
US FDA. (2013). Yogurt. 21 CFR 131.200, Code of Federal Regulations. U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
van Dillen, S. M., Hiddink, G. J., Koelen, M. A., de Graaf, C., & van Woerkum, C. M. (2003). Understanding nutrition communication between health professionals and consumers: development of a model for nutrition awareness based on qualitative consumer research.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(4), 1065S-1072S.
Van Rijswijk, W., & Frewer, L. J. (2012). Consumer needs and requirements for food and
ingredient traceability information. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 36(3),
282-290.
van Trijp, J. C. M., & Meulenberg, M. T. (1996). Marketing and consumer behavior with respect
to foods. In Food choice, acceptance and consumption (pp. 264-292). Blackie Acad. &
Professional.
Ventura-Lucas, M. R. (2004). Consumer perceptions and attitudes towards food safety in
Portugal (No. 731-2016-50632).
Vijaykumar, S., Lwin, M. O., Chao, J., & Au, C. (2013). Determinants of food label use among
supermarket shoppers: a Singaporean perspective. Journal of Nutrition Education and
Behavior, 45(3), 204-212.
Walters, A., & Long, M. (2012). The effect of food label cues on perceptions of quality and
purchase intentions among high-involvement consumers with varying levels of nutrition
knowledge. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 44(4), 350-354. Weerathilake, W. A. D. V., Rasika, D. M. D., Ruwanmali, J. K. U., & Munasinghe, M. A. D. D. (2014). The evolution, processing, varieties and health benefits of yogurt. International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(4), 1-10.
Wei, Y. P. (2021). The Effect of Food Safety-Related Attributes on Customer Satisfaction of
Ready-to-Eat Foods at Hypermarkets. Sustainability, 13(19), 10554.
Wu, W., Zhang, A., van Klinken, R. D., Schrobback, P., & Muller, J. M. (2021). Consumer Trust
in Food and the Food System: A Critical Review. Foods, 10(10), 2490.
World Trade Organization. (n.d.). Technical Information on Rules of Origin. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/roi_e/roi_info_e.htm.
World Health Organization. (2015). Food Safety: What you should know (No. SEA-NUT-196). World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2020). Noncommunicable diseases: Progress monitor 2020. https:// apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/330805/9789240000490-eng.pdf?sequence =1&isAllowed=y
Yu, H., Gibson, K. E., Wright, K. G., Neal, J. A., & Sirsat, S. A. (2017). Food safety and food quality perceptions of farmers’ market consumers in the United States. Food Control, 79, 266-271.
Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., & Zhou, P. (2021). Consumer attitude towards sustainability of fast fashion products in the UK. Sustainability, 13(4), 1646.